1,721,052 research outputs found
Punitive Reactions to Tax Evasion in Italy: The Moderating Role of Economic System Justification
No full textThe present research investigates whether and how intentionality of (i.e., a retribution-related factor) and the difficulty to detect (i.e., a utilitarianism-related factor) tax evasion may influence people’s punitive reactions depending on individual differences in economic system justification. Results of a moderation analysis revealed (a) a positive effect of intentionality, but not difficult to detect, on punitiveness; (b) a negative effect of economic system justification on punitiveness; (c) an interactive effect between intentionality and economic system justification, suggesting that intentionality predicts punitive reactions towards tax evaders only when economic system justification is low. These results qualify the notion that people are more concerned about retribution than about utilitarianism, thereby providing support for the intuitive retributivism hypothesis. Also, they suggest that economic system justification plays a role in demotivating punishment toward tax evaders, especially in conjunction with retribution
Tecnologia audiovisiva e tecnologia informatica nella formazione e nella didattica: quale integrazione?
No full textVicarious ostracism: behavioral responses of women observing an ostracized gay man
Get PDFResearch on vicarious ostracism showed that people observing another person ostracized try to support him or her and punish the perpetrators. The current brief report investigated the effect of observing an ostracized or included gay man (vs. heterosexual man), among 87 Italian female university students. They firstly observed a first interaction game named Cyberball and then took part in a second Cyberball with the same fictitious players. The results confirmed our expectations, showing that they restored the social pain of the ostracized player more when he was gay than heterosexual, through more ball tosses. Limitations and future directions are discussed
All Are Objects in the Eyes of Those Who Compete: Social motivations and interpersonal objectification
No full textDataset about populist attitudes, social world views, socio-political dispositions, conspiracy beliefs, and anti-immigration attitudes in an Italian sample
Get PDFThis data article provides descriptive and analytic exploration of the links between anti-immigration policies, ideological and political attitudes and voting in an Italian Sample. More specifically, the data set comprises measures of socio-political dispositions (e.g., Right-Wing Authoritarianism), social world views (e.g. Dangerous World Beliefs), populist attitudes, self-reported voting in the last Italian political elections (March 4, 2018), and conspiracy beliefs. The sample consists of 774 participants, mostly non-student adult individuals. Participants completed an anonymous questionnair
Self-other merging induced by Interpersonal Multisensory Stimulation increases interpersonal trust behavior.
No full textStudies show that we can change the representation of the self and self-other boundaries, i.e. induce bodily self-other merging. Indeed, experiencing tactile facial stimulation while seeing similar synchronous stimuli delivered to the face of another individual as in a mirror (IMS procedure), induces the subjective illusory experience of ownership and self-attribution bias of the other’s face (Bufalari et al., 2018).
Recently we showed that IMS changes self-representations making self- and other- neural processing similar (Bufalari et al., 2019), and that the extent of this effect depends on participants’ empathic traits and interdependent self-construal (Bufalari et al., In preparation). IMS may also change interpersonal perception by increasing closeness, attraction, and perceived similarity towards that specific person (Paladino et al., 2010 ; Toscano & Schubert, 2015). Here, we show that experiencing IMS with a previously unknown other may increase interpersonal trust with that person (as measured by the amount of invested money in the trust game), through increasing bodily self-other merging, and this effect is moderated by perceived trustee’s facial trustworthiness. IMS was efficient in increasing investment only when the trustee was moderately or highly untrustworthy before IMS was applied.
In line with the free-energy theoretical account, we speculated that bodily self-other merging may generalize to social processing of others firstly through an increase in perceived physical similarity between self and other (by changing the self-representation and making it similar to the other) and then in conceptual domain, leading to a generalization of positive self-like associations to the other
Am I guilty or not? Deontological guilt, uncertainty, and checking behavior
No full textLiterature suggests that checking behaviors are aimed at reducing feelings of uncertainty both in clinical samples with obsessive-compulsive disorder and in general population. Previous studies also showed that deontological guilt is an emotion often associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate the differences in checking behaviors in the condition of high versus low uncertainty, by exploring the moderating role of deontological versus altruistic guilt. Participants were 108 undergraduate Italian university students who took part in a visual search task designed to elicit checking behavior. Ahead of the visual task, participants were administered one scenario in order to manipulate either deontological or altruistic guilt. The results showed that in the condition of uncertainty, compared with the condition of certainty, participants spent more time in checking behaviors and that such a difference was more consistent when participants experienced deontological rather than altruistic guilt. Limitations and further directions are discussed
Perceived leadership effectiveness among heterosexual and gay men: Do leaders' sexual orientation and gender typicality make a difference?
No full textThis study explored how perceptions of leadership effectiveness by heterosexual and gay evaluators are affected by leaders' sexual orientation and adherence to gender typicality. Participants were 170 men who were asked to assess the leadership effectiveness of a gay or heterosexual male leader who was either described as stereotypically masculine or feminine. Results showed a significant interaction between evaluators' sexual orientation and gender typicality of leaders, indicating that heterosexual men, compared to gay men, perceived the feminine leader as less effective than the masculine leader, regardless of his sexual orientation. Limitations, implications and future directions are discussed
Conspiracy Ideation and Populism
No full textWorldviews characterizing conspiracy theories and populism present similar core beliefs suggesting shared psychological features. Both are expressed through simplified narratives with two morally well-defined sides. Populism articulates narratives implying stark oppositions of internally homogeneous groups (“People” and “élite”) and a Manichean view of these groups (élite = evil). Conspiracy ideation is defined as a general propensity to explain impactful geopolitical events through conspiracy theories, concocted by malevolent élites to the detriment of ordinary people. The present chapter provides a literature review highlighting that individual endorsement of populist attitudes and conspiracy beliefs emerge as psychological responses to threatened basic needs. Both conspiracist and populist narratives offer the alienated masses a renewed sense of certainty and control over reality, self-or-ingroup image. Furthermore, the chapter reports empirical findings about links between conspiracy beliefs and populist attitudes with ideological belief systems such as system justification, social dominance orientation, and right-wing authoritarianism. Results show positive associations of both phenomena with authoritarianism, weak or lacking associations with social dominance orientation, and negative robust relations with system-justifying tendencies. Overall, the chapter provides an integrated perspective of the shared psychosocial roots of the endorsement of political populism and conspiracy beliefs and moves around their potential applied implications
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