196,115 research outputs found
Tampering in RFID: A Survey on Risks and Defenses
No full textRFID is a well-known pervasive technology, which provides promising opportunities for the implementation of new services and for the improvement of traditional ones. However, pervasive environments require strong efforts on all the aspects of information security. Notably, RFID passive tags are exposed to attacks, since strict limitations affect the security techniques for this technology. A critical threat for RFIDbased information systems is represented by data tampering, which corresponds to the malicious alteration of data recorded in the tag memory. The aim of this paper is to describe the characteristics and the effects of data tampering in RFID-based information systems, and to survey the approaches proposed by the research community to protect against it. The most important recent studies on privacy and security for RFID-based systems are examined, and the protection given against tampering is evaluated. This paper provides readers with an exhaustive overview on risks and defenses against data tampering, highlighting RFID weak spots and open issue
Canonu[m] ac legu[m] div[er]sitas loque[n]tiu[m] de ma[teria] i[n]fras[crip]ta ... ;:B[re]viariu[m] ad o[mn]es m[ateri]as i[n] iur[e] canoni[co] inveniendas ; Libelus sup[er] ordine[m] [et] ca[us]s mallor[um] dudu[m] P[er]usii [com]pilatus et p[ost]ea Senis refformatus correctus et supplet[us] M.CC.lxxxxviii ...
No full textThis manuscript contans several texts; the first, the Canonum ac legum diversitas, is attributed to Jacobus de Baysio (Id circo, ego Jacobus de Baysio cuius reginus dictus decretorum doctorum...) ; the second, the Breviarium iuris canonici or Margarita Decretalium, has been attributed to Bernard of Parma and Petrus Ilerdensis; the third, the Libellus super ordinem et causis mallorum was compiled in 1298 and attributed to Albericus de Gandino (Cum asiderem Perusii iam est dui ego Albericus de Gandino). Fol. 1r-v, 3v, 20r, and 76r-v are blank.
Recommended from our members
Canonu[m] ac legu[m] div[er]sitas loque[n]tiu[m] de ma[teria] i[n]fras[crip]ta ... ;:B[re]viariu[m] ad o[mn]es m[ateri]as i[n] iur[e] canoni[co] inveniendas ; Libelus sup[er] ordine[m] [et] ca[us]s mallor[um] dudu[m] P[er]usii [com]pilatus et p[ost]ea Senis refformatus correctus et supplet[us] M.CC.lxxxxviii ...
No full textThis manuscript contans several texts; the first, the Canonum ac legum diversitas, is attributed to Jacobus de Baysio (Id circo, ego Jacobus de Baysio cuius reginus dictus decretorum doctorum...) ; the second, the Breviarium iuris canonici or Margarita Decretalium, has been attributed to Bernard of Parma and Petrus Ilerdensis; the third, the Libellus super ordinem et causis mallorum was compiled in 1298 and attributed to Albericus de Gandino (Cum asiderem Perusii iam est dui ego Albericus de Gandino). Fol. 1r-v, 3v, 20r, and 76r-v are blank.
INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM REGULATES THE TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTOR ENCODED BY THE MET ONCOGENE
No full textPrevious work (Gandino, L., Di Renzo, M. F., Giordano, S., Bussolino, F., and Comoglio, P. M. (1990) Oncogene 5, 721-725) has shown that the tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor encoded by the MET protooncogene is negatively modulated by protein kinase C (PKC). We now show that an increase of intracellular Ca2+ has a similar inhibitory effect in vivo, via a PKC-independent mechanism. In GTL-16 cells the p145MET kinase is overexpressed and constitutively phosphorylated on tyrosine. A rapid and reversible decrease of p145MET tyrosine phosphorylation was induced by treatment with the calcium ionophores A23187 or ionomycin. Experiments performed with the ionophores in absence of extracellular calcium showed that a rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration to 450 nM (due to release from intracellular stores) resulted in a similar effect. These Ca2+ concentrations had no effect on p145MET autophosphorylation in an in vitro kinase assay. This suggests that the effect of Ca2+ on p145MET tyrosine phosphorylation is not direct but may be mediated by Ca2+-activated protein(s). Involvement of Ca2+-dependent tyrosine phosphatases was ruled out by experiments carried out in presence of Na3VO4. In vivo labeling with [P-32]orthophosphate showed that the rise of intracellular Ca2+ induces serine phosphorylation of p145MET on a specific phosphopeptide. This suggests that Ca2+ negatively modulates p145MET kinase through the phosphorylation of a critical serine residue by a Ca2+-activated serine kinase distinct from PKC
Probabilistic DCS: An RFID reader-to-reader anti-collision protocol
