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Hydrogamasus giardi Berlese & Trouessart 1889
No full text357. Hydrogamasus giardi (Berlese & Trouessart, 1889) Sejus giardi Berlese & Trouessart, 1889: 124. Gamasus giardi.— Moniez, 1889: 193. Hydrogamasus giardi.— Berlese, 1892c: 5; 1892f: 72; Halbert, 1915: 65; 1920: 121; Lee, 1970: 68; Karg, 1971: 352. Hydrogamasus (Hydrogamasus) giardi.— Hirschmann, 1966c: 27. Type depository. Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. Type locality and habitat. Wimereux, [Pas-de-Calais], France, on Balanus balanoides [Crustacea: Archaeobalanidae].Published as part of Castilho, Raphael C., Silva, Edmilson S., De, Gilberto J. & Halliday, Bruce, 2016, Catalogue of the family Ologamasidae Ryke (Acari: Mesostigmata), pp. 1-147 in Zootaxa 4197 (1) on page 84, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16844
Gonioinfradens giardi
No full textGonioinfradens giardi (Nobili, 1905) (Figs 1–7) Thalamita Giardi Nobili, 1905: 164. Charybdis (Goniosoma) Giardi. — Nobili 1906: 115, pl. 5 fig. 23, pl. 7 fig. 34. Charybdis giardi. — Balss 1924: 3. Charybdis (Gonioinfradens) paucidentata .— Leene 1938: 131, figs 74‒76.— Stephensen 1945: 119. Gonioinfradens paucidentata. — Apel & Spiridonov 1998: 223, figs 40‒41, pl. 7.— Apel 2001: 72.— Naderloo & Sari 2007: 343. Gonioinfradens paucidentatus. — Corsini-Foka et al. 2010: 331, fig. 2.— Karhan & Yokeş 2012: 118, fig. 2. Type material. Gonioinfradens giardi. Lectotype: Persian Gulf, United Arab Emirates, Mission J. Bonnier and Ch. Pérez, Stn XLVII, pearl oysters banc, 25°10’N 55°10’E to 24°55’N 54°40’E, 10–15 fathoms, 1901, M 42.7 mm (MNHN IU 2014 11969, previously MNHN B.5657) id. as Thalamita giardi. Paralectotypes: same data as lectotype, F 38.3 mm (MNHN B.5657); Stn LII, pearl oysters banc, SW of Arzana I., SE of Zirkuh I., M 30.6 mm, F broken (MNHN B.5659); Station LIII, NE of Arzana I., F (broken) 27.8 mm, F immature 10.3 mm (MNHN B.5656); same data, 2 immature 9.9, 6.6 mm (MNHN B.5658). Other material examined. Djibouti, Rècif d’Ambouli, Mission J.L. Dantan, 1933, M immature 19.0 mm (MNHN). Israel, Ashdod, port breakwater, 31°50.26’N, 34°37.93’E, 5–15 m, 14 May 2017, coll. R. Gevili, M 46.5 mm (SMNHTAU-AR 29776). Description. Carapace 1.35–1.40 times as broad as long in adult males, regions ill-defined, smooth, glabrous. Faint, minutely granular transverse lines anteriorly: a pair each of frontal, protogastric, metagastric, epibranchial and a nearly straight unbroken line on mesogastric; frontal and mesogastric lines barely noticeable, only epibranchial line raised. Front, wider than posterior edge, cut into six lobes: median lobes rounded, submedian lobes slightly less prominent, skewed distad, anterior margins on slightly higher plane than latter, lateral lobes with oblique mesial margin and rounded lateral margin, projecting forward to the level of median lobes, separated from submedian lobes by wide, V-shaped incision. Inner supra-orbital angles raised higher than frontal lobes, larger, but similar in shape to submedian lobes. Basal antennal segment broad, roughly granular, bearing medially single prominent spine, curved distad; antennal flagellum excluded from orbital hiatus. Orbits wide, upper orbital margin bifissured, lower margin unifissured; inner infra-orbital angle prominent, triangular, tooth-like. Sub-orbital, subhepatic and pterygostomian regions sparsely pilose. Anterolateral border bearing four well-developed, finely granular teeth with anterior margin concave, posterior