1,720,993 research outputs found
Bahan Kuliah Minggu 2 - Pengantar Kimia, Biologi, Komposting - Smt 4 - PPS
No full textBahan kuliah ini dipresentasikan pertama kali tanggal 26 Maret 2018 di kelas PPS, Institut Teknologi Yogyakarta. Saya melakukan sedikit modifikasi dari bahan kuliah dosen s1 saya, Ganjar Samudro ST MT dari Universitas Diponegoro. Terima kasih kepada beliau. Selanjutnya, bahan kuliah ini akan saya perbarui dan modifikasi sesuai dengan kebutuhan pada saat - saat tertentu. Semoga mahasiswa dapat mengerti dan mengambil pelajaran dengan baik
二槽型微生物燃料電池における発電量と有機物除去双方の高効率化のための最適運転条件の検討
Get PDFPopulation growth drives the demand for energy, which is the most pressing human need today. It puts pressure on other related sectors and increases wastewater production, which is a big problem in some countries that is inaccessible to available wastewater treatment facilities. Concerning the SDGs 2030 target, which mentions integrated sectors to deal with environmental issues, energy and water as a part of the water-energy-food nexus have a high linkage to build substantial economic and ecological benefits. Therefore, they have become the core attention of the world at this moment.
To deal with the problem solving mentioned above, nowadays, an alternative energy converter integrated wastewater treatment has been massively developed to achieve green label production of products. Many countries, favoured by their scientists and practitioners, compete to find technology that is a user-friendly, eco-friendly, back-to-nature concept, inexpensive and can be accepted in any society stratifications. However, there is an available standalone converter technology known as conventional technology, which is a disintegrated system with no added value. This challenge opens an opportunity to develop a fully integrated system with any advantages. One of the promising technologies needed for solving the environmental problem and simultaneously producing other benefits for human living is a part of the bioelectrochemistry system (BES), which is microbial fuel cell (MFC). It could be easily assisted with the available conventional wastewater treatment, and it gives more benefits not only in energy production but also for remediating the environment through the superior biocatalyst, named electroactive bacteria (EAB), which has the availability to reduce organic and inorganic matter and generating electricity. However, factors affecting MFC have been a drawback in their field application that must be concerned extensively. Therefore, this study accommodates to investigation more in order to get an optimum condition in operation so that the technology could be widely used properly on the full scale.
The disadvantages of the air–cathode single-chamber microbial fuel cell (AC-SCMFC) performance can be caused by numerous factors, and retention time (RT) is one such factor. It is difficult to conclude the ideal RT run for the specific tests under the same conditions. To determine the optimum RT for various types of microbial fuel cell (MFC), an AC-SCMFC batch-mode reactor was carried out by comparing different types and concentrations of substrates based on the main parameters of organic removal and power generation. The AC-SCMFC reactor was designed for the effective working volume of 500 mL and operated for 52 d in batch mode with factors being significantly correlated with the performance of the MFC reactor, which were two different substrates, sucrose and acetate, and three different chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels of 400; 1000, and 2500 mg/L (low, medium, and high, respectively) equipped with two graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs)-based electrodes connected to 100 Ω resistance and plugged onto a ii data logger. The results of this study indicated a significant pattern at the medium level, at which the optimum RT of sucrose was achieved at 24 h and that of acetate at 48 h. In comparison, the performances pattern at low and high levels of both substrates was insignificant to determine the optimum RT. For further application, the recommended RT for both substrates at any concentration is 24 h due to high overall performance, and the optimum RT established in this study could be applied to all types of MFC research, particularly in oxidizable or biodegradable organic ranges, which ensures high performance.
