838 research outputs found
Spatial Dispersion of Peering Clusters in the European Internet
No full textWe study the role played by geographical distance in the peering decisions between Internet Service Providers. Firstly, we assess whether or not the Internet industry shows clustering in peering; we then concentrate on the dynamics of the agglomeration process by studying the effects of bilateral distance in changing the morphology of existing peering patterns. Our results show a dominance of random spatial patterns in peering agreements. The sign of the effect of distance on the peering decision, driving the agglomeration/dispersion process, depends, however, on the initial level of clustering. We show that clustered patterns will disperse in the long run
Antitrust Analysis for the Internet Upstream Market: a BGP Approach
No full textIn this paper we study concentration in the European Internet upstream access market. Measurement of market concentration depends on correctly defining the market, but this is not always possible as Antitrust authorities often lack reliable pricing and traffic data. We present an alternative approach based on the inference of the Internet Operators interconnection policies using micro-data sourced from their Border Gateway Protocol tables. Firstly we propose a price-independent algorithm for defining both the vertical and geographical relevant market boundaries, then we calculate market concentration indexes using two novel metrics. These assess, for each undertaking, both its role in terms of essential network facility and of wholesale market dominance. The results, applied to four leading Internet Exchange Points in London, Amsterdam, Frankfurt and Milan, show that some vertical segments of these markets are extremely competitive, while others are highly concentrated, putting them within the special attention category of the Merger Guidelines
Discussione a "Reti-Network", (D'Ignazio - Giovannetti)
No full textIl contributo discute un contributo di Emanuele Giovannetti e Alessio D’Ignazio apparso nel medesimo numero di "Rivista di Politica Economica
Catching Up, Leapfrogging or Forging ahead? Exploring the Effects of Integration and History on Spatial Technological Adoptions
No full textThis paper introduces a model of localised competition and technological adoption that produces interesting geographical adoption patterns: Persistent asymmetry, where nobody adopts, Leapfrogging where only followers adopt, Forging ahead where only leaders adopt and Catching up where everybody adopts a new technology. We study the conditions leading to the emergence of these adoption patters to interpret the rich and growing empirical literature on intra-distribution mobility across and within regions. We consider a set of linked markets characterised by asymmetric initial technological conditions. We show that these different spatial adoption patterns may provide an interesting reference for the debate on regional convergence, as adoption is an essential engine of growth. We also assess both: the impact of integration policy and of historical asymmetries on these spatial adoption choices and find some counterintuitive results: as for example, that: integration policies may increase regional asymmetries instead than reducing them, depending on the relevance of the initial technology gap between neighbouring firms. The model does not assume different learning abilities or adoption costs between leaders and followers indeed they can all adopt, for the same cost, a new technology leading to global Catching up and convergence. Notwithstanding this possibility, the emerging spatial adoption patterns may still result asymmetric. The main parameters driving the results of the model are: the relevance of the innovation, adoption costs, consumers' preferences for quality, the initial, historically inherited, technology quality asymmetries and transport costs, expressing the degree of within markets competitiveness and differentiation
Review of "Economics of Agglomeration: Cities, Industrial Location, and Regional Growth".By Masahisa Fujita and Jacques-Francois Thisse.
No full text'Interconnection, Differentiation and Bottlenecks in the Internet'
No full textConnectivity, the characterising feature of the Internet, requires the definition of access prices, transit charges, among connected operators. However, for many information exchanges, the network hierarchies in the Internet are not fixed: two providers can be simultaneously supplier and retailer, in a routing process, while being horizontally competitors in another. We study the impact of interconnection with transit demand on prices and profits for Internet Service Providers. These effects crucially depend on the degree of differentiation of the retail secto
Learning Bounded Rationality and Evolutionary Modelling in Games
No full textThe paper reviews different approaches to the notion of equilibrium in Game Theory from a bounded rationality, an evolutionary and adaptive learning point of vie
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