125,445 research outputs found
Miconia veraguensis Gamba & Almeda 2014, spec. nov.
No full text33. Miconia veraguensis Gamba & Almeda, spec. nov. (Fig. 26) Related to M. approximata by virtue of the densely fasciculate glomerules. Distinguished by the elliptic ovate berries which are larger than in its closest relatives; 6.59–7.34 × 4.31–5.3 mm. Type: PANAMA. Prov. Veraguas: Trail to Reserva Biológica Serranía de Tute and the summit of Cerro Tute about 0.7 km beyond the Escuela Agrícola Río Piedra just outside Santa Fe, 860–1300 m, 18 February 1996, Almeda et al. 7620 (holotype: CAS!; isotype MO!, NY!, PMA!). Little-branched shrub 1–1.5 m tall, bark green-brown. Upper internodes rounded-quadrate 1.09–1.91 cm long, cauline nodes slightly compressed becoming terete with age, nodal line present. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles, adaxial leaf surface, primary, secondary and tertiary veins adaxially and abaxially, bracts, bracteoles, pedicels, hypanthia, calyx lobes and calyx teeth densely covered with caducous white-translucent elongate slightly roughened trichomes 1–1.5 mm long, each trichome deflexed and somewhat flattened, intermixed with a dense understory of dendritic trichomes 0.2–0.5 mm long with moderately long thin-walled arms. Leaves of each pair slightly anisophyllous in size; subsessile to short-petiolate, the free rounded-quadrate petioles 0.42–0.95 cm long (on larger leaves) or 0.21–0.4 cm long (on smaller leaves), widely canaliculate adaxially, convexly 3-grooved abaxially, succulent, brownish; larger blades 12.5–20.5 × 6–9 cm, elliptic-obovate, the base acute or roundedcordate, shortly decurrent on the petiole, the margin crenulate to subentire, the apex bluntly apiculate; smaller blades 6.5–14 × 4.75–8.7 cm, elliptic-obovate to obovate, the base slightly rounded to attenuate, shortly decurrent on the petiole, the margin crenulate to subentire, the apex bluntly apiculate; chartaceous; adaxial surface of mature leaves, primary, secondary and tertiary veins glabrescent, the elongate roughened trichomes denser toward the base, the higher order veins glabrous; abaxial surface superficially glabrous, microscopically papillose with resinous unfurrowed or slightly furrowed glands to 0.1 mm in diameter, the indumentum on the secondary veins intermixed with a resinous understory of minute sessile to short-stalked glands 0.1 mm long with thin-walled short heads, these glands also present on the tertiary and higher order veins, sparsely intermixed with white furrowed sessile glands ca. 0.1 mm long; 5–(7-) plinerved, including the tenuous marginals, innermost pair of secondary veins diverging symmetrically from the primary vein 0.5–3 cm above the base, areolae 0.3–0.4 mm, adaxially the primary, secondary and tertiary veins deeply impressed, the higher order veins slightly so, abaxially the primary and secondary veins elevated and terete, somewhat succulent, the tertiary and higher order veins slightly raised to flat. Inflorescences a congested, axillary and fasciculate many-bracted glomerule 1.22–2.18 cm long, sessile, SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 139 unbranched, paired or appearing verticillate in the upper leaf axils and at defoliated nodes; bracts 5.43–7.04 × 2.75–3.95 mm, elliptic to elliptic-ovate, concave, the apex acute, greenish, glabrescent, persistent in fruit. Flowers not seen, probably 4-merous based on persistent calyx lobes in fruit, sessile. Hypanthia in fruit 6.4–6.85 × 1.5–2 mm, free portion of hypanthium 1.6–1.8 mm long, subcylindric to urceolate, bluntly 8-ribbed, green, the indumentum mostly consisting of dendritic trichomes to 0.3 mm long, intermixed with minute sessile glands and with white furrowed sessile glands, both ca. 0.1 mm long, ridged on the inner surface, glabrous, the torus adaxially glabrous, somewhat glossy. Calyx persistent in fruit, green to brown; tube 0.3–0.5 mm long, glabrous adaxially, with the same vestiture as the hypanthium abaxially; lobes 2–2.5 × 1.5–1.8 mm, triangular, slightly concave, the margin entire, the apex bluntly acute, the indumentum intermixed with the same two types of glands present on the hypanthium, spreading