179,198 research outputs found
Economic Growth, International Competitiveness and Environmental Protection: R&D and Innovation Strategies with the WARM Model
No full textIt is often argued that policies designed to protect the environment may harm economic growth. Moreover, if introduced unilaterally by a given country, they may reduce the competitiveness of domestic firms. These arguments are generally based on the assumption that environmental protection has to be achieved through the introduction of emission charges (e.g. a carbon tax). However, three issues need to be raised: first, the tax is not the only policy instrument-and is not the most efficient one-that can be used to reduce polluting emissions; secondly, even when a tax policy is implemented, it is important to assess the feedback effects induced by recycling the tax revenue; thirdly, and most importantly, the role of technical progress cannot be neglected. Therefore, there may exist a policy mix that provides firms with the correct incentives to adopt energy-saving technologies and to invest in environment-friendly R & D. The first two issues have partly been explored both in the theoretical and empirical literature. The third issue, i.e. the role of incentives to technical progress, still lacks adequate quantitative assessment. This is why a new model has been developed which endogenizes technical progress and its effects and feedbacks on economic, energy and environmental variables. Using WARM, an econometric general equilibrium model for the European Union and for each member country, this paper presents simulation results up to 2015 of the effects of some industrial-environmental policies which are aimed at protecting the environment without necessarily damaging competitiveness and economic growth. The results show that policies that stimulate environmental R & D, technological innovation and diffusion may provide firms with the correct incentives to avoid damaging the environment, while preserving their competitiveness in the market. Moreover, such a policy, based both on R & D subsidies and on innovation incentives, may not worsen the public-sector budget balance, as a result of the positive effects on economic growth
Economic Impacts of Climate Change in Italy and the Mediterranean: Updating the Evidence
No full textThis study presents new estimates of economic impacts of climate change for Italy and other countries, obtained with a full-fledged Integrated Assessment Model (ENVISAGE), developed at the World Bank. This model is qualitatively superior to other models used in the past for the same purpose. It is found out that climate change is expected to reduce the Italian GDP in 2050, with respect to a reference baseline, by -0.31%. This figure is about two times higher than previous estimates. Declining tourism demand is the main driver of negative effects on GDP, as Italy would become less attractive as a tourist destination. By the end of the century, however, Italy would also experience severe losses in agricultural production, due to increased temperature and reduced water availability. Even if Italy will notably be affected by climate change, in the absence of any mitigation or adaptation effort, other countries in the Mediterranean will experience larger economic impacts. This is the case of Spain and Middle East – North Africa
Stelis purpurascens A. Rich. & Galeotti
No full textStelis purpurascens A.Rich. & Galeotti, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., 3, 3: 18. 1845. Voucher: L.O. Williams & A. Molina R. 10717 (EAP).Published as part of Vega, Hermes, Cetzal-Ix, William, Mó, Edgar, Romero-Soler, Katya J. & Basu, Saikat K., 2022, An Updated Checklist of the Orchidaceae of Honduras, pp. 1-80 in Phytotaxa 562 (1) on page 74, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.562.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/707369
Brassavola appendiculata A. Rich. & Galeotti
No full textBrassavola appendiculata A.Rich. & Galeotti, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 3: 23. 1845. Voucher: L.O. Willams & A. Molina R. 18968 (EAP).Published as part of Vega, Hermes, Cetzal-Ix, William, Mó, Edgar, Romero-Soler, Katya J. & Basu, Saikat K., 2022, An Updated Checklist of the Orchidaceae of Honduras, pp. 1-80 in Phytotaxa 562 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.562.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/707369
R&D in Cleaner Technology and International Trade
No full textWe consider a dynamic three-stage game played by two regulator-firm hierarchies to capture the scale and technological effects of opening markets to international trade. Each firm produces one good sold on the market. Firms can invest in R&D in order to lower their fixed emission/output ratio and are regulated with costly public funds. We take the context of sufficiently high market sizes and investment cost parameters. Opening markets to international trade yields more investment in R&D, more production and a lower emission ratio. When the market size is low enough and the investment cost parameter is high enough, pollution in common market is higher than in autarky. International trade reduces the social welfare.R&D, Cleaner technology, Common market, Social welfare
Moduli of -covers of curves: geometry and singularities
No full textIn a recent paper Chiodo and Farkas described the singular locus and the
locus of non-canonical singularities of the moduli space of level curves. In
this work we generalize their results to the moduli space of curves with a -cover for any finite group . We show that
non-canonical singularities are of two types: -curves, that is singularities
lifted from the moduli space of stable curves, and
-curves, that is new singularities entirely characterized by the dual graph
of the cover. Finally, we prove that in the case , the -locus is
empty, which is the first fundamental step in evaluating the Kodaira dimension
of .Comment: 36 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1504.0056
'Democracy and the public machinery: the case of the headless Leviathan’
No full textCambridge University Pres
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