1,720,977 research outputs found
Semantic relevance, domain specificity and the sensory/functional theory of category-specificity
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Cognitive neuroscience and criminal justice: The contribution of neuropsychology to the assessment of criminal responsibility
No full textThe article explores the still underutilized potential of forensic neuropsychology in the assessment of criminal responsibility within Italian legal proceedings. Unlike the civil and medico-legal contexts, where neuropsychological testing is widely adopted, the penal system continues to rely almost exclusively on clinical interviews, which are highly subjective and show low inter-rater reliability. Through the use of neuropsychological tests, neuroimaging techniques, and genetic data, experts can obtain more accurate and reliable information regarding a defendant’s capacity to understand and will at the time of the offense. These capacities may be impaired by neurological or psychiatric conditions, potentially diminishing or even nullifying an individual’s accountability for the crime committed. Furthermore, the neuroscientific approach allows for more effective detection of malingering, thereby reducing the risk of judicial errors. The article concludes by advocating for a broader application of neuropsychology in Italian criminal proceedings, highlighting how its use – already well established in countries such as the United States and Canada – could enhance the accuracy of forensic evaluations and contribute to more equitable outcomes in criminal trials
Combined duloxetine and benzodiazepine-induced visual hallucinations in prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies
No full textObjective: We describe a patient with prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) presenting with drug-induced visual hallucinations (VHs). Case report: A 78-year-old woman complained of daytime recurrent VHs characterized by seeing her face and arms covered in fur and viewing moustaches on her daughter's face. VHs started a few days after the beginning of a combination therapy with duloxetine and lorazepam and ceased within 24 h after their discontinuation. Nonamnestic mild cognitive impairment with profound visual perception deficits and very mild extrapyramidal signs, with abnormal brain DaTscan single photon emission tomography, were present. Three years later, cognitive and neurological follow-up assessments supported the diagnosis of DLB. Conclusion: Perturbation of cerebral serotonergic tone induced by duloxetine, associated with reduced attentional control due to benzodiazepine use, may be the physiopathological substrate of transient VHs in prodromal DL
A predominance of category deficits for living things in Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia
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