margin convex. Small ancillary teeth in between larger teeth: pointed triangular tooth basally on posterior margin of anterior tooth, and successively smaller, obtuse teeth in between large teeth. Posteriormost tooth markedly smaller. Posterolateral margins oblique, converging. Posterior margin nearly horizontal. Sternum bare and smooth, save for sparse punctae. Chelipeds unequal, massive. Merus bearing three spines on anterior margin, proximalmost smallest, none on posterior margin. Carpus bearing large spine on inner angle and three smaller spines on outer face, arranged equilaterally. Manus bearing spine proximally near carpal articulation, two closely set spines medially on upper surface (Fig. 3A–D), proximalmost spine pointing mesially, swollen above articulation with moveable finger; lateral margins smooth, but for low rounded protuberance distally near base of moveable finger; inner lower margin with closely set granulation proximally. Fingers deeply grooved, their cutting edges lined with rounded tubercules of unequal size, proximally with molariform tooth in larger chela. Ambulatory legs laterally compressed, propodus and dactylus 1–3 grooved laterally. Merus of natatory legs bearing prominent spine subdistally on posterior margin, dactylus and propodus foliaceous, propodus with a row of spinules on posterior margin. Male abdomen triangular, segments 3–5 fused, penultimate segment broader than long, lateral margins convex (Fig. 4A–D), telson triangular. G1 bent distad, distally cornute; outer margin lined with long spinules, mesial and ventral margins with rows of short spinules next to the tip (Fig. 5A). Female sternopleonal cavity with vulvae on sternite 6, round, slightly hooded (Fig. 6). Distribution. Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Gulf. Recently recorded in the Mediterranean Sea from Turkey and Greece, newly recorded from Israel. Coloration. The carapace of the specimen collected off the Israeli coastline is mottled reddish brown dorsally, with a distinct Y-shaped dark brown mark centrally. The chelipeds are deep reddish brown with dark tipped fingers; the ambulatory legs reddish with pale colored bands near joints. Spines on the anterolateral margin of the carapace and chelipeds are distally light-banded and dark-tipped (Fig. 2). It is similar in color pattern to specimens from the Arabian Gulf (Apel & Spridonov 1998: pl. 7.7) and from Rhodes I. (Corsini-Foka et al. 2010: fig. 2). Remarks. Nobili’s (1905) brief description of Thalamita Giardi was based on a specimen with carapace length (cl) of 46 mm and width (cw) of 60 mm, of unspecified gender. Subsequently (Nobili 1906) renamed it Charybdis (Goniosoma) Giardi and listed 9 specimens (2 M in Stn 47, 1 M 2 F in Stn 52, 1 M, 3 F, 2 damaged, in Stn 53), but based his description and figures on the larger male specimen from Stn 53 (cl 42 mm, cw 61 mm). Leene (1938: 131) examined “two cotypes of Charybdis Giardi Nobili (Mission J. Bonnier et Ch. Perez 1901, stat. 52) and two other specimens of the latter species (1901, stat. 53). The cotypes (M and juv.) were much damaged; the larger specimen (F) of stat. 53 is better preserved, the other specimen was juvenile.” Leene’s description and illustration is based on “the largest specimen of stat. 53 of the Ch. Giardi specimens, at the same time comparing it with the original description by G. Nobili and with the cotypes” (Leene 1938: 131). The material from Stn 47 went unmentioned. Apel & Spiridonov (1998: 224) listed two immature syntype specimens (MNHN