331 research outputs found
The secondary stress at the details of orthotropic bridge decks induced by thermal gradient under solar radiation
No full textTo investigate the secondary stress of orthotropic steel decks (OSD) induced by thermal gradient in steel box girders, the temperature field of the steel box girder of a self-anchored suspension bridge is measured under high environmental temperature and strong solar radiation. The vertical temperature gradient is fitted based on the measured maximum temperature difference between the roof and the floor. After establishing the sectional box girder model in ANSYS with the measured temperature applied on the box-girder surface, the temperature field in the sectional model is obtained. The temperature results on the floor beam agree well with the measured temperature, which validate the thermal analysis. Based on the simulated 24 h temperature field, the thermal stress field in the sectional box girder is first analyzed. Refined stress results are obtained based on a sub-model technology. The thermal stress time histories are determined at the four details around rib-to-floor beam (RF) connection and the cutout detail. It is found that, under strong solar radiation and high environmental temperature, the transverse temperature difference in the steel-deck box girder is not apparent, while the vertical thermal gradient is significant and can be fitted as a four-broken-line function with the maximum temperature difference lower than that of the Eurocode. Significant stress concentration appears at the details of the OSD, particularly at the cutout detail. The cutout detail will be fatigue-free if the thermal stress range resulting from the vertical temperature under solar radiation is considered, or if the stress range resulting from the truck loading is considered. The stress range at the cutout detail, which is jointly produced by the thermal effect of the vertical temperature and by the truck loading, is larger than the constant-amplitude fatigue limit and may contribute to the fatigue crack at the cutout detail
Hydrophobic Targeting Ligand Modified Polyethyleneimine for Hepatic Cancer Gene Therapy
No full text<p>Mingzhuo Cao <sup>1,2*</sup>, Yong Gao <sup>3</sup>, Mengling Zhan<sup>2</sup>, Nasha Qiu <sup>1</sup>, Ying Piao<sup>1</sup>, Zhuxian Zhou<sup>1</sup>, Youqing Shen <sup>1</sup></p>
<p><sup>1</sup> Center for Bio-nanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;</p>
<p><sup>2</sup> Scientific Research and Experimental Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450058, China.</p>
<p><sup>3</sup> Henan province food and drug Administration, Food and Drug Evaluation and Inspection Center, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.</p>
<p><strong>*</strong> Corresponding Author: Mingzhuo Cao, E-mail: <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p>
Water requirement for biorefinery to meet the renewable fuel standard in the contiguous United States
No full textRenewable biofuel production requires a considerable amount of water for biofuel conversion. However, it is still unclear how much water is needed in the Contiguous United States (CONUS) to convert feedstocks to biofuels and the associated impacts on local water availabilities. This study addresses this issue with the most up-to-date data of feedstock, water availability, and water requirements for biorefinery technologies. The multi-faceted nature of biofuel development, including feedstock production, water availability, transportation cost, biorefinery capacity, and biorefinery benefits and costs, is addressed through the delineation of a basic analysis unit: biorefinery planning boundary (RPB). The result suggests the total biorefinery water use in 2030 accounts for less than 0.01% of the total water availability in the CONUS. However, local water issues are found, especially in the Great Plains RPBs where biorefinery would consume up to 100% of the local water availabilities. This high level of water consumption shows possible pressures on local water use, water infrastructure, and water price. If a constraint on water consumption is imposed for biorefineries, up to 1.2 billion Gallon/year cellulosic biofuel production (7.5% of the renewable fuel standard mandated amount) will be affected. The total affected cellulosic biofuel production correlates strongly with the water use constraint when the biomass price is higher than $50/dry ton (dt), but such correlation diminishes as the biomass price becomes lower. Findings from this study will be beneficial for the sustainable planning of biofuel production.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2023-08-01The student, Ximin Piao, accepted the attached license on 2021-07-08 at 15:42.The student, Ximin Piao, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2021-07-08 at 15:44.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2021-07-11 at 08:58.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #16809 on 2022-01-12 at 13:04:13Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-12T22:55:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Luan shi jia ren.
