103,151 research outputs found
CYTOCHROME P450-DEPENDENT MONOXYGENASE ACTIVITIES AND THEIR INDUCIDILITY BY CLASSICAL P450 INDUCERS IN THE LIVER, KIDNEY AND NASAL MUCOSA OF MALE ADULT RING-NECKED PHEASANTS
No full textCytochrome P450-Dependent Monooxygenase Activities and
Their Inducibility by Classic P450 Inducers in the Liver, Kidney,
and Nasal Mucosa of Male Adult Ring-Necked Pheasants. Giorgi
M., Marini S., Longo V., Mazzaccaro A., Amato G., and Gervasi
P. G. (2000). Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 167, 237–245.
In this study, several P450-dependent monoxygenase activities
in the liver, kidney, and nasal mucosa of ring-necked pheasants
were examined. In addition, the presence and inducibility of P450
isoenzymes in the hepatic and renal tissues of pheasants were
examined by using typical substrates and inducers of P450s along
with polyclonal antibodies raised against mammalian isoforms.
Anti-rat P450 1A1 recognized in microsomes of both pheasant
liver and kidney a protein that was markedly induced by b-naphthoflavone
and accompanied by an increase of various monooxygenases,
in particular, methoxyresorufin-O-demethylase (MROD)
activity. Anti-rat P450 2E1 revealed in microsomes of the pheasant
liver but not in kidney an immunoreactive protein that was
slightly induced by acetone but not accompanied by an increase of
para-nitrophenol hydroxylase activity. On the other hand, acetone
treatment caused an induction of other hepatic monoxygenases
including MROD, erythromycin N-demethylase, and 6b-testosterone
hydroxylase. These two latter activities, known to be markers
for 3A isoenzymes in rodents, were also enhanced in pheasant liver
by phenobarbital but not by dexamethasone. The treatment with
these two inducers also lacked to point out hepatic and renal
proteins immunorelated to P450 3A or 2B subfamily, suggesting
that these isoforms may be not expressed in pheasant. On the other
hand, anti-rat P450 2C11 recognized two immunorelated proteins
in the liver of both control and treated pheasants. The treatment
with clofibrate, a mammalian inducer of 4A subfamily, induced
both in liver and kidney of pheasant: i) a protein that cross-reacted
with anti rat P450 4A1 and ii) the (v) and (v21) lauric acid
hydroxylase activities, known to be associated in mammals to this
P450 subfamily. In the nasal mucosa of pheasant, a protein immunorelated
to P450 2A and some monooxygenase activities (i.e.,
7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase) linked, in mammals, to this isoform
have been found; by contrast a protein immunoreactive with
anti P450 2G1 was not found. In conclusion, the immunochemical
properties and monooxygenase activities of constitutive and inducible
P450s in pheasants were different not only from those of
mammals but also from those of chickens. The findings of the
present work also suggest that the P450 induction profiles might
provide a potential biomarker of pheasant exposure to chemicals or environmental pollutants in the wild-field or in the stock-farm
LA TUTELA INTERNAZIONALE DELLA LIBERTÀ RELIGIOSA: PROBLEMI E PROSPETTIVE
No full textNonostante la sua intrinseca propensione alla pace e alla giustizia, la
religione ha storicamente operato quale catalizzatore di divisioni e conflitti.
Oggi il tema dello ‘scontro tra religioni’ è tornato drammaticamente
di attualità. Assistiamo ovunque all’intensificarsi di episodi di discriminazioni,
intolleranze e violenze basate sulla religione o sul credo, alimentati
dalla diffusione dei fondamentalismi, dal terrorismo internazionale di
matrice islamica e dall’incremento dei flussi migratori. Questi fenomeni
si innestano in una situazione di cronica debolezza della libertà religiosa,
che pur costituendo, insieme alla libertà di pensiero e di coscienza, la
prima tra le libertà civili ad essere stata riconosciuta a livello internazionale,
ha da sempre incontrato enormi ostacoli nella sua concreta realizzazione.
Il presente volume intende offrire un’occasione per riflettere sul
tema della tutela internazionale della libertà religiosa, al fine di evidenziare
problemi e linee di tendenza. La ricerca trae origine da una serie di
considerazioni maturate nell’ambito del dialogo con i colleghi ecclesiasticisti
della Facoltà di Giurisprudenza della Sapienza, Lucia Graziano e
Fabio Franceschi. Tali considerazioni hanno fornito lo spunto iniziale per
un progetto al quale altri studiosi hanno accettato di collaborare, fornendo
alla ricerca un respiro interdisciplinare, che spazia dal diritto internazionale
al diritto dell’Unione europea, al diritto ecclesiastico, al diritto
costituzionale e al diritto comparato.
