1,720,972 research outputs found
Mapping of QTL for Fusarium Head Blight resistance in an interspecific wheat RIL population derived from the cross of an hexaploid resistant line and a tetraploid susceptible cultivar
No full textIdentification of QTLs with a key role in resistance against Fusarium Head Blight in durum wheat
No full textDurum wheat (T. turgidum ssp. durum) is one of most susceptible cereals to
Fusarium head blight (FHB, scab) which is annually responsible for serious
economic threats due to huge losses in yield, and for decay in qualitative
characteristics of the grain (destruction of cell walls, alteration of the
lipid fraction and the reduction of the protein fraction). FHB is also
responsible to produce mycotoxins mainly deoxynivalenol (DON), a powerful
inhibitor of eukaryotic protein synthesis and very harmful to human and
animal health. The most effective strategy to manage FHB disease and gain a
more economically and ecologically sustainable wheat production is the use
of genetic resistance, which is controlled by the combined effects of
several quantitative trait loci (QTL) and environment.
Resistance to FHB is a complex and quantitative trait controlled by
multiple genes, largely influenced by plant architecture and genotypeenvironment interactions, and characterized by large genetic variation in
wheat gene pool. Resistance to FHB is of quantitative nature and its
inheritance includes many genes and is affected by environmental
conditions.
Cell wall is the first line of plants defense against fungal pathogens and
several lines of evidence indicate that structural components of the cell
wall are involved in plant resistance against such pathogens. Understanding
the biological mechanisms and associated biomarkers driving wheat
development and adaptation relies on an urgent understanding of the
continuum between structural, expressional and epigenetic variations. A
specific activity has been conducted for Fusarium Head Blight (FHB),
reported QTL identification and the map-based cloning of a new FHB QTL
located on 2A chromosome from a resistant bread wheat line deriving from
Sumai 3. New functional marker genes conferring durable plant resistance
against Fusarium were developed and efficiently used in a marker-assisted
selection program for the constitution of resistant superior durum wheat
genotypes to be used for a sustainable agriculture and food security
Development of a deletion map of wheat chromosomes 5A and 5B
No full textThe International Wheat Genome Sequence Consortium, aimed to physical mapping of bread wheat genome, assigned to Italian research groups the genetic and physical mapping of 5A chromosome. This chromosome is one of the most lacking in genetic markers, so the aim of this work was to find new molecular markers on chromosome 5A to saturate the existing genetic map, and to develop a cytogenetic deletion map of the homeologous chromosomes 5A and 5B. A total of 134 microsatellite markers were screened for polymorphism between Chinese Spring and Chinese Spring-5A dicoccoides (a Chinese Spring whose 5A chromosome was replaced with the 5A from the Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides accession #TA106), which are the parental lines of the RIL population that will be used for the SSR genetic mapping (still in development). 115 of the markers were genomic microsatellites (gSSR) and 19 were EST-derived SSRs developed by La Rota et al. (2005) and available at http://wheat.pw.usda.gov. Polymorphic bands were visualized on agarose and acrylammide gels, and by capillary electrophoresis performed using an ABI PRISM 3100 Avant Genetic Analyzer. Both polymorphic and monomorphic SSR markers among the two parental lines were cytologically mapped to bins of chromosomes 5A and 5B by using a set of aneuploid lines derived from Chinese Spring, represented by nulli-tetrasomic, di-telosomic and deletion bin lines. In particular, the physical mapping on 5A chromosome was conducted with the lines N5A-T5B, N5AT5D, DT-5AL, and 14 deletion lines of which 4 belonging to the 5A chromosome short arm, and 10 to the long arm. All the lines were tested for carrying the correct homozygous terminal deletion by PCR amplification with specific SSR markers belonging to the missing chromosome region. A total of 92 markers were physically mapped, of which 43 on 5A, 30 on 5B and 4 on 5D; 17 SSRs produced multiple loci mapped to bins of 5A and 5B (13) and 5B and 5D (4), and two had bands located on 5A, 5B and 5D. For both the homeologous the majority of the markers were physically mapped in the bins of the long arm. The most represented bins were 5AL3-0.56-0.64 for 5A and 5BL6-0.29-1.00 for 5B, while the regions which were the most lacking of markers were bins C-5AL3-0.56 and C-5BS4-0.43 respectively for 5A and 5B
Allelic variation of wheat flour allergens in a collection of wheat genotypes.