No full text王光鼐編劇.據美國密西爾的《飄》改編.Play.Wang Guangnai bian ju.Ju Meiguo Mixier de "Piao" gai bian
Zai zhong he piao yi ya suo shi yan zhong de mai chong chang du suo jian yu zai shi yan ceng mian shang de li zi shu zong xiang can shu de tao lun
No full textShih, Kai = 在中和漂移壓縮實驗中的脈衝長度縮減與在實驗層面上的粒子束縱向參數的討論 / 師愷.Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2014.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-96).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 27, September, 2016).Shih, Kai = Zai zhong he piao yi ya suo shi yan zhong de mai chong chang du suo jian yu zai shi yan ceng mian shang de li zi shu zong xiang can shu de tao lun / Shi Kai
SensiMix: Sensitivity-Aware 8-bit index & 1-bit value mixed precision quantization for BERT compression
No full text© 2022 Piao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Given a pre-trained BERT, how can we compress it to a fast and lightweight one while maintaining its accuracy? Pre-training language model, such as BERT, is effective for improving the performance of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, heavy models like BERT have problems of large memory cost and long inference time. In this paper, we propose SENSIMIX (Sensitivity-Aware Mixed Precision Quantization), a novel quantizationbased BERT compression method that considers the sensitivity of different modules of BERT. SENSIMIX effectively applies 8-bit index quantization and 1-bit value quantization to the sensitive and insensitive parts of BERT, maximizing the compression rate while minimizing the accuracy drop. We also propose three novel 1-bit training methods to minimize the accuracy drop: Absolute Binary Weight Regularization, Prioritized Training, and Inverse Layer-wise Fine-tuning. Moreover, for fast inference, we apply FP16 general matrix multiplication (GEMM) and XNOR-Count GEMM for 8-bit and 1-bit quantization parts of the model, respectively. Experiments on four GLUE downstream tasks show that SENSIMIX compresses the original BERT model to an equally effective but lightweight one, reducing the model size by a factor of 8× and shrinking the inference time by around 80% without noticeable accuracy drop.N
Development and characterizations of MWCNT@TiO2 core-shell nanocomposites for photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide under visible light irradiation
No full textCarbon dioxide (CO2) emission is one of the most well-known causes of global warming. Conversion of CO2 into useful chemical products in a process such as photocatalytic reduction is deemed as an attractive approach in permanently sequestrating CO2 from its emission source. Photocatalytic reaction applies the concept of radical-chain reactions in which proton and anion radicals are formed from electron (e-) and proton (h+) transfer between metal oxide photocatalysts and the reactants. This work demonstrated the synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)@titanium dioxide (TiO2) core-shell nanocomposites using a newly developed simple coating approach. UV-vis analysis revealed that the photoactivity of the nanocomposites in visible light range was significantly enhanced by the addition of visible light inducible MWCNTs. The MWCNT@TiO2 core-shell nanocomposites exhibited excellent activities for converting CO2 into methane, ethylene and ethane in a continuous process under a low power visible light irradiation at atmospheric pressure. Photoluminescence analysis revealed that the inhibition of electron-hole pair recombination was greater with the increase in MWCNT loading, indicating that the presence of MWCNTs in the nanocomposites enhanced the electron transfer and reduced the electron-hole pair recombination rates. The core-shell structures with mixed-phase of anatase-rutile shell layer were obtained from thermal treatment in the temperature range of 300-700oC for the durations of 2-6h. The various anatase-rutile crystal compositions greatly influenced the visible light absorption band-edge. The MWCNT@TiO2 was further enhanced with the addition of transition metal oxide dopants which include, iron oxides (Fe2O3), copper oxides (CuO), nickel oxides (NiO), cobalt oxides (CoO) and zinc oxides (ZnO). Doping with visible-light-responsive metal oxides i.e. CuO, Fe2O3 significantly enhanced the photoreactivity of the MWCNT@TiO2 core-shell. The metal oxides could function as ‘charge-carrier traps’ that transport electrons from TiO2 through the heterojunction of the TiO2-metal oxides. Doping of MWCNT@TiO2 with plasmonic noble metal, i.e. silver (Ag) dopant, was found to greatly improve the CO2 photoreduction performance. 2wt% Ag-doped MWCNT@TiO2 was found to possess the best performance in CO2 reduction. The optimum reaction conditions that gave the maximum formation of methane, ethylene and ethane were determined to be at CO2 flowrate of 7.5mL/min, H2O:CO2 molar ratio of 0.11mol H2O/mol CO2, and under the irradiation with light intensity of 600μW/cm2. The maximum total formation of methane, ethylene and ethane formation under the optimum conditions were found to be ca. 4.50, 0.82, 5.75μmol/g-catalyst, respectively for an 8 h photoreduction reaction. Upon obtained the optimum conditions, the work continued on a simple kinetic study based on one-site Langmuir-Hinshelwood model