Il volume si articola in tre parti. Nella prima vengono tracciati i profili
generali della tutela internazionale della libertà religiosa, che sono
esaminati con riguardo non soltanto al sistema delle Nazioni Unite (M.I.
Papa) e agli strumenti internazionali rilevanti sul piano regionale – la
Convenzione europea dei diritti dell’uomo e la Convenzione americana
dei diritti umani (G. Asta); la Carta africana dei diritti dell’uomo e dei
popoli e la Carta araba dei diritti umani (M. Gervasi); il diritto dell’Unione
europea (A. Mignolli) –, ma anche al rapporto tra Santa Sede e Comunità
internazionale (L. Graziano) e all’influenza del diritto internazionale
sulla tutela costituzionale della libertà religiosa nell’ordinamento italiano
(F. Angelini). La seconda parte è dedicata all’esame delle diverse declinazioni della libertà religiosa attraverso lo studio delle connessioni
(talvolta conflittuali) con altri diritti umani, quali il diritto al rispetto
della vita privata e familiare (F. Marongiu Buonaiuti), inclusa la vita familiare
omosessuale (A. Schillaci), e la libertà di espressione (G.C. Bruno),
nonché all’analisi delle interazioni, ugualmente assai complesse, con alcuni
assunti fondamentali degli ordinamenti interni, come il principio di
laicità in relazione all’annosa questione dell’esposizione dei simboli religiosi
(G. Ciliberto e F.M. Palombino) o i precetti della sharia nei Paesi
islamici dell’Africa mediterranea (F. Franceschi). I contributi raccolti
nella terza parte del volume affrontano infine le questioni sollevate dall’esercizio
della libertà religiosa da parte di gruppi o categorie di persone
particolarmente vulnerabili – le minoranze religiose (G. Pascale), i richiedenti
asilo (F. Cherubini), i minori (M. Distefano) e i detenuti (A.
Muccione) – nonché nell’ambito di contesti problematici, come i conflitti
armati, per quanto concerne la tutela dei luoghi di culto (M. Mancini), o
la situazione di certi Stati africani in riferimento all’accesso alle alte cariche
pubbliche (J. Kazadi Mpiana
Occhialini’s Memoirs
No full textIn the two years I spent in Cambridge, most of the time at the Cavendish, I had two, maybe three, personal encounters with Rutherford. My first encounter was the day after my arrival, on the stairs of the Cavendish. Blackett introduced me. I filled one of my rare letters to my father with a description of the event, and of the sense of awe that I felt. I spoke of him as a ‘big carnivore’
La libertà religiosa nelle regioni africana e asiatica tra universalismo e relativismo culturale
No full textThe chapter attempts to demonstrate that regional human rights instruments oriented to cultural relativism do not allow African and Asian States to derogate from the ‘universal’ obligations on freedom of religion enshrined in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), to the extent that they are parties thereto. It is true that a comparison between the ICCPR, on the one hand, and the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, the Arab Charter on Human Rights and the ASEAN Declaration on Human Rights, on the other hand, shows some weaknesses in the protection of religious freedom according to the latter. Nonetheless, leaving aside non-binding instruments like the ASEAN Declaration, some of the emerging weaknesses are due to differences that may be overcome by interpretation. As to the differences giving rise to normative conflicts or incompatibilities, African and Asian States are either expected to primarily apply the ICCPR by virtue of the conflict clauses established in the regional treaties, or in any event responsible for a breach of the ICCPR although their conduct is consistent with the regional treaties
Valorization of Agro-Industrial Orange Peel By-Products through Fermentation Strategies
No full textThe use of whole-cell biocatalysts in microbial cell factories is of great interest to produce
added-value compounds. Through large-scale fermentative processes, which use secondary raw
materials as substrates, it is possible to recycle and upgrade agro-industrial by-products. This review
addresses the main fermentative processes and bioreactors currently used for the valorization of
orange peel, a by-product of the Citrus processing industry. Among the main added-value products,
bioethanol, organic acids, enzymes, single cell proteins (SCPs), dyes and aromatic compounds
have been industrially produced using orange peel via solid state fermentation and submerged
fermentation. This approach fits within the circular economy goals in terms of clean technology and
renewable energy, valorization and recycling, upgrade of industrial by-products and sustainability
A Logical Approach to Cooperative Information Systems
