581 research outputs found
“In assenza di lotte ideologiche, la vita del Partito cesserebbe": I dibattiti interni al Partito comunista cinese negli anni 1920-1927
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The present essay deals with the early history of the CCP (1920-1927), analyzing notably the long and not linear formation process of the party machine, from the local groups and study societies still linked to the May Fourth Movement up to the political cells, which became a more suitable organizational form for a mass party. Following Arif Dirlik and Hans van de Ven’s groundbreaking studies, this text argues that the genesis of the CCP as a fully developed Marxist-Leninist organization took years and went through countless inner debates; those lively disputes prove also the existence of a pluralist principle hidden in the seemingly monolithic structure of the party. After a hundred years, it may be worth exploring how the CCP was shaped at the beginning and how much room for open discussions and dissent there was, also in order to make a comparison with today.Il presente saggio si occupa dei primi anni della storia del Partito Comunista Cinese (1920-1927) e in particolare analizza la traiettoria lunga e non lineare che ha dato vita alla forma partito, a partire dai gruppi locali e dalle società di studio ancora legati all'epoca del Quattro Maggio sino alle cellule vere e proprie, che divenirono la forma organizzativa più adatta per un partito di massa. Seguendo i pionieristici studi di Arif Dirlik e Hans van de Ven, in quest'articolo si sostiene che il Pcc divenne l'organizzazione marxista-leninista a tutti nota solo dopo anni e dopo infiniti dibattiti interni; tali dispute testimoniano peraltro l'esistenza di un principio pluralistico presente nella struttura apparentemente monolitica della macchina partitica. Può valere la pena, ora che è trascorso un secolo, esplorare il processo attraverso cui si formò il Pcc e verificare i margini di dibattito e di dissenso che c'erano allora, anche per una valutazione comparativa rispetto all'oggi.  
“Gathering Vetch” by Lu Xun Renarrating History, Between Orality and Writing
No full textThe present article focuses on a short story written by Lu Xun in 1935, «Gathering Vetch», later included in Gushi Xinbian (Old Tales Retold). In this text the author has been faithful to the official biography of the two legendary hermits Boyi and Shuqi, as it was recorded by Sima Qian and commented by Confucius, while on the other hand he could not fail to contaminate it with his irreverent wit, as well as with a variety of unmistakably modern narrative devices. Through a close reading of this single work, the article aims at analyzing Lu Xun’s ambivalent yet vital relationship with the Chinese tradition and folklore; it shows how the writer mingled the most authoritative historical texts (zhengshi) with the unofficial history (yeshi) and oral culture. This mixture between orality and the sacred written word of the Classics was not intended to demystify the canon for the sheer pleasure of it; rather, as this article tries to prove, Lu Xun engaged in a profound and radical rethinking of the Chinese past by retelling it in a new way
Chinese Internationalism during the Spanish Civil War
No full textThe present essay deals with internationalism in the Chinese revolution, in particular during the second half of the 1930s, when in the West the Spanish civil war broke out and became a crucial testing ground for the international anti-fascist forces, while in China the Communist Party was combating the Japanese occupation. The text is divided into three parts, each of which tries to address a different expression of Chinese internationalism. The first section analyzes the role played by this ideal in Mao’s thought, his eulogy of Norman Bethune and his vision of the ‘internationalist spirit’. The second section focuses on the Chinese contribution to the International Brigades: in fact, there were in Spain some groups of Chinese volunteers who had not been dispatched by the CCP and joined the front on a spontaneous basis. Their lives shed light on a lesser-known form of internationalism from below. In the final part, then, the text explores the anarchist perspective about the Spanish Civil War and the debate inside the CCP on the distinction between war and revolution
Developing multiagent systems: the Gaia Methodology
No full textSystems composed of interacting autonomous agents offer a promising software engineering approach for developing applications in complex domains. However, this multiagent system paradigm introduces a number of new abstractions and design/development issues when compared with more traditional approaches to software development. Accordingly, new analysis and design methodologies, as well as new tools, are needed to effectively engineer such systems. Against this background, the contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we synthesize and clarify the key abstractions of agent-based computing as they pertain to agent-oriented software engineering. In particular, we argue that a multiagent system can naturally be viewed and architected as a computational organization, and we identify the appropriate organizational abstractions that are central to the analysis and design of such systems. Second, we detail and extend the Gaia methodology for the analysis and design of multiagent systems. Gaia exploits the aforementioned organizational abstractions to provide clear guidelines for the analysis and design of complex and open software systems. Two representative case studies are introduced to exemplify Gaia’s concepts and to show its use and effectiveness in different types of multiagent system
Comparative experimental approach to investigate the thermal behaviour of vertical greened façades of buildings