Dynamic Thermography Derived Perfusion as a Potential Tool for Evaluating Cutaneous Perfusion Changes in Response to Low-level-laser Irradiation
No full textThe objective of this study is to develop method for extracting cutaneous perfusion information from dynamic thermography, using an improved bio-heat transfer model for the initial application to study the responses of cutaneous perfusion to low level laser irradiation. The bio-heat transfer model developed in this study for dynamic thermography-derived perfusion employs the contributions of heat transfer due to blood circulation, which has been implemented in previous models, and a spatial Laplacian term accounting for heat changes due to conduction, which has been neglected by previous models. The model is applied to dynamic thermography imagery obtained at 23Hz of frame rate from cutaneous tissues of turtle subjects and human volunteers subjected to the same laser irradiation protocol of 20 seconds of irradiation between 20 seconds of idle time prior to and after the laser irradiation. The proposed method yields stable results over all 6 sets of human data with a perfusion range similar to that estimated from other cited works whereas the other models falter for 3 or more sets of data. For turtle data the perfusion pattern is similar to that by the other models attributable to the low changes in heat conduction pertaining to their thermoregulation mechanism. The algorithm is being implemented in a Graphical-User-Interface (GUI) for the clinical testing by physicians.Electrical Engineerin
Analysis of the bipolarity and the meaning of Chinese Jiangnan as a Symbolic palce in Heungbuga
No full textDivergence of climate impacts on maize yield in Northeast China
No full textNortheast China (NEC), the most productive maize growing area in China, has experienced pronounced climate change. However, the impacts of historical climate changes on maize production and their spatial variations remain uncertain. In this study, we used yield statistics at prefecture scale over the past three decades, along with contemporary climate data, to explore the yield-climate relationship and its spatial variations. At the regional scale, maximum and minimum temperature changes had opposite impacts on maize yield, which increased by 10.0 +/- 7.7% in response to a 1 degrees C increase in growing season mean daily minimum temperature (T-min), but decreased by 13.4 +/- 7.1% in response to a 1 degrees C increase in growing season mean daily maximum temperature (T-max). Variations in precipitation seemed to have small impacts on the maize yield variations (-0.9 +/- 5.2%/100 mm). However, these responses of maize yield to climate variations were subject to large spatial differences in terms of both the sign and the magnitude. similar to 30% of the prefectures showed a positive response of maize yield to rising T-max, which was in contrast to the negative response at the regional scale. Our results further indicate that the spatial variations in the yield response to climate change can be partly explained by variations in local climate conditions. The growing season mean temperature was significantly correlated with the response of maize yield to T-max (R= -0.67, P < 0.01), which changes from positive to negative when the growing season mean temperature exceeds 17.9 +/- 0.2 degrees C. Precipitation became the dominant climatic factor driving maize yield variations when growing season precipitation was lower than similar to 400 mm, but had a weaker influence than temperature over most of the study area. We conclude that, although NEC is a region spanning only more than one millions of kilometer squares, the divergence of the yield response to climatic variations highlights the need to analyze the yield-climate relationship at fine spatial scales. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Agriculture, MultidisciplinaryEcologyEnvironmental SciencesSCI(E)[email protected]
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