1,721,077 research outputs found
Gloor P.-A. — Attitudes féminines devant la prévention des naissances.
No full textH. J. Gloor P.-A. — Attitudes féminines devant la prévention des naissances.. In: Population, 25ᵉ année, n°1, 1970. pp. 155-156
Selective memories favor Influentials
No full textSocial scientists have long been interested in understanding what makes some respondents more accurate observers of their own social networking behavior than others in recalling and reporting social network’s structure (Bernard et al. 1984, Freeman et al, 1987, Casciaro, 1998).
This study contributes to social network research on interpersonal perception accuracy, by focusing on the relationship between actors’ centrality and their ability to report accurately their own social interactions. We used network measures like actors’ betweenness centrality and degree centrality to identify the most prominent members.
This research was conducted within a graduate school of management that both educates students and undertakes research projects. Through seven web surveys, we gathered data on the frequency of interaction among members connected through telephone, chat, and face-to-face conversations. We conducted focused interviews with three senior managers to classify all network members according to three factors: trustworthiness, prestige, and contribution.
We applied an “internal measure of accuracy” by measuring the correlation between ego-perception and alter-perception. We found that actors involved on the same interaction attributed different values to the same interaction (Riji ≠ Rjij), which is referred to as a “non-reciprocity” type of misalignment (Krackhardt, 1987).
We found a positive correlation between actors’ centrality and their centrality as assessed by senior management, and a negative correlation between actors’ centrality and their accuracy in recalling interactions. These asymmetries suggest that underreporting social interactions may represent a third way of measuring the importance of members and finding the most influential ones
You are who remembers you. Detecting leadership through accuracy of recall
No full textWe measured interpersonal perception accuracy by focusing on the relationship between actors’ centrality and their ability to accurately report their social interactions. We used the network measures of actors’ betweenness centrality and degree centrality to identify the most prominent members by correlating ego-perception and alter-perception in a “non-reciprocity” type of misalignment. We found a positive correlation between actors’ centrality and their centrality as assessed by senior management, and a negative correlation between actors’ centrality and their accuracy in recalling interactions. Underreporting social interactions may represent a third way of measuring the importance of members and finding the most influential actors
Preliminary findings of Network analysis at SHARE and Swissnex
No full textWe measured the network-building capabilities of SHARE and Swissnex and the value of new network grown for CTI members through SHARE networking efforts.
Data collection was characterized as follows:
- 2 months of observation (March - May 2006).
- Two web-questionnaires sent out to 132 participants
- Quantitative data on interactions by F2F, Email, Phone/VoIP, LinkedIn/OpenBC and free comments on how to improve collaboration.
- In depth-interviews with 5-10 actors to understand the meaning of key business relationships
Predicting Team Performance through Leadership Behavior
No full textThis study provides a methodology to identify the characteristics of emergent leadership in a performing team.
It is based on an embedded case study analyzing seven project teams of a distributed learning community, whose members never met face-to-face, and were organized in virtual teams collaborating on common projects. The research setting was a course taught to Information Systems, MBA and PhD students coming from geographically distant universities.
We observed the communication behavior of 32 community’s members over four months by gathering their e-mail exchanges using a proxy e-mailbox for each project team.
The analysis was conducted on two dimensions: team performance and leadership characteristics. “Performance” was based on peer evaluation and the number of papers completed, presented at conferences or published in journals; “emergent leadership” was identified by looking at the evolution of actors’ betweenness centrality over time.
The results show that low and high performing teams are characterized by different patterns of the leaders’ behavior.
The high performing teams are the ones with a member having a constantly high betweenness centrality (Cb) that decreases as the followers’ centrality increases.
The low performing ones are those with a member having a constantly high Cb but with his/her Cb increasing as the followers’ Cb decreases.
Finally, the lowest performing teams are characterized by a form of fluctuating leadership, where no member holds a leadership role.
The study provides empirical evidence on how to recognize a successful project team: 1) the presence of the same individual in a leadership position over the entire community life cycle; 2) a decreasing value of the leader’s betweenness centrality as the followers’ betweenness centrality increases
Interactions and Performance of Surgery Teams: a sociometric approach
No full textLeveraging on the novelty and potential of sensor-based measurements, this study aims to investigate the relationship between surgery team behaviors and surgical performances. Using sociometric badges, we collected the individual and collective behaviors of surgical team members concerning 66 breast surgeries in the Breast Unit of an Italian university hospital.
The results of the correlation analysis suggest that the higher the level of speaking between participants and the involvement in the speech during the surgery the higher is the probability of surgical glitches. In addition, the correlation analysis shows that a positive and collaborative teamwork negatively correlate with the presence of surgical glitches. This seems to confirm previous research on the importance of teamwork for improving patient safety
Silence is golden: the role of team coordination in health operations
No full textPurpose: This study investigates the relationships between team dynamics and performance in healthcare operations. Specifically, it explores, through wearable sensors, how team coordination mechanisms can influence the likelihood of surgical glitches during routine surgery. Design/methodology/approach: Breast surgeries of a large Italian university hospital were monitored using Sociometric Badges – wearable sensors developed at MIT Media Lab – for collecting objective and systematic measures of individual and group behaviors in real time. Data retrieved were used to analyze team coordination mechanisms, as it evolved in the real settings, and finally to test the research hypotheses. Findings: Findings highlight that a relevant portion of glitches in routine surgery is caused by improper team coordination practices. In particular, results show that the likelihood of glitches decreases when practitioners adopt implicit coordination mechanisms rather than explicit ones. In addition, team cohesion appears to be positively related with the surgical performance. Originality/value: For the first time, direct, objective and real time measurements of team behaviors have enabled an in-depth evaluation of the team coordination mechanisms in surgery and the impact on surgical glitches. From a methodological perspective, this research also represents an early attempt to investigate coordination behaviors in dynamic and complex operating environments using wearable sensor tools
Measuring creative performance of teams through dynamic semantic social network analysis
No full textEmail may not reflect the social network. Preliminary Insights
No full textResearchers have demonstrated that e-mail archives can be used as a good approximation of social ties (Tyler et. al.). This paper demonstrates that ties obtained by mining e-mails archives do not necessarily provide a complete and realistic approximation of interactions by other communication channels. The results of our project indicate that factors such as co-location and the nature of working relationships influence the preference for rich media like chat and face-to-face.
We have collected the e-mailboxes of a sample of 25 students and researchers, representing 50% of the entire population of a university research department. Through an online questionnaire sent out once per week for 7 weeks, we collected quantitative data on the average frequency of communication using different media: face-to-face meetings, chat, and telephone. During the three months period under observation, 64% of our sample members worked in the main Campus building, 20% in a secondary building and 16% off-site.
The comparison of the complete networks suggests that face-to-face and chat are always positively correlated. In particular, people who are co-located, who are peers and who are working on the same project are more likely to use face-to-face and chat.
As suggested by previous social network studies (Haythornthwaite, Wellman), the use of rich media strongly predominated, while telephone was scarcely used, and chat was enthusiastically adopted as a supplementary way to face-to-face interaction
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