No full text``Cooperative information system management'' refers to the capacity of several computing systems to communicate and cooperate in order to acquire, store, manage, query data and knowledge. Current solutions to the problem of cooperative information management are still far from being satisfactory. In particular, they lack the ability to fully model cooperation among heterogeneous systems according to a declarative style. The use of a logical approach to model all aspects of cooperation seems very promising. In this paper, we de®ne a logical language able to support cooperative queries, updates and update propagation. We model the sources of information as deductive databases, sharing the same logical language to ex- press queries and updates, but containing independent, even if possibly related, data. We use the Obj-U-Datalog (E. Bertino, G. Guerrini, D. Montesi, Toward deductive object data- bases, Theory and Practice of Object Systems 1 (1) (1995) 19±39) language to model queries and transactions in each source of data. Such language is then extended to deal with active rules in the style of Active-U-Datalog (E. Bertino, B. Catania, V. Gervasi, A. Ra aet a, Ac- tive-U-Datalog: Integrating active rules in a logical update language, in: B. Freitag, H. Decker, M. Kifer, A. Voronkov (Eds.), LBCS 1472: Transactions and Change in Login Databases, 1998, pp. 106±132), interpreted according to the PARK semantics proposed in G. Gottlob, G. Moerkotte, V.S. Subrahmanian (The PARK semantics for active rules, in: P.M.G. Apers, M. Bouzeghoub, G. Gardarin (Eds.), LNCS 1057: Proceedings of the Fifth International Con- ference on Extending Database Technology, 1996, pp. 35±55). By using active rules, a system can e ciently perform update propagation among di erent databases. The result is a logical environment, integrating active and deductive rules, to perform update propagation in a cooperative framework
A logical approach to cooperative information systems
No full text"Cooperative information system management" refers to the capacity of several computing systems to communicate and cooperate in order to acquire, store, manage, query data and knowledge. Current solutions to the problem of cooperative information management are still far from being satisfactory. In particular, they lack the ability to fully model cooperation among heterogeneous systems according to a declarative style. The use of a logical approach to model all aspects of cooperation seems very promising. In this paper, we define a logical language able to support cooperative queries, updates and update propagation. We model the sources of information as deductive databases, sharing the same logical language to express queries and updates, but containing independent, even if possibly related, data. We use the Obj-U-Datalog (E. Bertino, G. Guerrini, D. Montesi, Toward deductive object databases, Theory and Practice of Object Systems 1 (1) (1995) 19-39) language to model queries and transactions in each source of data. Such language is then extended to deal with active rules in the style of Active-U-Datalog (E. Bertino, B. Catania, V. Gervasi, A. Raffaeta, Active-U-Datalog: Integrating active rules in a logical update language, in: B. Freitag, H. Decker, M. Kifer, A. Voronkov (Eds.), LBCS 1472: Transactions and Change in Login Databases, 1998, pp. 106-132), interpreted according to the PARK semantics proposed in G. Gottlob, G. Moerkotte, V.S. Subrahmanian (The PARK semantics for active rules, in: P.M.G. Apers, M. Bouzeghoub, G. Gardarin (Eds.), LNCS 1057: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Extending Database Technology, 1996, pp. 35-55). By using active rules, a system can efficiently perform update propagation among different databases. The result is a logical environment, integrating active and deductive rules, to perform update propagation in a cooperative framework. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved
LA TUTELA INTERNAZIONALE DELLA LIBERTÀ RELIGIOSA: PROBLEMI E PROSPETTIVE
No full textonostante la sua intrinseca propensione alla pace e alla giustizia, la
religione ha storicamente operato quale catalizzatore di divisioni e conflitti.
Oggi il tema dello ‘scontro tra religioni’ è tornato drammaticamente
di attualità. Assistiamo ovunque all’intensificarsi di episodi di discriminazioni,
intolleranze e violenze basate sulla religione o sul credo, alimentati
dalla diffusione dei fondamentalismi, dal terrorismo internazionale di
matrice islamica e dall’incremento dei flussi migratori. Questi fenomeni
si innestano in una situazione di cronica debolezza della libertà religiosa,
che pur costituendo, insieme alla libertà di pensiero e di coscienza, la
prima tra le libertà civili ad essere stata riconosciuta a livello internazionale,
ha da sempre incontrato enormi ostacoli nella sua concreta realizzazione.
Il presente volume intende offrire un’occasione per riflettere sul
tema della tutela internazionale della libertà religiosa, al fine di evidenziare
problemi e linee di tendenza. La ricerca trae origine da una serie di
considerazioni maturate nell’ambito del dialogo con i colleghi ecclesiasticisti
della Facoltà di Giurisprudenza della Sapienza, Lucia Graziano e
Fabio Franceschi. Tali considerazioni hanno fornito lo spunto iniziale per
un progetto al quale altri studiosi hanno accettato di collaborare, fornendo
alla ricerca un respiro interdisciplinare, che spazia dal diritto internazionale
al diritto dell’Unione europea, al diritto ecclesiastico, al diritto
costituzionale e al diritto comparato.