to reflexed in fruit; exterior calyx teeth to 1.8 mm long, linear-deltoid, thick, inserted half way up the lobes and projecting beyond them. Ovary (in fruit) 4-locular, completely inferior, 4.8–5 mm long, the apical collar 1 × 0.8–1 mm, conic, glandular-puberulent. Berries 6.59–7.34 × 4.31–5.3 mm when dry, globoseelliptic to globose-obovate, light green, ripening orange, the hypanthial indumentum persistent at maturity. Seeds 0.57–0.75 × 0.39–0.44 mm, pyramidal, yellow-brown; lateral symmetrical plane triangular, the highest point near the central part of the seed, with a foot-like projection at the micropylar end; antiraphal symmetrical plane suboblong; raphal zone suboblong, ca. 80% the length of the seed; multicellular sculpture rugose throughout the seed. Individual cells elongate and isodiametric, the latter found at the highest point of the seed, anticlinal boundaries channeled, undulate, with Ω- and U-type patterns; periclinal walls convex, low- to high-domed, microrelief striate. Additional specimens studied:— PANAMA. Veraguas: Along trail to summit of Cerro Tute about 1/ 2 mile above the Escuela Agrícola Alto Piedra near Santa Fe, 8.48222°N, - 1.09805°W, 900–1100 m, 29 January 1989, Almedaet al. 6480 (CAS, MO, NY, PMA). Illustration:— Fig. 26. Common names and documented uses:— None recorded. Habitat, distribution and ecology:— A local and uncommon species known only from cloud forests of Cerro Tute in the province of Veraguas, Panama (Fig. 16), at 860–1300 m. Phenology:— Collected in fruit in January and February. Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the province of Veraguas in Panama, where this species appears to be endemic. Discussion:— This species has a distinctive white-translucent lanate vegetative indumentum, flowers that are congested in fasciculate glomerules with conspicuous bracts, and large bright orange mature berries. In its poorly developed inflorescences and rugose seeds, M. veraguensis is most similar, and also most closely related, to those species in the Approximata subclade that have sessile fasciculate glomerules. Miconia approximata which occurs nearly throughout Central America south to Ecuador has a thicker and darker vestiture, shorter, globose-oblate fruits at maturity (2–2.5 × 5–6 mm vs. 6.59–7.34 × 4.31–5.3 mm that is globose-elliptic to globose-obovate). In Veraguas province, M. approximata is only known from Isla de Coiba. Miconia veraguensis is also similar to M. chocoensis and M. quadridomius, two South American species that have a longer lanate indumentum (1.5–3 mm vs. 1–1.5 mm) and smaller berries. Although flowers of this species remain unknown, it is clearly distinct from its close relatives in the characters mentioned above. Conservation status:— This species would be considered Critically endangered CR Dbased on IUCN criteria. Because this species is rare and local in a protected area of the Cerro Tute in Veraguas, Panama, a status of Vulnerable VU is warranted. 140 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 141 142 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 143 144 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 145 146 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 147 148 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 149 Excluded species Clidemia radicans Pilger (1905: 179). Type: PERÚ. Amazonia: close to Leticia, Ule 6869 (holotype: MG; isotype: B-internet image!, photograph: F!). = Clidemia epiphytica var. trichocalyx (Blake) Wurdack (1964: 215–216). Ossaea ciliata (Triana) Cogniaux (1891a: 1067). Davya ciliata Grisebach (1860b: 265). Octopleura ciliata Triana (1871: 146). Type: In insula TRINITATIS, Crueger s.n. (holotype: BR-internet image!). = Miconia lateriflora Cogniaux (1909: 255). Ossaea involucrata (Grisebach) Triana (1871: 147). Type: CUBA. Prope Monte Verde, 1856–1857, Wright 194 (holotype: BR- 2 sheets-internet images!). = Calycogonium involucratum Grisebach (1860c: 184).Published as part of Gamba, Diana & Almeda, Frank, 2014, Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America, pp. 1-174 in Phytotaxa 179 (1) on pages 139-150, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.179.1.
