1,720,988 research outputs found
THE EFFECT OF EPL ON THE CONVERSION RATE OF TEMPORARY CONTRACTS INTOPERMANENT CONTRACTS: EVIDENCE FROM ITALY
No full textOvereducation and overskilling in the early careers of Ph.D. graduates: Does international migration reduce labor market mismatch?
No full textThis paper examines the effect of international mobility on the education-job mismatch of Ph.D. graduates while controlling for self-selection into cross-border mobility. Skilled migration flows have risen significantly over the past decades, with a sizable share of migrants being overeducated. Yet, in this broad context, the empirical literature has so far largely overlooked the specific case of doctorate recipients, as well as the extent to which their spatial mobility to international countries represents a strategy that reduces the risk of being mismatched. The empirical analysis uses individual-level data collected by ISTAT on the population of Italian Ph.D. recipients and shows that migration to foreign countries reduces considerably the risk of overeducation and overskilling. Results are robust to different methodologies and subsamples
Breaking the glass ceiling? The gender wage gap in research-oriented careers for PhD graduates
Full text linkThe study investigates the gender wage gap among PhD recipients in Italy, focusing on whether research-oriented jobs mitigate wage discrimination. Utilizing data from the Professional Integration Survey of PhDs, it employs quantile and Recentered Influence Function regressions to analyze wage disparities across the wage distribution. Findings reveal a persistent gender wage gap across all quantiles, with research jobs offering a wage premium that does not entirely close the gap. The analysis contributes to understanding the impact of occupational segregation and job types on wage disparities, suggesting policy interventions to address gender wage inequalities in academia and beyond. The paper highlights the need for further research and policy efforts to achieve gender parity in professional fields, particularly high-skilled sectors like private and public research entities
The gender wage gap among PhDs in Italy. Are research jobs a shield against wage discrimination?
No full textLabour flows and R&D: A quantile regression analysis
Full text linkDoes R&D affect hirings, separations or both? Different answers to this question imply different behavioural responses of firms to innovation. Using a sample of Italian manufacturing firms, this paper explores the effects of R&D intensity on hiring, separa- tion and churning rates. Based on quantile regression models, the results indicate that initial R&D intensity has a positive impact on subsequent hirings and churning and a negligible effect on separations. The results remain stable when the estimates are based on the two and three year averages of the labour flow rates and when we account for lagged R&D intensity, for different sub-periods and for an alternative measure of the hiring, separation and churning rates
Internal migration and wages of Italian university graduates
No full textIn this paper, we estimate wage gains due to geographic mobility of Italian university
graduates three years after graduation. By means of a matching procedure we quantify wage
premia associated with the choice of studying far from home, moving after graduation and
moving back home after graduation. We find evidence of large heterogeneity in the returns to
different migration patterns. The results show large gains for those who move after graduation
and smaller gains for those who migrate to study. Conversely, those who choose to go back home
after having studied in regions different from that of origin suffer small losses. Our findings are
robust to a finer definition of mobility and to the subsample of individuals originating from
the South
International mobility and wages: an analysis of Italian Ph.D. graduates
Full text linkFollowing a recent stream of research that focuses on the migration of high-skilled workers, this paper examines the wage performance of two cohorts of Italian Ph.D. graduates associated with international mobility. After controlling for the endogeneity of the migration decision, we find that labor mobility is associated with higher wages and that selection on unobservable traits is essential to address the issue of the returns to migration. Additionally, we do not find evidence of individual heterogeneity in the response of wages to migration. We also show that our results are always confirmed when we include two exclusion restrictions in the empirical model and when we restrict the analysis to different subpopulations
Differenziali Retributivi, Probabilità Occupazionali, Tracciati di Mobilità: un’applicazione ai Laureati Italiani
No full textBy showing the effects of geographic mobility for study and labour purposes, the aim of this study is to explain which are the main factors of earning differentials among graduates and to estimate the employment probability with relation to different Italian universities and different degree courses. In particular, the report aims at providing an estimate of the effects of geographic mobility on graduates' earning differentials and employment probabilities by comparing southern universities and those in other Italy's areas. In addition, in order to compare national results with local results, this report includes in the analysis a sub-sample of residents in southern regions. Focusing on territorial features and different academic offerings enables to outline incoming and outgoing mobility patterns, highlighting the effects of southern human capital migration towards North-Central regions' universities
The returns to temporary migration: The case of Italian Ph.D.s
No full textThis paper examines the implications of temporary migration episodes for two cohorts of Italian Ph.D.s. Special attention is given to the duration of experience abroad, its contribution to earned wages and the selectivity of returnees. After controlling for the endogeneity of both the migration decision and the length of stay abroad, we find positive returns to longer periods abroad and negative returns to shorter periods. Returnees are also found to be positively self-selected. The results are confirmed in several robustness and sensitivity checks
Trade Sides or Trade Modes: What Matters for Productivity Sorting of International Traders? Evidence from Latin American Countries - International Trade eJournal
No full textIn this paper, we complement the empirical evidence on the productivity sorting literature by considering different modes of import combined with different modes of export. Using the data of six Latin American countries, we test the first-order stochastic dominance to evaluate the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) differences among eight categories of traders. Our main result shows that, rather than the side, it is the mode of trade that matters. We show that the most productive firms choose to trade directly. In addition, firms that are both importers and exporters are more productive than firms active just on one side of the international market. Provided that the mode of trade is the same, firms that just import do not differ from those that just export. Similarly, we did not find a significant productivity difference between firms trading directly on one of the two trade sides and indirectly on the other. Thus, we concluded that direct two-way traders have the highest TFP, followed by direct one-way traders and then mixed two-way traders, indirect two-way traders, and, finally, indirect one-way traders
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