1,720,983 research outputs found
Corte penale internazionale. Attività della Corte nel biennio 2013-2014
No full textLa presente rassegna concerne l’attività svolta dalla Corte Penale Internazionale (CPI) nel 2013 e nel 20141. Essa è ripartita in due sezioni: la prima dedicata all’analisi delle situazioni sotto esame preliminare dell’Ufficio del Procuratore, mentre la seconda alle situazioni rispetto alle quali sono state aperte formalmente le indagini e che sono state portate dinanzi alla Corte. Particolare spazio verrà destinato alle sentenze emesse nei confronti di Lubanga, in appello, e di Katanga, in primo grado, costituendo esse le uniche due pronunce di colpevolezza adottate dalla Corte nel lasso di tempo considerato
Rilievi critici sull'Accordo di Parigi. le sue potenzialità e il suo ruolo nell'evoluzione dell'azione internazionale di contrasto al cambiamento climatico
No full textAdopted in December 2015, the Paris Agreement may be compared to the 1992 United Nations Framework on Climate Change and the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. Regarding the mitigation of climate change, the adaptation to its adverse impacts and the international cooperation, several provisions of the Agreement are indeterminate or merely recommendatory, or grant the Parties a broad margin of appreciation. Furthermore, the review mechanisms are non-punitive and partly based on the implementation of the Agreement by all the Parties. The said weaknesses show a certain reluctance of the States, raising doubts about the potentialities of the Agreement. On the other hand, the Paris Agreement plays a role in the fight against climate change, since it confirms the trends towards the adaptation perspective and facilitation
Vita familiare e maternità surrogata nella sentenza definitiva della corte europea dei diritti umani sul caso Paradiso et Campanelli
Get PDFOn 24 January 2017 the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights issued the final judgment on the case Paradiso and Campanelli v. Italy, concerning the removal of a child born abroad by surrogacy from its intended parents. Differently from the previous judgment of 27 January 2015, the Grand Chamber held that there was no breach of article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Considering that the Court reached such conclusion mainly by denying the existence of a family life, I submit that several shortcomings flow from the relevant reasoning followed by the Court. The consolidation of these weaknesses risks eroding the notion of family life as based on the substance of relationships regardless of biological or legal links as well as of a mere quantitative evaluation. Indeed, the denial of the existence of a de facto family life allowed the Grand Chamber to avoid being faced with the hard balance between the safeguard of the familiar unity and the wide margin of appreciation of States when such an ethical and moral issue is at stake as surrogacy. To the extent that a no breach outcome was to be reached, maybe the Court should have admitted the existence of a family life and applied the margin of appreciation doctrine in order to avoid the adverse impacts of the judgment on the substantial notion of family life as well as future applications regarding surrogacy
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). L'attività dell'UNEP nel biennio 2013-2014
No full textLa presente rassegna concerne l’attività svolta dal Programma delle Nazioni Unite per l’ambiente (United Nations Environment Programme - UNEP) nel biennio 2013-2014
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). l'attività dell'UNEP nel biennio 2015-2016
No full textLa presente rassegna ha per oggetto l’attività svolta dal Programma delle Nazioni Unite per l’ambiente (United Nations Environment Programme-UNEP) nel biennio intercorrente tra il 2015 e il 2016. L’azione realizzata dal Programma nel periodo in esame sarà analizzata anzitutto alla luce delle risoluzioni dell’Assemblea delle Nazioni Unite per l’ambiente (United Nations Environment Assembly-UNEA), che, com’è noto, è l’organo di vertice dell’UNEP, ove siedono tutti i centonovantatre Stati membri delle Nazioni Unite
On the United States’ Decision to Withdraw from and Cease Implementation of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change
No full textThis article attempts to investigate the significance and implications of the United States’ decision to withdraw from and cease implementation of the Paris Agreement on climate change, as announced in the statement released by President Trump on 1st June 2017. It is argued that that decision risks giving rise to a serious setback for the international protection of climate. Yet, the Parties to the Paris Agreement have so far been reluctant to react to the United States’ conduct. In particular, since the United States withdrawal could not have effect before 4 November 2020, the cessation of implementation of the Paris Agreement has already resulted in a wrongful act, at least as regards the obligation to pursue domestic mitigation measures with the aim of achieving the objectives of the nationally determined contributions. Should the Parties to the Paris Agreement invoke the responsibility of the United States, they would eventually face the need to solve certain difficulties emerging from the application of the general rules concerning State responsibility to a case relevant to climate change, because the implementation mechanism of the Paris Agreement would prove to be inadequate owing to its facilitative natur
