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    Early cardiovascular prevention: the crucial role of nurse-led intervention

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    : The present comment on Qiu's work intends to emphasize two points: (1) Cardiovascular prevention must start early due to the progressive nature of atherosclerosis. (2) growing evidence that coaching performed by nurses leads to effective results. Nurses can intercept the young population who must be sensitized and educated about prevention

    Stress and cardiovascular risk burden after the pandemic: current status and future prospects

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    Introduction: The recent COVID-19 pandemic has induced an increase in anxiety, stress and depression in the world population, prompting a re-evaluation of these well-known risk factors on cardiovascular burden. Areas covered: This short report analyzes the impact of the pandemic on stress and depression, highlighting how the phenomenon has particularly affected women and highlights the strategies that can be undertaken after the pandemic to reduce stress and depression. We have analyzed the pandemic because it has completely changed the scenario of cardiovascular risk factors with an important increase in socio-economic stressors. Expert opinion: It is still difficult to assess the damage produced on cardiovascular risk just as it is almost impossible to predict how the overwhelming and important increase in Long-Covid Syndromes will impact the population. Strong action is needed to support critical situations and to implement social campaigns aimed at restoring healthy lifestyles. Physical activity can be an easy and inexpensive tool to help cope with stress and depression

    Relationships between time of day and variation of blood pressure response to aerobic exercise

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    Aim: Physical exercise is widely used in primary and secondary prevention of hypertension. National and international guidelines recommend type, frequency, intensity, duration and energy expenditure of exercise, but suggest nothing about the time of day for exercise. This study investigated blood pressure response during aerobic exercise and 30 min of recovery according to time of day. Methods: Twenty-eight sedentary male university students (25±2 yrs) underwent a physical fitness examination before entering the study. Subjects took part in 3 training sessions scheduled 1 week apart at 3 different times of day (9.30 AM; 2 PM; and 6.30 PM). Training was performed on a Recumbent Bike. Each session consisted of 10 min of warm-up at 55%HRmax, 35 min at 70%HRmax, 5 min of cool-down, followed by 30 min of recovery while sitting on the bike. Blood pressure and ratings of perceived exertion were measured during training; during recovery, blood pressure only was measured. Results: ANOVA for repeated measures showed a best trend of diastolic blood pressure during training and recovery when exercise was performed at 6.30 PM. Ratings of perceived exertion were higher during the morning session. No differences were noted for in systolic blood pressure trends. Conclusions. Early evening physical exercise seems to optimize its positive effect on the reduction of diastolic blood pressure
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