B.5658), a male and an immature female (MNHN B.5659), and a female and immature specimen collected NE of Arzanah I. (MNHN B.5657). A recent examination of the material revealed a mismatch in the number of specimens and station numbers with these accounts: the jar labeled as Stn 47 (MNHN B.5657) contained adult male and female specimens, the one labeled as Stn 52 (MNHN B.5659) adult male and single damaged female, and in the two jars labeled Stn 53 – one contained an adult female and an immature female (MNHN B.5656) and the other two immature specimens (MNHN B.5658) – for a total of eight specimens. It seems that over the past century the specimens may have been shifted from one jar to another – the larger male specimen (cl 42 mm) described from Stn 53 by Nobili (1906) is currently in a jar labelled Stn 47 (MNHN B.5657). As Nobili had not designated a holotype specimen, and some confusion arose since concerning the number of specimens and their collection numbers, all being syntypes, we hereby designate as lectotype the male specimen (cl 42.7 mm), collected in Stn XLVII, pearl oysters banc, Mission J. Bonnier and Ch. Pérez, 1901 (MNHN IU- 2014- 11969, previously MNHN B.5657), and the remaining syntypes become paralectotypes. The female type specimen of Goniosoma paucidentatum A. Milne Edwards, missing its chelae is preserved dry (MNHN 780) (Fig. 6). It accords well with Milne Edwards’ (1861) description. Nobili (1906: 119) considered it very close to Ch. (Goniosoma) Giardi: “ Goniosoma paucidentatum A. Edw. parait bien voisin de cette espèce, mais ses chélipèdes ne sont pas connus et l’article basilaire de l’antenne semble être conformé différemment”. Leene (1938: 131) then erroneously “suppose[d] this species [Ch. Giardi] is identical with G. paucidentatum A. M. Edw. ”, and placed it in synonymy to Ch. (Gonioinfradens) paucidentata. This was accepted by subsequent authors and Ch. (Goniosoma) giardi slid into obscurity despite consistent and obvious differences in color pattern and morphological characters (e.g., Sakai 1976: pl. 130, fig. 1; Poupin 1994: pl. 3e). Gonioinfradens paucidentata differs from G. giardi in the shape of frontal lobes (Figs 2,7), having the two spines medially on upper surface of palm set further apart (Fig. 3A, C, E), short rounded carina distally on inner and outer lateral palmar surfaces (Fig. 3B, D, F), lateral margins of penultimate segment of male abdomen nearly parallel, converging distally (Fig 4A–F), shape of G1 (Fig. 5) and color pattern. Based on morphological characters observed in the examined specimens, including type material, and the results of the molecular analyses based on the mitochondrial barcoding gene cytochrome oxidase sub unit I, G. giardi is reinstated as a valid species, and is thus withdrawn from synonymy with G. paucidentata. The former is confined to the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Gulf, and was recently introduced to the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal, whereas the latter is seemingly widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific, recorded from Mauritius, Seychelles and Réunion to Japan, New Caledonia and French Polynesia. Validated identification is of major concern for management of marine non-indigenous species as taxonomic identity provides information as to possible origin and pathway of introduction (Ojaveer et al. 2014). We join Evans and Schembri (2017: 199) in calling “…authors and reviewers to exercise caution and check identification carefully”.Published as part of Galil, Bella S., Douek, Jacob, Gevili, Roy, Goren, Menachem, Yudkovsky, Yana, Paz, Guy & Rinekvich, Baruch, 2018, The resurrection of Charybdis (Gonioinfradens) giardi (Nobili, 1905), newly recorded from the SE Mediterranean Sea, pp. 580-590 in Zootaxa 4370 (5) on pages 582-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.5.9, http://zenodo.org/record/114738