Valuing Modularity as a Real Option
No full textWe provide a general valuation approach for capital budgeting decisions involving the modularization of a system. Within the framework developed by Baldwin and Clark (2000), we implement an approach using a numerical procedure based on the Least Squares Monte Carlo method proposed by Longstaff and Schwartz (2001). The approach is accurate, general and flexible
A Fast Conservative Spectral Solver For The Nonlinear Boltzmann Collision Operator
No full textWe present a conservative spectral method for the fully nonlinear Boltzmann collision operator based on the weighted convolution structure in Fourier space developed by Gamba and Tharkabhushnanam.. This method can simulate a broad class of collisions, including both elastic and inelastic collisions as well as angularly dependent cross sections in which grazing collisions play a major role. The extension presented in this paper consists of factorizing the convolution weight on quadrature points by exploiting the symmetric nature of the particle interaction law, which reduces the computational cost and memory requirements of the method to O(M(2)N(4)logN) from the O(N-6) complexity of the original spectral method, where N is the number of velocity grid points in each velocity dimension and M is the number of quadrature points in the factorization, which can be taken to be much smaller than N. We present preliminary numerical results.Mathematic
A comparison of various geometrical feature for damage assessment in VHR urban imagery
No full textUrban areas require scene interpretation tools with particular attention to geometric
features. Indeed, spatial analysis must be coupled to spectral characterization of ur-
ban materials if reliable and suitable land use or change detection maps needs to be
extracted. This is particularly true for Very High spatial resolution (VHR) imagery,
increasingly available both in the optical and the microwave regions of the electro-
magnetic spectrum.
In past work on spaceborne characterization of urban areas the most common geomet-
rical clues to scene interpretation in urban areas have always been segments, or edges.
They were used for instance for land use discrimination [1] or improved change detec-
tion techniques [2]. More complex geometrical features have been traditionally used
for aerial image interpretation, with a long experience due to the longer availability
of finer spatial resolution data. In the near future the availability of VHR data from
spaceborne platforms requires somehow a convergence of the two methodologies.
In this work, we try and analyze the possibility to exploit higher level geometrical
features, easily available in urban areas from VHR spaceborne imagery, to extract
information which not only improve change detection, but somehow allows a better
damage characterization than currently available. The methodology tries and exploits
the same clues to image interpretation that human interpreters usually look for in an
image. Examples are regular geometrical patterns (like rectangular shapes), pairs of
corresponding and parallel segments, corners with sufficient similarity. All of them
will be extracted and considered in the examples proposed in the final paper to improve
the possibility to detect or assess change due to destructive events in urban areas.
The algorithms developed in recent years by the group for geometrical scene analyysis [3] segment extraction [4] and junction detection [5] will be therefore revised
and jointly applied to improve the knowledge of pre-and post-event scenes in areas
affected by earthquakes, with particular stress on Quickbird data for the 2003 Bam
(Iran) event.
RE F E RE NCE S
1. J. Wang and P.J. Howarth: “Structural measures for linear feature pattern recog-
nition from satellite imagery,” Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, vol. 17, pp.
294–303, 1991.
2. F. Dell’Acqua, P. Gamba, G. Lisini: “Change Detection of Multi-Temporal SAR
Data in Urban Areas Combining Feature-Based and Pixel-Based Techniques”,
IEEE Trans. on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 44, n.10, pp. 2820-2827,
Oct. 2006.
3. G. Lisini, F. Dell’Acqua, P. Gamba, W. Thompkinson: “Image interpreta-
tion through problem segmentation for very high resolution data”, Proc. of
IGARSS’05, Seoul (Korea), July 2005, pp. 534-5637.
4. F. Dell’Acqua, P. Gamba, G. Lisini: “Road map extraction by multiple detectors
in fine spatial resolution SAR data”, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.
29, n. 4, pp. 481-490, Aug. 2003.
5. F. Dell’Acqua, P. Gamba, G. Lisini, “Co-registration of multi-angle fine spatial
resolution SAR images”, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Vol. 1,
n. 4, pp. 237-241, Oct. 2004
Miconia alatissima Gamba & Almeda 2014, spec. nov.