One of the important factors in enhancing the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is reactor design and configuration. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the regressors and their operating parameters affecting the double anode chamber–designed dual-chamber microbial fuel cell (DAC-DCMFC) performance. Its primary design consists of two anode chamber compartments equipped with a separator and cathode chamber. The DAC-DCMFCs were parallelly operated over 8 days (60 days after the acclimation period). They were intermittently pump-fed with the different organic loading rates (OLRs), using chemically enriched sucrose as artificial wastewater. The applied OLRs were adjusted at low, medium, and high ranges from 0.4 kg.m-3.d-1 to 2.5 kg.m-3.d-1. The reactor types were type 1 and type 2 with different cathode materials. The pH, temperature, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), optical density 600 (OD600), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC) were measured, using standard analytical instruments. In general, the power production achieved a maximum of 866 ± 44 mW/m2, with a volumetric power density of 5.15 ± 0.26 W/m3 and coulombic efficiency of 84%. Two-stage COD and TOC removal at medium OLR achieved a range of 60–80%. Medium OLR is the recommended level to enhance power production and organic removal in DAC-DCMFC. The separated anode chambers into two parts in a dual anode chamber microbial fuel cell adjusted by various organic loadings expressed a preferable comprehension of the integrated MFCs for wastewater treatment.
With respect to both studies, RT influences the design and configuration of MFCs, particularly in this regard, modified anode compartment of DCMFCs adapted to the range of oxidizable or biodegradable organics and reactor components towards control and dependent variables provide the simultaneous performance of DCMFCs in organic removal and power generation. In addition, DAC-DCMFC offers an opportunity to achieve optimal conditions in concurrent MFC-assisted wastewater treatment. Therefore, this study is one step closer to understanding the operating conditions comprehensively, which are the dominant factors affecting performance.博士(学術)山口大学Yamaguchi Universit
KONSERVASI ENERGI BERBASIS RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY DENGAN PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI MICROBIAL
Get PDFPenggunaan energi yang besar meningkatkan emisi CO2 yang terlepas ke atmosfer. Upaya konservasi energi terus dilakukan dalam rangka meningkatkan kebutuhan energi. Bentuk konservasi energi berbasis renewable energy technology dengan pemanfaatan teknologi microbial merupakan bentuk ideal back to nature dan lebih ramah lingkungan untuk masa depan lingkungan yang lebih baik. Penelitian-penelitian berbasis teknologi microbial dengan basis modifikasi teknologi konvensional dengan advanced menjadi pilihan terbaik dalam capture energi besar, kebutuhan energi nol, revenue listrik tinggi dan biaya operasional yang
rendah. Pilihan inovasi teknologi ini membuka wacana pengembangan inovasi teknologi microbial lainnya dan memberikan kontribusi pengurangan emisi CO2 dari suatu proses. Hasil hasil penelitian terbaru dengan reaktor MFCs sebagai salah satu teknologi microbial didapatkan kecenderungan positif dalam pemanfaatannya dalam skala yang lebih besar dan aplikati
二槽型微生物燃料電池における発電量と有機物除去双方の高効率化のための最適運転条件の検討
No full textPopulation growth drives the demand for energy, which is the most pressing human need today. It puts pressure on other related sectors and increases wastewater production, which is a big problem in some countries that is inaccessible to available wastewater treatment facilities. Concerning the SDGs 2030 target, which mentions integrated sectors to deal with environmental issues, energy and water as a part of the water-energy-food nexus have a high linkage to build substantial economic and ecological benefits. Therefore, they have become the core attention of the world at this moment.
To deal with the problem solving mentioned above, nowadays, an alternative energy converter integrated wastewater treatment has been massively developed to achieve green label production of products. Many countries, favoured by their scientists and practitioners, compete to find technology that is a user-friendly, eco-friendly, back-to-nature concept, inexpensive and can be accepted in any society stratifications. However, there is an available standalone converter technology known as conventional technology, which is a disintegrated system with no added value. This challenge opens an opportunity to develop a fully integrated system with any advantages. One of the promising technologies needed for solving the environmental problem and simultaneously producing other benefits for human living is a part of the bioelectrochemistry system (BES), which is microbial fuel cell (MFC). It could be easily assisted with the available conventional wastewater treatment, and it gives more benefits not only in energy production but also for remediating the environment through the superior biocatalyst, named electroactive bacteria (EAB), which has the availability to reduce organic and inorganic matter and generating electricity. However, factors affecting MFC have been a drawback in their field application that must be concerned extensively. Therefore, this study accommodates to investigation more in order to get an optimum condition in operation so that the technology could be widely used properly on the full scale.