FIG. 4 in Diagnosis of Arcturopsis Koehler, 1911 and redescription of A. giardi (Bonnier, 1896) (Crustacea, Isopoda, Arcturidae)
No full textFIG. 4. — Arcturopsis giardi (Bonnier, 1896); A-C, (MNHN-Is5690); A, pleopod 1; B, penes (dorsal and ventral views); C, pleopod 2 with appendix masculina; D, pleopod 2 of juvenile with rudimentary appendix masculina (NMV J44928). Scale bars: A, C, D, 0.5 mm; B, 0.2 mm.Published as part of King, Rachael A. & Poore, Gary C. B., 2001, Diagnosis of Arcturopsis Koehler, 1911 and redescription of A. giardi (Bonnier, 1896) (Crustacea, Isopoda, Arcturidae), pp. 467-477 in Zoosystema 23 (3) on page 474, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.539572
Campodea (Campodea) giardi Silvestri 1912
No full textCampodea (Campodea) giardi Silvestri, 1912 Campodea (Campodea) giardi Silvestri, 1912: 120, fig. VIII. Diagnosis (Silvestri 1912; Bareth 2006) Body length 3.5–4.5 mm; long, thin, smooth clothing setae; antennae with 22–29 antennomeres; sensillum of third antennomere in ventral position plus 1–4 sensilla on IV to VII antennomeres (in a few specimens these extra sensilla are absent); notal macrosetae long, thin and smooth or with 1–2 barbs; marginal setae long, poorly barbed with 1–2 barbs; one sensillum trochanteral; 1+1 long ma urotergal macrosetae with insertion backward towards marginal setae from urotergites I to VII; 1+1 la, 1+1 lp on V–VII urotergites; 1+1 mp, 3+3 lp on VIII urotergite and 1+1 mp, 5+5 lp on IX abdominal segment; cerci covered in macrosetae with some barbs and a few clothing setae; middle-sized spermatozoid fascicles, 55–60 μm diameter and 25 μm wide, spiral filament with 2–3 spirals, 240–360 μm long and 2.8–3.3 μm diameter in round section. Habitat and distribution Soil-dwelling species with a preference for mountain habitats. It was collected from the central and eastern Pyrenees (Denis 1930; Condé & Mathieu 1957; Sendra & Jiménez 1986). Outside the Pyrenees, C. giardi is cited from two localities at Durham, NE England (Bagnall 1915) and from two further localities in France: a mine of Gard and in a humid cave near Nancy (Husson 1946), but Condé (1956a) considered that they needed to be revised.Published as part of Sendra, Alberto & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Euro-Mediterranean fauna of Campodeinae (Campodeidae, Diplura), pp. 1-130 in European Journal of Taxonomy 728 on pages 36-38, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.728.1181, http://zenodo.org/record/431688
Dipolydora giardi Mesnil 1896
No full text<i>Dipolydora giardi</i> (Mesnil, 1896) <p>(Fig. 2)</p> <p> <i>Polydora giardi</i> Mesnil, 1896: 195 –202, pl. 13, figs. 1–12. Fauvel, 1927: 50 –52, fig. 17 h–m.</p> <p> <i>Dipolydora giardi</i>: Blake, 1996: 186. [New combination introduced. <i>D. giardi</i> record uncertain].</p> <p> <b>Material</b>. <b>FRANCE</b>: La Manche, coll. & id. F. Mesnil, accessioned ZMUC 22 June 1896, ZMUC POL­ 653 (3 spec.). <b>ITALY</b>: Ischia Is., Gulf of Naples, 40°44.8' N, 13°56.7' E, 2 m, from shells of the whelks <i>Stramonita haemastoma</i> (L.) and <i>Hexaplex trunculus</i> (L.), coll. V. I. Radashevsky, 18 Jul 1994, BMNH 2002.620–629 (17 spec.).