No full text2. Miconia alatissima Gamba & Almeda, spec. nov. (Fig. 19) Distinguished by the dense vegetative and hypanthial indumentum consisting of white furrowed glands, and prominently winged internodes. Type: ECUADOR. Prov. Carchi: Tulcán, Reserva Indígena Awá, Comunidad El Baboso, 12 km al Nde Lita, 00°53’N, 78°20’W, 1600 m, 20 September 1991, Rubio et al. 2176 (holotype: MO!; isotype: US!, QCNE-internet image!). Tree 6 m tall. Upper internodes quadrate, 1.7–2.3 cm long, conspicuously winged, cauline nodes strongly quadrate with a prominent nodal ridge that is confluent with the petiole. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles, primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins abaxially, inflorescence axes, bracts, bracteoles, hypanthia, calyx lobes and calyx teeth densely to copiously composed of a mixture of white furrowed subsessile glands and a resinousglandular squamate-amorphous indumentum (these appearing like brown amorphous glandular scales), both ca. 0.08–0.1 mm long. Leaves of each pair isophyllous; the quadrate petiole 1.9–3.3 cm long, deeply canaliculate adaxially, bluntly ridged abaxially; blades 16.8–22.2 × 7.2–9.9 cm, elliptic to more or less obovate-elliptic, the base acute, the margin entire to obscurely crenulate, the apex bluntly acuminate, chartaceous; adaxial surface of mature leaves, primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins sparsely beset with resinous short stalked glands 0.2 mm long with thin-walled elongate heads; abaxial surface glabrous except for a few glands on the venules; 5-plinerved, including the tenuous marginals, innermost pair secondary veins diverging slightly asymmetrically from the primary vein 0.5–1 cm above the base, areolae ca. 2 mm, adaxially the primary vein impressed and canaliculate, the secondary, tertiary and higher order veins impressed, abaxially the primary and secondary veins elevated and terete, the tertiary and higher order veins slightly raised. Inflorescences a terminal dithyrsoid 16–24.5 cm long, including a quadrate peduncle 1.81–6 cm long, the paracladia multiflorous and highly branched, erect and spreading, 3–5-furcate from the peduncle apex, the rachis and secondary axes quadrate and ridged with 40 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA conspicuous linear outgrowths at the inflorescence nodes, along with bracts and bracteoles, the resinous-glandular squamate-amorphous indumentum seemingly composed of resinous slightly furrowed more or less stalked glands (probably deformed during the drying process); bracts 0.65–0.8 × 0.4–0.5 mm, oblong to oblong-triangular, the margin inconspicuously serrulate, somewhat swollen at the base to the area of insertion, the swollen bases of each pair of bracts confluent with the pedicel base to form a swollen ring, early deciduous at anthesis and leaving conspicuous scars; bracteoles 1.4 × 0.3 mm, spatulate-oblong, early deciduous at anthesis. Flowers 5-(6-) merous on pedicels 0.3–0.5 mm long. Hypanthia at anthesis 2.5–2.6 × 1 mm, free portion of hypanthium to 1 mm long, campanulate, obscurely 10-ribbed, ridged on the inner surface, glabrous, the torus adaxially sparsely glandularpuberulent, the glands rounded and sessile. Calyx open in bud and persistent at anthesis; tube 0.5 mm long, vaguely undulate, with the same vestiture as the torus adaxially and the hypanthium abaxially; lobes to ca. 1 mm long or obsolete, the margin vaguely undulate, the apex blunt, cream, glabrescent adaxially; exterior calyx teeth <0.1 mm long, inconspicuously linear-tuberculiform, inserted at the base of the calyx lobes or the tube, not projecting or barely equaling the lobes. Petals 4.5 × 0.4 mm, oblong, the margin entire, the apex rounded, cream, densely papillose on both surfaces, erect to slightly spreading at anthesis. Stamens 10; filaments 1.8–2 × 0.25 mm, cream, sparsely beset with short to somewhat elongate stalked glands with thin-walled short heads; anther thecae 1.5–2 × 0.3–0.5 mm, oblong-subulate, slightly compressed laterally, bluntly acuminate at the apex, opening by one dorsally inclined pore 0.1 mm in