1,721,540 research outputs found
The internationalization of Academic Spin-Offs: Evidence from Italy
No full textDespite growing interest in academic spin-offs (ASOs), research has overlooked the determinants, strategies, and outcomes of their internationalization choices. In this chapter, we review existing literature on the topic of internationalization of ASOs, connecting it to international business and international entrepreneurship literature, identifying relevant theoretical and empirical knowledge gaps. We then carry out a descriptive investigation about the characteristics and internationalization patterns of ASOs in the Italian context, drawing on a survey on 120 companies. Based on the review and our results, we highlight research areas deserving future investigation
Process approach to academic entrepreneurship: evidence from the globe
No full textAcademic entrepreneurship is a hot topic that is drawing increasing attention from policymakers, university administrators, and the scientists who engage in it. By adopting a process view of academic entrepreneurship, in this book, we aim to contribute to the conversation on how to effectively commercialize university research. We collect evidence from twelve countries and three continents. We use both qualitative and quantitative research methods to illuminate how and to what extent entrepreneurship unfolds from universities worldwide
Public policy measures in support of knowledge transfer activities: a review of academic literature
Full text linkDespite the wealth of academic studies that analyze different policy measures and initiatives implemented by national or regional governments to support knowledge transfer from academia to industry, scant systematization efforts seek to integrate these disparate lines of research. The systematic review of academic studies on public policy measures in support of technology transfer presented by this article suggests a literature classification based on two dimensions: the type of policy measure analyzed, and the focus of the study (i.e., policy design vs. impact assessment). On the basis of this comprehensive review, we summarize the lessons learned thus far, identify research gaps that continue to limit insights into public policy measures for technology transfer, and highlight directions for further research
How intermediary organizations facilitate universityâindustry technology transfer: A proximity approach
No full textThe literature on universityâindustry (UâI) links has revealed many barriers that impede UâI technology transfer. A growing number of intermediary organizations, such as Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs), University Incubators (UIs), and Collaborative Research Centres (CRCs) have been established to mitigate such barriers. While the activities and effects of such intermediaries are frequently studied, conceptual understandings of how these organizations facilitate technology transfer are lacking. Our case study of nine Italian intermediary organizations shows that different types of intermediary organizations address the same fundamental issue of bridging the different logics of academia and industry in different ways. Based on a proximity approach, we develop a theoretical framework explaining how intermediary organizations can reduce cognitive, geographical, organizational, and social distance in UâI collaborations. Intermediary organizations address different proximity dimensions depending on the prior experience of academic and industrial actors and the nature of the knowledge that is transferred. In particular, TTOs focus more on improving cognitive and organizational dimensions, whereas UIs and CRCs attempt to reduce social and geographical distance
Supporting academic entrepreneurship: Cross-country evidence in Europe
No full textTTOs have been considered the most important instrument for universities to support and develop academic entrepreneurship. Various policies and instruments can be implemented by TTOs to support the commercialization of academic knowledge. We focus on factors such as TTOs' governance and their internal organization, the mission/ strategy underlying their activities, and the national and specific constrains under which they work to better understand the role of TTOs and the role of universities as facilitators (or inhibitors) of academic entrepreneurship. Using the data from a survey developed under the FinKT (Financing Knowledge Transfer in Europe) project, we provide evidence on the support that academic, European TTOs offer to academic entrepreneurship using a cross-country lens
Leaving the floor to the 'invisibles'. Barriers and resources for highly-skilled migrant women with a STEM background in Italy
No full textIn spite of increasing numbers of vacancies for highly skilled jobs in innovative sectors of the
economy, the migration patterns in Italy do not seem to provide an answer to these labor market
requests. In fact, while an increasing number of young talents leave the country, the highlyskilled
migrants that arrive are often discriminated against their qualifications. These patterns
are even stronger for highly skilled migrant women, in particular those with a STEM profile.
As testified by previous literature, much of their talent is wasted due to macro-, organizational-
, and individual-level barriers that prevent highly skilled migrant women finding a job that is
up to their qualification level and sector. Adopting an intersectionality approach, in this work
we illuminate the employability barriers that these women face in the STEM job market in Italy
and the resources available to them. We draw on extensive qualitative data gained from indepth
interviews and focus groups with women from different countries and STEM
qualifications. By highlighting the complexities of being a woman, a migrant, and a STEM
professional, we identify relevant areas for policy intervention to valorize migration in support
of innovation and labor outcomes in Italy and in other countries
A multi-country process-based approach to academic entrepreneurship
No full textAcademic entrepreneurship is a hot topic that is drawing increasing attention from policymakers, university administrators, and the scientists who engage in it. By adopting a process view of academic entrepreneurship, in this book, we aim to contribute to the conversation on how to effectively commercialize university research. We collect evidence from twelve countries and three continents. We use both qualitative and quantitative research methods to illuminate how and to what extent entrepreneurship unfolds from universities worldwide
The effects of university-level policies on women’s participation in academic patenting in Italy
Full text linkA growing stream of the academic literature has investigated the factors that hamper the participation of women researchers in patenting and commercialization activities; however, limited research has examined the policies that address these forms of the gender gap. In this paper, we explore whether the ownership arrangements of university patents and the presence of university-level support measures such as technology transfer offices and linkages with science and technology parks are positively associated with women’s involvement in academic patenting. We test our hypotheses on a sample of 2538 academic patents by Italian inventors in the period 1996–2007. The results of our analyses highlight a positive role of university policies in addressing the gender gap in technology transfer activities
- …