</p> <p> <b>Comparative material</b>. <i>Dipolydora trilobata</i>: <b>RUSSIA</b>: Sea of Japan, Vostok Bay of Peter the Great Bay, 42°53.6' N, 132°44.1' E, from shells of the oyster <i>Crassostrea gigas</i> (Thunberg), ZISP 1/46576­3/46578 (holotype + 19 paratypes); IMBV 1/12171 (50 paratypes); USNM 183520 (30+ spec.).</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. Mesnil’s material consists of three complete individuals 3–4 mm long and 0.3–0.4 mm wide for c. 60, 70, and 75 chaetigers. One individual regenerating two anterior segments. Largest complete specimen from Italy c. 4 mm long and 0.3 mm wide for 60 chaetigers. Body pigmentation absent. Prostomium incised to bifid anteriorly. Caruncle extending posteriorly to end of chaetiger 3. Eyes and nuchal antenna absent (Fig. 2 A). Palps extending posteriorly for 10–15 chaetigers.</p> <p>Chaetiger 1 with postchaetal lamellae in both rami; both noto­ and neurochaetae short capillaries, fewer than in following chaetigers. Posterior notopodia with only capillaries, without spines.</p> <p>Chaetiger 5 greatly modified, larger than chaetigers 4 or 6, without postchaetal lamellae, with 2 or 3 dorsal superior geniculate capillaries (Fig. 2 H), 4 or 5 major spines alternating with bilimbate­tipped companion chaetae (Fig. 2 I), and a tuft of 4 or 5 ventral capillaries (Fig. 2 G). Major spines falcate, with lateral tooth on one side and fine spur or protuberance on the other side; spines arranged in a slightly curved diagonal row; lateral tooth occasionally broken in older spines positioned in anterior part of the row.</p> <p>Hooded hooks in neuropodia from chaetiger 7, up to 5 in a series, accompanied by single, winged inferior capillary chaetae in chaetigers 7–9 (Fig. 2 D) and by 1 or 2 hair­like capillaries situated between hooks in a few posterior chaetigers (Fig. 2 E). Hooks bidentate throughout, with angle between main fang and shaft wider in posterior chaetigers; hook shaft slightly curved, without constriction (Fig. 2 C, F).</p> <p>Branchiae from chaetiger 9–10, usually from 10 but one specimen with short branchial buds present on chaetiger 9 (Fig. 2 A); branchiae full­sized from chaetiger 11, absent from posterior half of body. Branchiae flattened, with surfaces oriented parallel to body axis, free from notopodial postchaetal lamellae.</p> <p>Pygidium small, cup­shaped, with one ventral lobe and two smaller dorsal lobes, appearing white because of large number of spindle­shaped mucous cells (Fig. 2 B). Glandular pouches from chaetiger 6, full­sized from chaetiger 7 or 8, diminishing in size after chaetiger 10 or 11.</p> <p>Gizzard­like structure present at about chaetiger 17. Hind gut white.</p> <p>Metanephridia opening middorsally via two separate nephridiopores on fertile segments apparent under methyl­green staining in a 40­segment posterior fragment from Italy which had oocytes up to 130 µm in diameter in middle segments. No sperm were recognized in this fragment or in other specimens.</p> <p> <b>Methyl­green staining patterns.</b> Head and anterior chaetigers do not retain stain. Staining dorsally as paired spots, one on each half of chaetiger, usually from chaetiger 8 or 9, occasionally from chaetiger 7; size of spots and intensity of staining gradually increasing posteriorly.