Il volume si articola in tre parti. Nella prima vengono tracciati i profili
generali della tutela internazionale della libertà religiosa, che sono
esaminati con riguardo non soltanto al sistema delle Nazioni Unite (M.I.
Papa) e agli strumenti internazionali rilevanti sul piano regionale – la
Convenzione europea dei diritti dell’uomo e la Convenzione americana
dei diritti umani (G. Asta); la Carta africana dei diritti dell’uomo e dei
popoli e la Carta araba dei diritti umani (M. Gervasi); il diritto dell’Unione
europea (A. Mignolli) –, ma anche al rapporto tra Santa Sede e Comunità
internazionale (L. Graziano) e all’influenza del diritto internazionale
sulla tutela costituzionale della libertà religiosa nell’ordinamento italiano
(F. Angelini). La seconda parte è dedicata all’esame delle diverse declinazioni della libertà religiosa attraverso lo studio delle connessioni
(talvolta conflittuali) con altri diritti umani, quali il diritto al rispetto
della vita privata e familiare (F. Marongiu Buonaiuti), inclusa la vita familiare
omosessuale (A. Schillaci), e la libertà di espressione (G.C. Bruno),
nonché all’analisi delle interazioni, ugualmente assai complesse, con alcuni
assunti fondamentali degli ordinamenti interni, come il principio di
laicità in relazione all’annosa questione dell’esposizione dei simboli religiosi
(G. Ciliberto e F.M. Palombino) o i precetti della sharia nei Paesi
islamici dell’Africa mediterranea (F. Franceschi). I contributi raccolti
nella terza parte del volume affrontano infine le questioni sollevate dall’esercizio
della libertà religiosa da parte di gruppi o categorie di persone
particolarmente vulnerabili – le minoranze religiose (G. Pascale), i richiedenti
asilo (F. Cherubini), i minori (M. Distefano) e i detenuti (A.
Muccione) – nonché nell’ambito di contesti problematici, come i conflitti
armati, per quanto concerne la tutela dei luoghi di culto (M. Mancini), o
la situazione di certi Stati africani in riferimento all’accesso alle alte cariche
pubbliche (J. Kazadi Mpiana
Bioconversion of Date Waste into Bacterial Nanocellulose by a New Isolate Komagataeibacter sp. IS22 and Its Use as Carrier Support for Probiotics Delivery
No full textBacterial nanocellulose (BNC) has gained considerable interest over the last decade due to its unique properties and versatile applications. However, the low yield and the high production cost significantly limit its industrial scalability. The proposed study explores the isolation of new BNC producers from date palm sap and the use of date waste extract as a sustainable carbon source to improve BNC productivity. Results revealed three potential BNC producers identified as Komagataeibacter sp. IS20, Komagataeibacter sp. IS21, and Komagataeibacter sp. IS22 with production yield of 1.7 g/L, 0.8 g/L and 1.8 g/L, respectively, in Hestrin-Schramm (HS) medium. The biopolymer characterization indicated the presence of type I cellulose, a high thermal stability, and a highly dense network made of cellulose nanofibrils for all BNC samples. The isolate IS22, showing the highest productivity, was selected for an optimization procedure using a full factorial design with date waste extract as a carbon source. The BNC yield increased to 6.59 g/L using 4% date waste extract and 2% ethanol after 10 days of incubation compared to the standard media (1.8 g/L). Two probiotic strains, including Bacillus subtilis (BS), and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) were successfully encapsulated into BNC matrix through a co-culture approach. The BNC-LP and BNC-BS composites showed antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BNC-probiotic composites have emerged as a promising strategy for the effective delivery of viable probiotics in a wide range of applications. Overall, this study supports the use of date waste extract as a sustainable carbon source to enhance BNC productivity and reduce the environmental footprint using a high-yielding producer (IS22). Furthermore, the produced BNC demonstrated promising potential as an efficient carrier matrix for probiotic delivery
Software manipulation with annotations in Java
No full textAnnotations are a recent feature introduced in languages such as Java, C#, and other languages of the .NET family, which allow programmers to attach arbitrary, structured and typed metadata to their code. These languages run on top of so-called virtual execution environments, e.g. the JVM for Java, and the CLR for .NET languages, which allow for the run-time generation of executable code.
In this paper we explore how annotations and the dynamic code generation capability can be used together to provide programmers with high-level methods for dynamic generation and modification of an application’s code — at run-time. The paper introduces the @Java language, which is an extension to Java allowing annotation of arbitrary statements, and the JDAsm library, which is an infrastructure for bytecode manipulation which uses @Java annotations to pinpoint the locations and code fragments that are being manipulated. Together, they allow type-safe and fully symbolic runtime code modification and generation without any need to explicitly address bytecode instructions
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