1,721,071 research outputs found
Immunogenicity characterization of two α-gliadin peptides in ancient wheats.
No full textInternational Conference: FOODOMICS - A Science for nutrition, Health and Wellness in the Post-Genomic Er
The ancient durum wheat Graziella Ra (Triticum turgidum durum, Triticae) : a preliminary study
No full textFOODOMICS - A Science for nutrition, Health and Wellness in the Post-Genomic Er
Bio-genetic theories of ageing
Full text linkDuring the twentieth century, understanding of the significance and function of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, and core mechanisms of the cell as well as discovery of antibiotics and, consequently, increasing progress of pharmacology, have determined, especially in industrialized countries, a radical change in the conditions and duration of life. Currently, in Italy, the average life expectancy is 80.1 years for men and 84.7 years for women. Although these data (unthinkable 100 years ago) represent an extraordinary outcome, nevertheless, they also pose new social, health and economic challenges. In fact, since the improvement in life expectancy is necessarily associated with a significant increase in the incidence and prevalence of diseases typical of the elderly, the study of biological and physiological features of ageing may hopefully provide useful tools to give relief to the pathological and, eventually, painful aspects of old age. In this context, our review addresses the main theories of ageing: genetic, unbalanced homeostasis and cell damage theories. However, it should be stressed that these theories (in spite of their monistic attitude) do not exclude each other and that ageing and longevity are to be considered multifactorial and very likely modulated by a combination of endogenous and exogenous factors, even if with some elements bearing more importance than others. Moreover, although organisms resemble in many ways, living systems are very heterogeneous and the maximum lifespan could even be determined by completely different factors in diverse species
Molecular characterization and comparative analysis of six durum wheat accessions including Graziella Ra.
No full textGenetic identity and relatedness of the durum wheat Graziella Ra, four Italian commercial durum cultivars (Cappelli, Grazia, Flaminio and Svevo) and Kamut were evaluated using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and α-gliadin gene sequence analysis. Our primary objective was to study molecular genetic diversity in such a set of wheats including three modern (Grazia, Flaminio and Svevo) and three older (Cappelli, Kamut and Graziella Ra) durum accessions. Specifically, we aimed at determining the relationship between the historic accession Graziella Ra and Kamut, which is considered an ancient relative of the durum subspecies. Obtained results revealed that (1) both AFLP and SSR molecular markers detected highly congruent patterns of genetic diversity among the accessions showing nearly similar efficiency; (2) for AFLPs, percentage of polymorphic loci within accession ranged from 6.57% to 19.71% (mean, 12.77%) and for SSRs, from 0% to 57.14% (mean, 28.57%); (3) principal component analysis of genetic distance among accessions showed the first two axes accounting for 58. 03% (for AFLPs) and 61.60% (for SSRs) of the total variability; (4) for AFLPs, molecular variance was partitioned into 80% (variance among accessions) and 20% (within accession) and for SSRs, into 73% (variance among accessions) and 27% (within accession); (5) cluster analysis of AFLPs and SSRs datasets displayed Graziella Ra and Kamut constantly grouped into the same cluster; and (6) molecular comparison of α-gliadin gene sequences showed Graziella Ra and Kamut in separate clusters. All these findings support the hypothesis that Graziella Ra and Kamut, although very similar, at least in the little part of the genome investigated by molecular markers employed in this study, might be considered as distinct accessions
Genetic diversity analysis of the durum wheat Graziella Ra, Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn. (Poales, Poaceae)
Full text linkFor the first time, the durum wheat Graziella Ra was compared to four Italian durum wheat varieties (Cappelli,Grazia, Flaminio and Svevo) and to Kamut in order to preliminary characterize its genome and to investigategenetic diversity among and within the accessions by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs),Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) and α-gliadin gene sequence analysis. The main aim of the study was anattempt to determine the relationship between the historic accession Graziella Ra and Kamut which isconsidered an ancient relative of the durum subspecies. In addition, nutritional factors of Graziella Ra werereported. Obtained results showed that (i) both AFLP and SSR molecular markers detected highly congruentpatterns of genetic diversity among the accessions showing nearly similar efficiency; (ii) for AFLPs,percentage of polymorphic loci within accession ranged from 6.57% to 19.71% (mean 12.77%) and, for SSRs,from 0% to 57.14% (mean 28.57%); (iii) principal component analysis (PCA) of genetic distance amongaccessions showed the first two axes accounting for 58.03% (for AFLPs) and 61.60% (for SSRs) of the totalvariability; (iv) for AFLPs, molecular variance was partitioned into 80% (variance among accessions) and 20%(within accession) and, for SSRs, into 73% (variance among accessions) and 27% (within accession); (v)cluster analysis of AFLP and SSR datasets displayed Graziella Ra and Kamut into the same cluster; and (vi)molecular comparison of α-gliadin gene sequences showed Graziella Ra and Kamut in separate clusters. Allthese findings indicate that Graziella Ra, although being very similar to Kamut, at least in the little part of thegenome herein investigated by molecular markers, may be considered a distinct accession showing appreciablelevels of genetic diversity and medium-high nutritional qualities
Are Ancient Durum Wheats Less Toxic to Celiac Patients? A Study of α-Gliadin from Graziella Ra and Kamut
Full text linkIn the present paper, the controversial hypothesis suggesting ancient grains might show lower immunogenic properties and therefore the possibility to introduce them in the diet of wheat-sensitive people, including celiac patients, was investigated. The immunogenic potential of the ancient durum wheats Graziella Ra and Kamut was studied by comparison to the durum accessions Cappelli, Flaminio, Grazia and Svevo. Experiments were carried out with two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) raised against α-gliadin peptides p31–49 and p56–75 (the latter containing the overlapping DQ2-Glia-α1 and DQ2-Glia-α2 epitopes), toxic for celiac patients. For all accessions, a few α-gliadin alleles were also cloned, sequenced and translated into aminoacid sequences. Several aminoacid substitutions or deletions were detected in p31–49, DQ2-Glia-α1 and DQ2-Glia-α2 epitopes, nevertheless, ELISA constantly showed antibody-antigen positive reactions which led us to suggest that mAbs binding was not apparently affected by polymorphisms. Moreover, a few substitutions were also observed in DQ2-Glia-α3 and DQ8-Glia-α1 epitopes. Although some DQ2-Glia-α1 and DQ2-Glia-α2 variants evidenced herein were previously reported to have a diminished or abolished T cell stimulatory capacity, present results cannot confirm that ancient durum wheats would be less CD-toxic. In conclusion, we strongly advice celiac patients from consuming ancient wheats including Graziella Ra or Kamut
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