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> No differences in size, morphology and life style (boring in calcareous substrata) could be detected between the Mesnil’s worms from northern France and those from the Mediterranean and thus we are confident they are <i>D. giardi sensu stricto</i> Mesnil as indicated. Two specimens from the Mesnil’s sample found in Copenhagen have an indistinct pygidium, but one of them clearly has a middorsal cleft and two dorso­lateral clefts that divide the cup into one ventral lobe and two smaller dorsal lobes. The same trilobed pygidium was also invariably present in all specimens collected by us from Italy.</p> <p> <i>Dipolydora trilobata</i> specimens examined for the comparison resemble <i>D. giardi</i> in that they also have an incised to bifid prostomium, caruncle extending to the end of chaetiger 3, pygidium with three small lobes, major falcate spines of chaetiger 5 with large lateral tooth on one side and a smaller accessory spur on the other side. Maximal size of worms and boring mode of life are also identical. Both species lack eyes, occipital antenna and modified spines in posterior notopodia. However, branchiae in <i>D. giardi</i> begin on chaetiger 10 (19 specimens in 20 examined), rarely on chaetiger 9 (1 specimen), whereas in <i>D. trilobata</i> they usually start on chaetiger 9 (46 specimens in 83 examined), occasionally on chaetiger 8 or 10 (23 and 13 specimens in 83 examined, respectively), and rarely on chaetiger 7 (1 specimen). Hooded hooks in <i>D. giardi</i> are distinctly bidentate in all neuropodia, whereas in <i>D. trilobata</i> they become unidentate in 2–5 posterior chaetigers (Radashevsky 1993: fig. 17I). A more fundamental difference may be that Mesnil's <i>D. giardi</i> were reportedly simultaneous hermaphrodites (Mesnil 1896: p. 200) while <i>D. trilobata</i> is a gonochoristic species (Radashevsky unpublished). The description of gamete arrangement in <i>D. giardi</i> provided by Mesnil is, however, ambiguous and hermaphroditism in the species needs to be confirmed by further studies.</p> <p> <i>Polydora anoculata</i> Moore, 1907 from Massachusetts is also a similar species. Blake (1971) examined the holotype and emended the diagnosis. Subsequently Maciolek (1984) did not find differences between Moore’s and Mesnil’s species and placed <i>P. anoculata</i> into the synonymy of <i>P. giardi</i>. Blake (1971) and Maciolek (1984) reported that specimens from Massachusetts and North Carolina had the caruncle extending posteriorly to chaetiger 3–5, branchiae beginning from chaetiger 9–10, and the pygidium small and disclike, with only a dorsal notch. However, these characteristics indicate that <i>Dipolydora anoculata</i> is not only validly described, but also distinct from <i>D. giardi</i> and <i>D. trilobata</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Radashevsky, Vasily I. & Petersen, Mary E., 2005, On the morphology and distribution of Dipolydora giardi and status of D. trilobata (Annelida: Spionidae), pp. 25-36 in Zootaxa 1086</i> on pages 28-31, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/170484">10.5281/zenodo.170484</a>
Synthesis, characterization and reactivity of tetracyclopentadienylniobium(IV), a precursor to organometallic derivatives of niobium(IV)
No full textIn toluene as medium, tetra(cyclopentadienyl)niobium(IV), NbCp4, has been prepared in satisfactory yields from the reaction
of NaCp with: (a) Nb2C110, (b) NbCl4(THF)2, or (c) NbCp2Cl2. Tetracyclopentadienylniobium(IV) has been characterized by
X-ray diffraction. Crystal data: C20H20Nb, M=353.29 g mol−1, hexagonal, space group P65 (no. 170), a=b=9.396(2),
c=31.23(3) A , V=2388(2) A 3, Z=6, dcalc=1.48 g cm−3, (Cu–K)=1.54184 A , T=291 K, =62.04 cm−1, F(000)=1686.