No full textWheat is the most widely grown crop in the world and provides 20% of the daily protein and food calories for 4.5 billion people.
Together with rice, it is the most important food crop in the developing world. In the last decades, various symptoms have been
recorded across the population due to the consumption of wheat products, also summarized as “wheat allergy.” Wheat allergy
is usually reported as a food allergy but can also be a contact allergy as a result of exposure to wheat. Several important wheat
allergens have been characterized in the last years through biochemical, immunological, and molecular biological techniques. In
the present work, the identification of allelic variation of genes involved in wheat allergy was reported. A collection of wheat
genotypes was screened in order to identify new alleles. A total of 14 new alleles were identified for profilin, triosephosphateisomerase,
dehydrin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase, / gliadin, GluB3-23, and Glutathione transferase allergen genes
(located on chromosomes 1B, 3B, 6A, and homoelogous groups 5 and 7), potentially related to a minor allergenicity and useful in
breeding progra
Molecular and phenotypic characterization of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) genotypes from southern Italy
No full text
Physical mapping of genomic and EST-derived SSR markers on the homoeologous group 5 chromosomes of wheat
No full textThe International Wheat Genome Sequence Consortium, aimed to physical mapping of bread wheat genome, assigned to Italian research groups the genetic and physical mapping of 5A chromosome. The aim of the present work was to find new molecular markers on chromosome 5A to saturate the existing genetic map, and to develop a cytogenetic deletion map of the homoeologous group 5. A set of 167 microsatellite markers identified in public databases as mapping on 5A and 5B chromosomes were physically mapped. In particular, 135 were genomic microsatellites (gSSR), 30 were derived from expressed sequence tags (EST-SSRs), and 2 were STS. Amplified bands were visualized by capillary electrophoresis performed using an ABI PRISM 3100 Avant Genetic Analyzer. The SSR markers were physically mapped on 5A and 5B chromosome bins by using a set of aneuploid lines derived from the hexaploid wheat cultivar Chinese Spring (Triticum aestivum). Cytological mapping of microsatellite markers on 5A was conducted with nulli-tetrasomic lines CSN5AT5B and CS-N5AT5D, the di-telosomic line CS-DT5AL, and 14 deletion lines of which 4 belonging to 5A short arm and 10 to the long arm. Besides, physical mapping of SSRs on 5B chromosome was carried out with the nulli-tetrasomic line CS-N5BT5D, the di-telosomic line CSDT5BL, and 6 deletion bin lines of which 4 belonging to the chromosome short arm and 2 to the long arm. All the bin lines were tested for carrying the correct homozygous terminal deletions by PCR amplification with specific SSR markers belonging to the missing chromosome region. Out of 167 analysed markers, 110 were physically mapped on specific 5A and 5B chromosome bins, while the other 57 were amplified both in 5A, 5B and 5D nulli-tetrasomic lines. A total of 46 SSR markers were assigned to chromosome 5A, 34 on 5B and 6 on 5D; 24 SSRs produced multiple loci which mapped to 5A and 5B (16), 5B and 5D (4), 5A and 5D (1) and 5A, 5B and 5D (3). For both the homoeologous the majority of markers were physically mapped in the bins of the long arm. Infact, the most represented bins were 5AL5-0.46-0.55 for 5AL and 5BL6-0.290.79 for 5BL, while the regions which were the most lacking of markers were represented by bin C5AL5-0.46 and 5BS4-0.43-0.71, respectively for 5AL and 5BS. Physical mapping of SSR markers on 5A will provide a very powerful tool to anchor the 5A BAC sequence contigs to the chromosome
Cell wall traits as potential resources to improve resistance of durum wheat against Fusarium graminearum
No full text
- …
