1,721,038 research outputs found
Replication Data for: Influences of Social Distancing and attachment styles on the strength of the Halo Effect
No full textThe Halo Effect is a widely studied phenomenon that interests multiple disciplines. The relationship between Aesthetics Appearance and perceived Trustworthiness has especially gathered the attention of social scientists. While experimental works compared the strength of the Halo Effect in different situations (e.g. different genders’ faces), little is known about the stability of the Halo. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we have been urged to distance ourselves from others. Similar suggestions may alter the relationship between Aesthetic Appearance and Perceived Trustworthiness. Moreover, previous works reported that individuals’ attachment styles affected their emotional responses to the pandemic. Individuals’ attachment styles may influence the magnitude of change of the Halo. Here we investigate how priming (Social Distancing or Contact with others) affects the strength of the Halo Effect, with respect to individuals’ attachment styles. Participants (N = 298) rated the Aesthetics and Perceived Trustworthiness of strangers’ faces (N = 96) presented twice, before and after the presentation of a prime. Results revealed that individuals’ attachment styles affect the strength of the Halo. However, we found no evidence supporting the fact that different attachment styles lead to differences in the magnitude of changes after priming. Results help shed light on how attachment styles influence individuals’ impression formation
Replication Data for: Hacking Trust: The Presence of Faces on Automated TellerMachines (ATMs) Affects Trustworthiness
No full textTrustworthiness is a core concept that drives individuals’ interaction with others, as well with objects and digital interfaces. The perceived trustworthiness of strangers from the evaluation of their faces has been widely studies in social psychology; however, little is known about the possibility of transferring trustworthiness from human faces to other individuals, objects or interfaces. In this study, we explore how the perceived trustworthiness of automated teller machines (ATMs) is influenced by the presence of faces on the machines, and how the trustworthiness of the faces themselves is transferred to the machine. In our study, participants (N = 57) rated the trustworthiness of ATMs on which faces of different age, gender, and ethnicity are placed. Subsequently, the trustworthiness of the ATMs is compared to the trustworthiness ratings of faces presented on their own. Results of our works support the idea that faces’ trustworthiness can be transferred to objects on which faces are presented. Moreover, the trustworthiness of ATMs seems to be influenced by the age of presented faces, with ATMs on which children faces are presented are trusted more than the same machines when adults’ or elders’ faces are presented, but not by the ethnicity (Asian or Caucasian) or gender (male or female) of presented faces
Replication data for: Liking versus Aesthetic Appearance: is there a difference in Perceived Trustworthiness?
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Replication Data for: Reduced Perceived Trustworthiness during face mask-wearing
No full textTo curb the diffusion of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) governments worldwide have introduced different policies, including lockdowns, social distancing, and mandatory mask-wearing. Face-mask wearing especially has an impact on the formation of first impressions, given that when meeting someone for the first time, individuals rely on the only available piece of information, the newly met person's Aesthetic Appearance, in order to make initial estimations of other traits, such as Competence, Intelligence, or Trustworthiness. However, face mask-wearing affects the Aesthetic Appearance of an individual, creating uncertainty, which in turn has been reported to reduce others' perceived trustworthiness.
In this paper, the influence of face-mask wearing on strangers' Perceived Trustworthiness and Aesthetic Appearance is assessed, to verify the impact of this policy on impression formation. Participants (N = 71) have been instructed to assess the Trustworthiness and the Aesthetic Appearance of a selection of 96 images, depicting individuals of different age (children, adults, and older adults), gender (men and women), and ethnicity (Asians or Caucasians). Participants were randomly divided in two groups: an experimental group and a control group. Participants in the experimental group (N = 38) rated faces of individuals wearing a face mask, while participants in the control group rated the same faces but in the absence of a face mask. Images were presented in random order. For each face, participants were asked to rate the Aesthetic Appearance and Perceived Trustworthiness of the stranger, on two different 100 points Likert scales. Results demonstrate that (i) the correlation between Perceived Trustworthiness and Aesthetic Appearance is not affected by the presence of a face mask, and (ii) Age but not Ethnicity and Gender influence the magnitude of differences in Perceived Trustworthiness levels during mask-wearing
Related Data for: Assessing mothers’ post-partum depression from their infants’ cry vocalizations
No full textPostpartum depression (PPD) is a condition that affects up to the 15% of mothers in high-income countries, reduces attention toward the needs of the child, which is among the first causes of infanticide. PPD is usually identified using self-report measures and therefore the diagnosis may not always be valid. Previous studies highlighted the presence of significant differences in the acoustical properties of the vocalizations of children of depressed and healthy mothers. In this study, cry episodes of infants of depressed and non-depressed mothers are analyzed to investigate the possibility that a machine learning model can identify PPD from the acoustical properties of infants' vocalizations. Acoustic features are first extracted from recordings of crying infants, then novel cloud-based artificial intelligence models are employed to identify maternal depression versus non depression from those features. Trained model shows that commonly adopted acoustical features to individuate Post-Partum Depressed mothers with very high accuracy (89.5%)