The disadvantages of the air–cathode single-chamber microbial fuel cell (AC-SCMFC) performance can be caused by numerous factors, and retention time (RT) is one such factor. It is difficult to conclude the ideal RT run for the specific tests under the same conditions. To determine the optimum RT for various types of microbial fuel cell (MFC), an AC-SCMFC batch-mode reactor was carried out by comparing different types and concentrations of substrates based on the main parameters of organic removal and power generation. The AC-SCMFC reactor was designed for the effective working volume of 500 mL and operated for 52 d in batch mode with factors being significantly correlated with the performance of the MFC reactor, which were two different substrates, sucrose and acetate, and three different chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels of 400; 1000, and 2500 mg/L (low, medium, and high, respectively) equipped with two graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs)-based electrodes connected to 100 Ω resistance and plugged onto a ii data logger. The results of this study indicated a significant pattern at the medium level, at which the optimum RT of sucrose was achieved at 24 h and that of acetate at 48 h. In comparison, the performances pattern at low and high levels of both substrates was insignificant to determine the optimum RT. For further application, the recommended RT for both substrates at any concentration is 24 h due to high overall performance, and the optimum RT established in this study could be applied to all types of MFC research, particularly in oxidizable or biodegradable organic ranges, which ensures high performance.
One of the important factors in enhancing the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is reactor design and configuration. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the regressors and their operating parameters affecting the double anode chamber–designed dual-chamber microbial fuel cell (DAC-DCMFC) performance. Its primary design consists of two anode chamber compartments equipped with a separator and cathode chamber. The DAC-DCMFCs were parallelly operated over 8 days (60 days after the acclimation period). They were intermittently pump-fed with the different organic loading rates (OLRs), using chemically enriched sucrose as artificial wastewater. The applied OLRs were adjusted at low, medium, and high ranges from 0.4 kg.m-3.d-1 to 2.5 kg.m-3.d-1. The reactor types were type 1 and type 2 with different cathode materials. The pH, temperature, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), optical density 600 (OD600), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC) were measured, using standard analytical instruments. In general, the power production achieved a maximum of 866 ± 44 mW/m2, with a volumetric power density of 5.15 ± 0.26 W/m3 and coulombic efficiency of 84%. Two-stage COD and TOC removal at medium OLR achieved a range of 60–80%. Medium OLR is the recommended level to enhance power production and organic removal in DAC-DCMFC. The separated anode chambers into two parts in a dual anode chamber microbial fuel cell adjusted by various organic loadings expressed a preferable comprehension of the integrated MFCs for wastewater treatment.
With respect to both studies, RT influences the design and configuration of MFCs, particularly in this regard, modified anode compartment of DCMFCs adapted to the range of oxidizable or biodegradable organics and reactor components towards control and dependent variables provide the simultaneous performance of DCMFCs in organic removal and power generation. In addition, DAC-DCMFC offers an opportunity to achieve optimal conditions in concurrent MFC-assisted wastewater treatment. Therefore, this study is one step closer to understanding the operating conditions comprehensively, which are the dominant factors affecting performance
Bahan Kuliah Minggu 2 - Pengantar Kimia, Biologi, Komposting - Smt 4 - PPS
No full textBahan kuliah ini dipresentasikan pertama kali tanggal 26 Maret 2018 di kelas PPS, Institut Teknologi Yogyakarta. Saya melakukan sedikit modifikasi dari bahan kuliah dosen s1 saya, Ganjar Samudro ST MT dari Universitas Diponegoro. Terima kasih kepada beliau. Selanjutnya, bahan kuliah ini akan saya perbarui dan modifikasi sesuai dengan kebutuhan pada saat - saat tertentu. Semoga mahasiswa dapat mengerti dan mengambil pelajaran dengan baik