No full textGreening the building envelope is not a new concept, however it has not been fully approved as an energy saving method for the built environment. Vertical green can provide a cooling potential on the building surface, as plants are functioning as a solar filter and prevent the adsorption of heat radiation of building materials extensively. In this study a comparative thermal analysis of vertical green attached to a façade element is presented. An experimental set up (stationary conditions) has been developed to measure the temperature gradient through a reference cavity wall, in order to quantify the contribution of vegetation to the thermal behaviour of the building envelope. The results show temperature differences between the bare wall and between the different vertical greening systems analysed, up to 1.7 °C for the direct greening system and 8.4 °C for the living wall system based on planter boxes after 8 h of heating for summer conditions, due to the different “material” layers involved. However, the insulation material of the bare wall moderates the prevailing temperature difference between the outside and inside climate chamber, resulting in no temperature difference for the interior climate chamber for summer conditions.Materials and Environmen
L’AMICO DI GELLIO (E DI ALTRI AMICI): su "Le Muse in gioco" di Giorgio Bernardi Perini
No full textThis paper carefully examines the rich book that Giorgio Bernardi Perini
aims to present as «his farewell work». The author has collected his verse
translations of Latin works that frequently feature as art re-writings of
ancient originals. As well as such «sovrascritture», or «overwritings» as Bernardi
Perini himself defines them, the collection shows occasional poems and
short memoirs linked to some of the most relevant friend relations the writer
has had throughout a culturally committed life. The review high-lights some
of the most refined and poetical features that make the work not just a
farewell but the first of new contributions that will make our relationship
with the past more valuable and richer in humanity
Le limitazioni all’iscrizione a partiti politici per i magistrati e le sue rationes: tra imparzialità della magistratura e militanza della politica
No full textIl saggio esamina la norma della Costituzione italiana (art. 98, comma 3) che permette di limita- re l’iscrizione ai partiti politici da parte dei magistrati, cercando di individuarne le rationes. Oltre alla tutela dell’imparzialità del giudice, nella duplice accezione di essere e apparire imparziali, si tenta di argomentare l’esistenza di altra finalità, diretta alla tutela non dell’ordine giudiziario, ma bensì della stessa politica e dei partiti.The essay examines art. 98 of the Italian Constitution which allows legislation to limit membership in political parties by judges. This limitation is commonly understood as a tool to protect impartiality, in both senses of being and appearing impartial. The author argues for the existence of another purpose: the protection of politics itself and of the political parties
Circostanze, politica e storia
No full textLa ricerca di Wang Hui nell'opera "Il sorgere del pensiero cinese moderno" ("Zhongguo xiandai sixiang de xingqi", 4 voll. Beijing Sanlian Shudian, 2005, 1600 pp.) è stata salutata a livello internazionale come una svolta che rinnova profondamente gli studi sulla storia intellettuale cinese moderna e sulle condizioni che hanno permesso alla cultura, all'economia e alla politica cinese di assumere negli ultimi decenni una rilevanza mondiale. Il saggio, che ricostruisce l'itinerario intellettuale e politico dell'autore e ne discute estesamente le prospettive di ricerca e i principali nodi teorici, è stato pubblicato come presentazione dell'edizione italiana di un volume in cui è tradotta la lunga Introduzione (circa 200 pagine) di Wang Hui alla sua opera maggior
Sea-level rise along the Emilia-Romagna coast (Northern Italy) in 2100: scenarios and impacts
No full textAs a consequence of climate change and land subsidence, coastal zones are
directly impacted by sea-level rise. In some particular areas, the effects on
the ecosystem and urbanisation are particularly enhanced. We focus on the
Emilia-Romagna (E-R) coastal plain in Northern Italy, bounded by the Po river
mouth to the north and by the Apennines to the south. The plain is
∼ 130 km long and is characterised by wide areas below mean sea
level, in part made up of reclaimed wetlands. In this context, several
morphodynamic factors make the shore and back shore unstable. During next
decades, the combined effects of land subsidence and of the sea-level rise as
a result of climate change are expected to enhance the shoreline instability,
leading to further retreat. The consequent loss of beaches would impact the
economy of the region, which is tightly connected with tourism
infrastructures. Furthermore, the loss of wetlands and dunes would threaten
the ecosystem, which is crucial for the preservation of life and the
environment. These specific conditions show the importance of a precise
definition of the possible local impacts of the ongoing and future climate
variations. The aim of this work is the characterisation of vulnerability in
different sectors of the coastal plain and the recognition of the areas in
which human intervention is urgently required. The Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) sea-level scenarios are
merged with new high-resolution terrain models, current data for local
subsidence and predictions of the flooding model in_CoastFlood in
order to develop different scenarios for the impact of sea-level rise
projected to year 2100. First, the potential land loss due to the combined
effect of subsidence and sea-level rise is extrapolated. Second, the increase
in floodable areas as a result of storm surges is quantitatively determined.
The results are expected to support the regional mitigation and adaptation
strategies designed in response to climate change
Greening the building envelope, facade greening and living wall systems
No full textMaterials and Environmen
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