Prevention of Environmental Harm under General International Law. An Alternative Reconstruction
No full textPrevention of environmental harm is commonly regarded as an obligation
established by a customary rule of international law. However, many
questions are still unanswered, including the exact content of such an
obligation. This book attempts to address those questions by proposing a
different reconstruction: it is argued that prevention of environmental harm
amounts to a general principle of international law, rather than a customary
rule. To this end, the book discusses the weaknesses of the classification of
prevention as a customary obligation. It then demonstrates that prevention of
environmental harm has actually operated as a general principle, inspiring
the formation of more specific rules and performing a guiding function
within international case law. In light of this, the problem of the content of
prevention under general international law is reformulated as one of
identifying the customary rules embodying it. Since the dilution of
prevention of environmental harm by the concept of sustainable
development is apparent from the current trends within customary
international law, the book concludes by exploring what role the principle
of prevention might play in the future, particularly in a de-growth scenario
La responsabilità internazionale degli Stati per inquinamento transfrontaliero
Get PDFLa tesi affronta il problema della responsabilità internazionale degli Stati per inquinamento transfrontaliero sotto il profilo delle norme primarie di diritto internazionale generale. In particolare, lo scopo della ricerca è verificare l'asserita esistenza di un obbligo consuetudinario di prevenzione dell'inquinamento transfrontaliero. A tal fine, è adottato un approccio induttivo, fondato sull'analisi della condotta degli Stati a fronte dei principali episodi di inquinamento transfrontaliero, della giurisprudenza internazionale, delle convenzioni internazionali e della prassi in seno all'Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite
La tutela internazionale della libertà religiosa: problemi e prospettive
No full textNonostante la sua intrinseca propensione alla pace e alla giustizia, la
religione ha storicamente operato quale catalizzatore di divisioni e conflitti:
oggi il tema dello ‘scontro tra religioni’ è tornato drammaticamente
di attualità, come è dimostrato dall’intensificarsi di episodi di discriminazioni,
intolleranze e violenze basate sulla religione o sul credo. Alimentati
dalla diffusione dei fondamentalismi, dal terrorismo internazionale di
matrice islamica e dall’incremento dei flussi migratori, questi fenomeni si
innestano in una situazione di cronica debolezza della libertà religiosa,
che, pur costituendo insieme alla libertà di pensiero e di coscienza una tra
le prime libertà civili ad essere stata riconosciuta a livello internazionale,
ha da sempre incontrato enormi ostacoli nella sua concreta realizzazione.
Alla luce di queste considerazioni, il presente volume intende offrire
un’occasione per riflettere sui problemi e sulle linee di tendenza in materia
di tutela internazionale della libertà religiosa
Lighthouses and Lightships
No full textLighthouses, lightships, and other maritime signals are a reference point for the routes of ships and boats, indicating the presence of specific dangers or stretches of sea that are particularly difficult to cross. Therefore, they fall within the scope of aids to navigation.
The regulation and administration of lighthouses and other maritime signals is generally a matter for coastal States. However, since the second half of the 19 century efforts have been made to devise uniform rules on maritime signals and to conclude international agreements concerning the construction, maintenance, and operation of some lighthouses of particular importance to international maritime traffic.
It is also noteworthy that lighthouses and other installations that serve as aids to navigation can be decisive in establishing a State’s sovereignty over a given island. In this regard, the question has arisen as to whether and to what extent the presence of a lighthouse has a bearing on the sovereign rights of a coastal State as far as the distinction between islands and rocks under Art. 121 of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea is concerned
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