Bahan Kuliah Minggu 1 - Pendahuluan, Fisika, Termal - Smt 4 - PPS
No full textPresentasi ini digunakan sebagai bahan mata kuliah pengelolaan dan pengolahan sampah semester 4 di Institut Teknologi Yogyakarta. Bahan Kuliah terdiri dari penjelasan pengolahan sampah biologi, kimia, fisika dan termal yang disampaikan dalam 4 pertemuan. Terima kasih sebesar-besarnya saya ucapkan kepada bapak Ganjar Samudro, ST MT dan ibu Titik Istirokhatun ST MSc, Universitas Diponegoro, karena bahan dan materi kuliah ini cukup banyak saya ambil dari beliau. Setiap waktu dimungkinkan adanya modifikasi dan perubahan materi agar sesuai dengan kebutuhan mahasiswa
Bahan Kuliah Minggu 1 - Pendahuluan, Fisika, Termal - Smt 4 - PPS
No full textPresentasi ini digunakan sebagai bahan mata kuliah pengelolaan dan pengolahan sampah semester 4 di Institut Teknologi Yogyakarta. Bahan Kuliah terdiri dari penjelasan pengolahan sampah biologi, kimia, fisika dan termal yang disampaikan dalam 4 pertemuan. Terima kasih sebesar-besarnya saya ucapkan kepada bapak Ganjar Samudro, ST MT dan ibu Titik Istirokhatun ST MSc, Universitas Diponegoro, karena bahan dan materi kuliah ini cukup banyak saya ambil dari beliau. Setiap waktu dimungkinkan adanya modifikasi dan perubahan materi agar sesuai dengan kebutuhan mahasiswa
Ekotoksikologi Teknosfer
No full textBahan berbahaya dan beracun terdapat di alam sejak terbentuknya bumi. Namun makhluk hidup produsen primer (tumbuhan), konsumen (hewan dan manusia) dan pengurai (mikroba) dapat hidup di bumi bahkan tumbuh berkembang. Bahkan perkembangan manusia meningkatkan keragaman bahan berbahaya dan beracun dan meskipun ada makhluk hidup yang punah namun secara umum kehidupan terus berlanjut. Mengapa makhluk hidup dapat hidup berkelanjutan meskipun lingkungannya terdapat bahan beracun dan berbahaya?.Cukup banyak referensi ilmiah memberikan jawabnya melalui berbagai dasar teori dan prakteknya. Namun, buku ini memberikan jawab melalui kajian paparan kinetika zat di lingkungan dan dinamika zat dalam makhluk hidup disertai contoh kuantitatif yang langka. Dengan sengaja, indikator makhluk hidup didestruksi dengan zat berbahaya dan beracun untuk memperoleh batasan takaran zat yang tidak memberikan efek negatif bagi makhluk hidup. Metode destruksi makhluk hidup berikut interpretasi hasil uji toksisitas zat disajikan cukup memadai untuk tujuan tersebut, yang tidak mudah diperoleh dalam satu atau beberapa referensi
STUDI OPTIMASI TAKAKURA DENGAN PENAMBAHAN SEKAM DAN BEKATUL
Get PDFTeknik pengomposan keranjang takakura telah banyak digunakan oleh rumah tangga di berbagai kota-kota besar di Indonesia. Pada sisi operasional terdapat kendala meliputi menurunnya efektifitas kinerja penguraian sampah organik sehingga sering terjadi kegagalan proses. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu cara sederhana dalam meningkatkan kinerja porses pengomposan metode takakura. Secara garis besar, tahapan penelitian dibagi menjadi tahap persiapan, tahap pengomposan, dan tahap
pengolahan data. Penambahan sekam dan bekatul divariasikan ke dalam lima kotak keranjang. Inokulum dalam komposter yang digunakan diambil dari keranjang milik mayarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan sekam dan bekatul pada variasi
3. 4, dan 5 belum menunjukkan hasil signifikan dalam meningkatkan kinerja inokulum seperti kotak 1. Temperatur inokulum baru masih di atas temperatur variasi/kotak yang
lain. Hal ini disebabkan pada inokulum baru dimungkinkan masih terdapat mikroorganisme aktif serta sisa makanan dan sirkulasi udara yang baik. Namun jika dibandingkan satu persatu, penambahan sekam dan bekatul mampu menaikkan temperatur pada awal penelitian dibanding kotak 2 pada rata-rata proses. Penambahan bekatul dan sekam menyebabkan peningkatan rasio C/N. Namun, peningkatan rasio C/N tidak serta merta membuat kotak 2, 3, dan 4 memiliki proses degradasi yang lebih baik
daripada inokulum baru yang ditandai dengan temperatur. Kandungan Karbon, Nitrogen, Phospor, dan Rasio C/N keseluruhan kompos matang telah memenuhi standar dalam
SNI 19-7030-2004, standar internasional, dan Departemen Pertanian, tetapi masih belum sesuai dengan standar Departemen Pertanian dan PT. PUSRI
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