196,166 research outputs found
Religion und Metaphysik
No full textBraungart W, Pahmeier M. Religion und Metaphysik. In: Begemann C, Giuriato D, eds. Stifter Handbuch. Leben – Werk – Wirkung. Stuttgart: J. B. Metzler; 2017: 279-284
EXTREMISM AND AUTHORITARIAN DEMOCRACIES: ISLAMIC COUNTRIES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA
No full texthttp://www.dse.unive.it/workpapers/9912.pd
Identifying the optimal body shape and composition associated with strength outcomes in children and adolescent according to place of residence: an allometric approach
No full textThe purpose of the study was to identify the optimal body shape and composition associated with physical fitness levels of children living in urban and rural areas of Italy. A total of 7102 children (11–14 years) were assessed for weight, height, percentage body fat (FM%), sit-and-reach flexibility (SAR), standing broad jump (SBJ) and sit-ups (SUP). A multiplicative allometric model, Y = a · massk1 · heightk2 ·ε, was used to predict the physical outcome variables Y = SBJ and SUP. The model was expanded to incorporate FM% and SAR as follows Y = a · massk1 · heightk2 · FM%k3 · exp(b· FM% + c· SAR) ·ε. Note that FM% was incorporated as a “gamma function” that allows an initial growth, and subsequent decline in Y as FM% increases in size. Although having an ectomorph body shape appears advantageous, being too thin appears detrimental to the strength outcomes. Being flexible would also benefit physical fitness levels. Finally, our results indicate that ursban children aged 11–14 have superior strength outcomes compared with rural children, having controlled for differences in body shape and composition, a finding that may be associated with rural environments having fewer exercise facilities compared with urban conurbations
Motor coordinator, body mass index, and sport participation in 6-11 years old children
No full textIntroduction. Motor coordination (MC) in childhood plays a crucial role in the physical and psychological health in childhood and even throughout the lifespan. Nevertheless a decline in MC among children and an increase in child obesity have been reported. The aim of this study was to examine the MC level in 6-11 years old children and its relationship with BMI and sport participation.
Methods. 240 Italian children of both gender participated in the study. Participants were divided into three groups according to age and school grade: 1° grade (G1) (n=90, range=6-7 years; h=1.23±0.05 m; w=24.9±3.9 kg); 3° grade (G3) (n=66, range=8-9 years; h=1.34±0.05 m; w=32.3±5.3 kg); 5° grade (G5) (n=86, range=10-11 years; h=1.47±0.06 m; w=40.2±8.1 kg). Motor coordination was assessed through the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK). Cut off points for BMI in childhood were used to categorize the participants as underweight (UW), normal (NW), overweight (OW) and obese (OB). Physical activity (PA) of the parents was evaluated through IPAQ questionnaire with attached a dichotomous question about the participation in organized sport activities of their children.
Results. A significant MQ decrease was found from G1 to G5 (G1, 99.7±7.4; G3, 90±6.65, G5, 84.6±7.4). As for BMI, results showed an increase of OW and OB children from G1 (OW=11%; OB=1%) to G3 (OW=32%; OB=3%) and G5 (OW=29%; OB=9%). A significant interaction was found between BMI and MQ. OW and OB categories had MQ values significantly lower than NW and UW (93.55±11.35 vs 86.2±8.9). As for PA, a significant interaction was found between parents IPAQ and children MQ. Parents with a high level of PA have children with higher MQ respect to parents with a low level of PA. No difference in MQ and BMI was found between children involved in organized sport activities and children not involved.
Discussion. These data confirm a significant decrease in MC over the years together with an alarming increase in child obesity. Relationship between parents PA and children MQ suggest that family environment could have great influence in MC. The inconsistent relationship between BMI and MC and sport activity suggest that children probably don’t achieve a sufficient stimulus during their organized activity. In conclusion, efforts should be made in order to face the decline in MC, to promote healthy eating habits and adequate levels of physical activities.
References
Cole T, et al. (2000). BMJ;320:1–6
Vandorpe B, et al. (2011). Scand J Med Sci Sports, 378-38
Motor coordinator, body mass index, and sport participation in 6-11 years old children
No full textIntroduction. Motor coordination (MC) in childhood plays a crucial role in the physical and psychological health in childhood and even throughout the lifespan. Nevertheless a decline in MC among children and an increase in child obesity have been reported. The aim of this study was to examine the MC level in 6-11 years old children and its relationship with BMI and sport participation.
Methods. 240 Italian children of both gender participated in the study. Participants were divided into three groups according to age and school grade: 1° grade (G1) (n=90, range=6-7 years; h=1.23±0.05 m; w=24.9±3.9 kg); 3° grade (G3) (n=66, range=8-9 years; h=1.34±0.05 m; w=32.3±5.3 kg); 5° grade (G5) (n=86, range=10-11 years; h=1.47±0.06 m; w=40.2±8.1 kg). Motor coordination was assessed through the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK). Cut off points for BMI in childhood were used to categorize the participants as underweight (UW), normal (NW), overweight (OW) and obese (OB). Physical activity (PA) of the parents was evaluated through IPAQ questionnaire with attached a dichotomous question about the participation in organized sport activities of their children.