No full textThe wide adoption of radio frequency identification (RFID) for applications requiring a large number of tags and readers makes critical the reader-to-reader collision problem. Various anti-collision protocols have been proposed, but the majority require considerable additional resources and costs. Distributed color system (DCS) is a state-of-the-art protocol based on time division, without noteworthy additional requirements. This paper presents the probabilistic DCS (PDCS) reader-to-reader anti-collision protocol which employs probabilistic collision resolution. Differently from previous time division protocols, PDCS allows multichannel transmissions, according to international RFID regulations. A theoretical analysis is provided in order to clearly identify the behavior of the additional parameter representing the probability. The proposed protocol maintains the features of DCS, achieving more efficiency. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the number of reader-to-reader collisions after a slot change is decreased by over 30%. The simulation analysis validates the theoretical results, and shows that PDCS reaches better performance than state-of-the-art reader-to-reader anti-collision protocol
On Improving Automation by Integrating RFID in the Traceability Management of the Agri-Food Sector
No full textTraceability is a key factor for the agri-food sector. RFID technology, widely adopted for supply chain management, can be used effectively for the traceability management. In this paper, a framework for the evaluation of a traceability system for the agri-food industry is presented and the automation level in an RFID-based traceability system is analyzed and compared with respect to traditional ones. Internal and external traceability are both considered and formalized, in order to classify different environments, according to their automation level. Traceability systems used in a sample sector are experimentally analyzed, showing that by using RFID technology, agri-food enterprises increase their automation level and also their efficiency, in a sustainable wa
Transitory master key transport layer security for WSNs
No full textSecurity approaches in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are normally based on symmetric cryptography. Instead of symmetric encryption, some alternative approaches have been developed by using public-key cryptography. However, the higher computational cost represents a hard limitation to their use. In this paper, a new key management protocol is proposed. A transitory symmetric key is used to authenticate nodes in the network during the key establishment. However, pairwise keys are established using asymmetric cryptography. A theoretical analysis shows that the computational effort required by the public key cryptosystem is greatly reduced, while the security of the network is increased with respect to state-of-the-art schemes based on a transitory master key. Moreover, an experimental analysis demonstrates that this proposed approach can reduce the time spent for key establishment by about 35%
Estimation of displacement for internet of things applications with kalman filter
No full textIn the vision of the Internet of Things, an object embedded in the physical world is recognizable and becomes smart by communicating data about itself and by accessing aggregate information from other devices. One of the most useful types of information for interactions among objects regards their movement. Mobile devices can infer their position by exploiting an embedded accelerometer. However, the double integration of the acceleration may not guarantee a reliable estimation of the displacement of the device (i.e., the difference in the new location). In fact, noise and measurement errors dramatically affect the assessment. This paper investigates the benefits and drawbacks of the use of the Kalman filter as a correction technique to achieve more precise estimation of displacement. The approach is evaluated with two accelerometers embedded in commercial devices: A smartphone and a sensor platform. The results show that the technique based on the Kalman filter dramatically reduces the percentage error, in comparison to the assessment made by double integration of the acceleration data; in particular, the precision is improved by up to 72%. At the same time, the computational overhead due to the Kalman filter can be assumed to be negligible in almost all application scenarios
Secure Intermittent Computing with ARM TrustZone on the Cortex-M
No full textComputer systems that operate on volatile energy sources typically rely on intermittent computing approaches, which involve checkpointing the system's state and persisting a checkpoint to non-volatile memory before the system loses power, and then restoring this checkpointed state when the power supply becomes available again. This process allows for long-running tasks to make progress, but involves security risks when power interruption is used as an attack vector. Based on earlier work that secures checkpoints and checkpoint restoration on the MSP430 MCU, we implement and evaluate a secure intermittent computing protocol that relies on the security features of TrustZone on a Cortex-M MCU to protect the integrity, authenticity, state continuity, and freshness of checkpointed state. Our results show that checkpoints can be created or restored in 20–40 ms, depending on workload sizes. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to implement a complete checkpoint utility for the ARM TrustZone's secure world
- …