Two of the four cyclopentadienyl ligands are bonded to niobium in a pentahapto fashion, the other two being monohapto. NbCp4
undergoes cyclopentadiene elimination in the presence of species containing active protons such as Ph3SiOH or strong acids, the
products being tris- or biscyclopentadienyl compounds depending on the molar ratio of the reagents
Leocrates giardi Gravier 1900
No full textLeocrates giardi Gravier, 1900 Figs 29, 30 Leocrates giardi Gravier, 1900: 180–185, Textfigs. 46–52, Pl. 10, Figs 17–19). Leocrates claparedii: Fauvel 1919: 371; Fauvel, 1933: 44-45 (non Costa in Claparède, 1868). Leocrates diplognathus: Fauvel 1955 a: 105 (non Monro, 1926). Type material. Red Sea, Gulf of Aden. Six syntypes (MNHN 289), some collected in Aden (12°46’25” N, 46°01’35” E) by Dr. Jousseaume in 1893, others in Djibouti (11°36’ N, 43°09’ E), Djibouti, by Drs Jousseaume and Coutière in 1897, kept in the same container; no further data. Additional material. Red Sea. Gulf of Suez. One specimen (MNHN A419), no further data [20 mm long, 3 mm wide]. Saudi Arabia. Two specimens (MNHN A71), Mission Bonin-Perez, Côtes d’Arabie, Sta. 48, 1901, no further data [11–13 mm long, 2 mm wide]. Two specimens (MNHN A71b), Mission Bonin-Perez, Côtes d’Arabie, Sta. 53, 1901, no further data [15–16 mm long, 2–3 mm wide]. One specimen (MNHN A372), Farasan Archipelago, Abulat Island (19°58’ N, 40°07’ E), Sta. 5, NW off islet North, in Porites, 0–5 m, 1951–1952, Drach, Cherbonnier & Mercier, coll. [12 mm long, 1.8 mm wide]. One specimen (UF 3586), Farasan Islands, Zahrat Durakah (16°50’09.24” N, 42°18’22.68” E), 2–6 m, fringing reef, slope around sand, 11 Mar. 2013, A. Anker, P. Norby & G. Paulay, coll. [21 mm long, 3 mm wide]. One specimen (UF 3499), Farasan Islands, Mahama Island, fringing slope (16°29’21.12” N, 41°56’39.48” E), 4–17 m, sand, reef rubble, 9 Mar. 2013, A. Anker, P. Norby & G. Paulay, coll. [data used for variation]. Description. Syntypes (MNHN 289) distorted, partially dehydrated, most cirri missing, many chaetae broken (Fig. 29 A–C). Body obconic, blunt anteriorly, tapered posteriorly, dorsum darker along anterior chaetigers (1–6/8), or dark throughout dorsal surface; some middle parapodia previously removed. Body 18–23 mm long, 1.5–3.0 mm wide, 16 chaetigers. Prostomium wider than long in smaller syntypes (Fig. 29A), as long as wide or slightly longer than wide in larger ones (Fig. 29B, C); slightly wider anteriorly (depending on pharynx eversion), lateral margins straight. Lateral antennae with ceratophores distinct, lateral antennae as long as prostomium (longer in smaller syntypes), as long as palps or slightly longer than them. Palpophores 2–3 times longer than palpostyles. Median antenna tapered, short, not reaching prostomial anterior margin, inserted between posterior eyes. Eyes brownish, anterior ones slightly larger, about 1 / 10 as wide as prostomial width, missing in a smaller syntype, circular in another, emarginate in two specimens, and semilunar in two others, larger and more distant to each other than posterior round ones (semilunar in two syntypes). Nuchal organs lobes horizontal C-shaped, visible dorsally in most syntypes; lateral ciliated bands dorsally visible in two syntypes. Tentacular cirri missing (reaching chaetiger 4 in original description). Lateral cushions low, entire, longitudinal striae barely visible. Pharynx fully exposed in one small syntype (Fig. 29D), partially exposed in another medium-sized one. Anterior margin with about 20 regular constrictions per side. Lateral vesicles not seen. Jaws single, yellowish, upper jaw twice larger than lower one, tapered, inserted slightly ahead of lower jaw. Dorsal cirri remaining in a few segments, without tips, shorter than body width. Chaetigers 1–4 without notochaetae; notochaetae present along chaetigers 5–16, about 20 per bundle, sometimes arranged in longitudinal fans, or as a bundle, subdistally denticulate, denticles fine. Notacicular lobes tapered; neuracicular lobes blunt, conical slightly longer than