Results. A significant MQ decrease was found from G1 to G5 (G1, 99.7±7.4; G3, 90±6.65, G5, 84.6±7.4). As for BMI, results showed an increase of OW and OB children from G1 (OW=11%; OB=1%) to G3 (OW=32%; OB=3%) and G5 (OW=29%; OB=9%). A significant interaction was found between BMI and MQ. OW and OB categories had MQ values significantly lower than NW and UW (93.55±11.35 vs 86.2±8.9). As for PA, a significant interaction was found between parents IPAQ and children MQ. Parents with a high level of PA have children with higher MQ respect to parents with a low level of PA. No difference in MQ and BMI was found between children involved in organized sport activities and children not involved.
Discussion. These data confirm a significant decrease in MC over the years together with an alarming increase in child obesity. Relationship between parents PA and children MQ suggest that family environment could have great influence in MC. The inconsistent relationship between BMI and MC and sport activity suggest that children probably don’t achieve a sufficient stimulus during their organized activity. In conclusion, efforts should be made in order to face the decline in MC, to promote healthy eating habits and adequate levels of physical activities.
References
Cole T, et al. (2000). BMJ;320:1–6
Vandorpe B, et al. (2011). Scand J Med Sci Sports, 378-38
Motor coordination, body mass index, and sport participation in 6-11 years old children
No full textIntroduction. Motor coordination (MC) in childhood plays a crucial role in the physical and psychological health in childhood and even
throughout the lifespan. Nevertheless a decline in MC among children and an increase in child obesity have been reported. The aim of
this study was to examine the MC level in 6-11 years old Italian children and its relationship with BMI and sport participation. Methods. A
sample of 240 Italian children of both gender participated in the study. Participants were divided into three groups according to age and
school grade: 1° grade (G1) (n=90, range=6-7 years; h=1.23±0.05 m; w=24.9±3.9 kg); 3° grade (G3) (n=66, range=8-9 years;
h=1.34±0.05 m; w=32.3±5.3 kg); 5° grade (G5) (n=86, range=10-11 years; h=1.47±0.06 m; w=40.2±8.1 kg). Motor coordination was
assessed through the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK). Cut off points for BMI in childhood were used to categorize the participants
as underweight (UW), normal (NW), overweight (OW) and obese (OB). Physical activity (PA) of the parents was evaluated with a
questionnaire (IPAQ) with attached a dichotomous question about the participation in organized sport activities of their children. Results. A
significant decrease of MQ was found from G1 to G5 (G1, 99.7±7.4; G3, 90±6.65, G5, 84.6±7.4). As for BMI, results showed an increase of
OW and OB children from G1 (OW=11%; OB=1%) to G3 (OW=32%; OB=3%) and G5 (OW=29%; OB=9%). A significant association was found
between BMI and MQ. OW and OB categories had an MQ value significantly lower than NW and UW (93.55±11.35 vs 86.2±8.9). As for
PA, a significant association was found between parents IPAQ and children MQ. Parents with a high level of PA have children with higher
MQ (93.4±10) respect to parents with a low level of PA (88.7±9.1). No difference in MQ and BMI was found between children involved in
organized sport activities and children not involved. Discussion. These data confirm a significant decrease in MC over the years together
with an alarming increase in child obesity. Relationship between parents PA and children MQ suggest that family environment could
have great influence in MC. The inconsistent relationship between BMI and MC and sport activity suggest that children probably don’t
achieve a sufficient stimulus during their organized activity. In conclusion, efforts should be made in order to face the decline in MC, to
promote healthy eating habits and adequate levels of physical activities. References Cole T, et al. (2000). BMJ;320:1–6 Vandorpe B, et al.
(2011). Scand J Med Sci Sports, 378-38
Strength in Decline? Strength Performance's Secular Trends of Italian Middle School Children
No full textGatti, A, Giuriato, M, Pirazzi, A, Vandoni, M, Pellino, VC, and Lovecchio, N. Strength in decline? Strength performance's secular trends of Italian middle school children. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024 - It is well known that there is a concerning decline in overall physical fitness (PF) levels among youth. Despite these, studies on trends in muscle strength (MS) yield conflicting results. Moreover, continuous temporal data focusing on children and adolescents are lacking, with limited consideration of factors such as body mass and maturity timing in MS trend analyses. This study addressed these gaps by examining the secular trends in MS performance among Italian school children while considering the influence of body mass index (BMI) z-score and peak height velocity (PHV). A repeated cross-sectional study spanning 21 years (1988-2009) was conducted, involving 3,761 Italian children aged 11-13 years. Physical fitness assessments were conducted annually and secular trends were analyzed using weighted least squares regression, adjusting for BMI z-score and PHV. Sit-up performance showed a steady trend (trend [95% confidence interval]: -0.72 [-0.73 to -0.71]; -4.76% [-4.79 to -4.73]; -0.16 effect size [ES] [-0.17 to -0.15]), while push-up performance showed a small-to-moderate decline (-1.01 [-1.03 to -0.99]; -5.77% [-5.81 to -5.73]; -0.26 ES [-0.27 to -0.25]). Girls exhibited consistent declines, however, trends differed among boys depending on the test used. This study contributes valuable insights into secular trends in MS among Italian school children, underscoring the need for gender-sensitive approaches to promoting physical activity and the importance of standardized assessments to accurately monitor fitness trends. Addressing these disparities is critical for the creation of interventions aimed at reducing the economic burden associated with low PF levels and improving overall public health
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