Replication Data for: Are cry studies replicable? An analysis of participants, setups, and methods adopted and reported in cry studies
No full textInfant cry is evolutionarily, psychologically, and clinically significant. During the last 60 years, several researchers and clinicians assessed the possibility of investigating the acoustical properties of cry for medical purposes. However, there is a lack of standardization in conducting and reporting cry-based studies. In this work, methodologies and procedures employed in infant cry analysis are reviewed, and best practices for reporting studies are provided. First, available literature on vocal and audio acoustic analysis have been examined to identify critical aspects of participant information, data collection, methods, and data analysis. Then, 180 peer-reviewed research articles have been assessed to certify the presence of identified critical information. Results show a general lack of critical description. Researchers in the field of infant cry need to agree on a standard set of criteria to report experimental studies, to better demonstrate the validity of the methods and obtained results
The Dynamics of Love, 2019
No full text681 participants, currently or previously involved in an exclusive romantic relationship, took part in our online studies where they were asked to draw, using a mouse or touchscreen device, how different components of their relationship (Trust, commitment, intimacy, passion, romance, friendship, common interests) changed from the beginning to the end of their relationship (or to the date of the experiment for current relationships).
The study was approved by the review board of the University of Trento
Related Data for: The interaction between serotonin transporter allelic variation and maternal care modulates sociability on Instagram
No full textHuman social interactions ensure recognition and approval from others, both in offline and online environments. This study applies a model from behavioural genetics on Instagram sociability to explore the impact of individual development on the behaviour on social networks.
We hypothesize that sociable attitudes on Instagram resulted from an interaction between serotonin transporter gene alleles and the individual's social relationship with caregivers. We assess environmental and genetic components of 57 Instagram users. The self-report questionnaire Parental Bonding Instrument is adopted to determine the quality of parental bonding. The number of posts, followed users ("followings"), and followers are collected from Instagram as measures of online social activity. Additionally, the ratio between the number of followers and followings ("Social Desirability Index") was calculated to estimate the asymmetry of each user's social network. Finally, buccal mucosa cell samples were acquired, and the polymorphism rs25531 (T/T homozygotes vs C-carriers) within the serotonin transporter gene was examined.
In the preliminary analysis, we identified a gender effect on the number of followings. In the main analysis, an effect of paternal care was also detected on the same variable. In line with our predictions, we specifically found a gene-environment interaction on the standardized Instagram "Social Desirability Index": users with the genotype more sensitive to environmental influences (T/T homozygotes) showed a higher Instagram "Social Desirability Index" than non-sensitive ones (C-carriers) when they experienced positive maternal care.
This result may contribute to the understanding of online social behaviour from a gene*environment perspective
Replication Data for: Cohabitation Enhances Couple’s Brain-to-Brain Synchrony to Infant Cry
No full textCohabitation is a state in which two people occupy a common living space. Cohabiting spouses with children are exposed to the same salient child signals (e.g., cry) and to each other within a shared environment. Past research has shown that child signals uniquely modify patterns of parental brain responses, but no study has so far investigated the role of cohabitation in influencing brain-to-brain coordination between parental dyads in response to child signals. Synchrony refers to the temporal matching of behavioural and physiological patterns of responses between partners. In this study, we measured brain-to-brain synchrony in four clusters of the prefrontal cortical (PFC) of 24 mother-father couples (N = 48) using functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS). Couples were exposed to infant cries in two conditions, either together (same room simultaneously) or separately (different room and staggered timing). To obtain an index of synchrony, the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm was applied to the fNIRS data. Couples who cohabited for longer periods of time exhibited greater synchrony in response to cry in the right frontal cluster regardless of whether their partner was present. This brain region maps to the right anterior PFC (BA10), middle frontal gyrus (BA46), and inferior frontal gyrus (BA47) which are responsible for attentional regulation and high-level processing of pain and affective prosody. Our findings suggest that longer duration of shared physical proximity synchronizes brain responses of mother and father pairs in response to salient infant cries. This result highlights the role of cohabitation in assisting coupled co-parenting responses
Replication Data for: fNIRS-QC: crowd-sourced creation of a dataset and machine learning model for fNIRS quality control
No full textReplication Data for: fNIRS-QC: crowd-sourced creation of a dataset and machine learning model for fNIRS quality contro
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