wide, sometimes as wide as long (Fig. 29E); ventral cirri surpassing neurochaetal lobe. Neurochaetae about 20 per bundle, blades bidentate, decreasing in size ventrally, 3–10 times longer than wide, guards approaching subdistal tooth (Fig. 29F, G). Posterior region tapered. Preanal segment with dorsal cirri missing. Pygidium with anus terminal, anal cirri missing. Oocytes about 100 µm in diameter, visible in smaller and larger syntypes. Variation. One specimen (UF 3499) complete, straight. Body pale up to chaetiger 5, thereafter brownish; 16 mm long, 2 mm wide, 15 chaetigers (posterior end removed for molecular analysis; right parapodium of chaetiger 8 removed for parapodial features). Lateral antennae longer than prostomium, slightly longer than palps (Fig. 30A); palpophores twice longer than palpostyles; median antenna broken, inserted between posterior eyes. Eyes brownish, anterior ones twice larger than posterior ones. Longest tentacular cirri reaching chaetiger 7. Pharynx fully exposed (Fig. 30 A–C), lateral vesicles tapered, upper and lower jaws exposed, hyaline, upper one twice larger than lower one. Notochaetae along chaetigers 5–15, many broken, denticulation fine; neurochaetae about 20 per bundle (Fig. 30D), blades 2–9 times longer than wide, guards approaching subdistal tooth (Fig. 30D, insets). Oocytes not seen, coelom full of damaged testis fragments and spermatids.Additional specimens 11–21 mm long, collected in subtidal environments (2–17 m depth). Two specimens (UF 3499, 3586) smaller than syntypes (16–21 mm long) had pharynxes fully exposed, showing lateral vesicles, each with well-defined tips (tapered). Remarks. Leocrates giardi Gravier, 1900 resembles L. claparedii (Costa in Claparède, 1868) from the Mediterranean Sea by having prostomia wider anteriorly, notacicular lobes tapered, and middle chaetigers with about 20–30 neurochaetae. They differ, however, by the shape of notacicular and neuracicular lobes, and by the relative length of neurochaetal blades. In L. giardi notacicular lobes are tapered, neuracicular ones are as long as wide, and neurochaetal blades are 3–10 times longer than wide, whereas in L. claparedii notacicular lobes are blunt, neuracicular ones are wider than long, and blades are 2–8 times longer than wide. The redefinition of L. giardi by Pettibone (1970: 219–221, Figs 17–19) must be discontinued because she did not study type material or topotype specimens, and the specimens she illustrated do not belong to Leocrates, as herein restricted, but to Dalhousia, as redefined above. Distribution. Red Sea, subtidal mixed bottoms (2–17 m depth).Published as part of Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., 2020, Revision of Leocrates Kinberg, 1866 and Leocratides Ehlers, 1908 (Annelida, Errantia, Hesionidae), pp. 1-114 in Zootaxa 4739 (1) on pages 55-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4739.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/367254
Synthesis, characterization and reactivity of tetracyclopentadienyl derivatives of niobium(IV)
No full textFIGURE 4. Male thoracic sternum and pleon. A, B in The resurrection of Charybdis (Gonioinfradens) giardi (Nobili, 1905), newly recorded from the SE Mediterranean Sea
No full textFIGURE 4. Male thoracic sternum and pleon. A, B, Gonioinfradens giardi (Nobili, 1905), male, cl 46.5 mm (SMNHTAU-AR 29776), Israel. C, D, Gonioinfradens giardi (Nobili, 1905), Holotype, male, cl 42.7 mm (MNHN IU-2014-11969, previously MNHN B.5657), United Arab Emirates. E, F, Gonioinfradens paucidentata (A. Milne Edwards, 1861), male, cl 46.9 mm (MNHN), Marquesas Is.Published as part of Galil, Bella S., Douek, Jacob, Gevili, Roy, Goren, Menachem, Yudkovsky, Yana, Paz, Guy & Rinekvich, Baruch, 2018, The resurrection of Charybdis (Gonioinfradens) giardi (Nobili, 1905), newly recorded from the SE Mediterranean Sea, pp. 580-590 in Zootaxa 4370 (5) on page 585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.5.9, http://zenodo.org/record/114738
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