diameter, cream; connective darker than the thecae when dry, its prolongation and appendage 0.5 mm long, the appendage oblong and somewhat enveloping the filament, the margin obscurely cleft, rounded-truncate at the apex, the surface minutely and sparsely resinous glandular, the glands covering the entire connective extension, the connective also somewhat prolonged and resinous-glandular but unappendaged ventrobasally. Ovary 5-locular, 3/4 inferior, 2.4–2.5 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar absent, the apex 0.3–0.4 mm in diameter, somewhat conic-truncate with a slightly raised perimeter, glandular-puberulent; style 6 mm long, parallel-sided (i.e. terete), white, glabrous; stigma expanded truncate to capitellate. Berries and seeds not seen. Additional specimens studied:— ECUADOR. Cotopaxi: (Cantón La Maná), Reserva Ecológica Los Illinazas, Cerro Tilipulo, vertiente N, Cordillera Tilinche, bosque primario, 0°45’46”S, 79°06’14”W, 1375 m, 24 July 2003, Silverstone-Sopkin et al. 9409 (CAS, CUVC). Illustration:— Fig. 18. Common names and documented uses:— None recorded. Habitat, distribution and ecology:— This species is known from only two collections, one at the Awá Reserve in Carchi and another from the Illinazas Ecological Reserve in Cotopaxi, Ecuador (Fig. 11). It grows in flat areas of primary premontane rainforests at 1375–1600 m. Phenology:— Collected in flower in September, and in fruit in July. Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the prominently winged internodes. Discussion:— Miconia alatissima differs in the dense indumentum on vegetative parts and hypanthia which consist of white furrowed glands combined with resinous glands or scales. It is also distinctive in having prominently winged and quadrate cauline internodes and densely papillose petals. One collection of this new species was misidentified as M. variabilis which has a totally different indumentum and anther morphology. The combination of furrowed glands and papillose petals may indicate that this species is more closely related to those belonging either to the Quinquenervia subclade, or to the Approximata subclade. Conservation status:— Critically endangered CR D. Known only from two protected areas in Ecuador; in the Awá Ethnic Reserve and in the Illinazas Ecological Reserve. No recent collections from the type area locality seen in this study.Published as part of Gamba, Diana & Almeda, Frank, 2014, Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America, pp. 1-174 in Phytotaxa 179 (1) on pages 40-41, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.179.1.
Commento all'art. 24 decreto legislativo 4 marzo 2010, n. 28
No full textIl contributo verte sulla disciplina transitoria introdotta dal decreto legislativo 4 marzo 2010, n. 28
Commento all'art. 23 decreto legislativo 4 marzo 2010 n. 28
No full textIl contributo verte sulle abrogazioni disposte dal decreto legislativo 4 marzo 2010, n. 28, nonchè sulle disposizioni con le quali il legislatore ha tentato di realizzare un coordinamento tra le differenti ipotesi di tentativi di conciliazione già presenti nell'ordinamento e le norme contenute nel decreto legisl. n. 28 del 2010
Miconia latidecurrens Gamba & Almeda 2014, spec. nov.
No full text18. Miconia latidecurrens Gamba & Almeda, spec. nov. (Fig. 22) Related to M. laxivenula with which it shares the glabresecent appearance and laxly reticulate leaves. Distinguished by its widely decurrent leaf bases all along the petioles, and 5-merous flowers. Type: PANAMA. Prov. Colón: Donoso, Coclé del Norte, área del helipad TO2A, tomando la ruta S, a orilla de una trocha, 08°53’28”N, 80°40’42”W, 110 m, 18 July 2012, Martínez 880 (holotype: CAS!; isotype: PMA). Slender treelet to 3 m. Upper internodes 3.35–6.61 cm long, compressed-rounded and weakly to moderately carinate, cauline nodes rounded-compressed, nodal line present as a minute ridge. Indumentum on branchlets, primary and secondary leaf veins abaxially, inflorescence axes, bracts, bracteoles, pedicels, hypanthia, calyx lobes and calyx teeth sparsely and caducously composed of resinous amorphous lepidote trichomes ca. 0.2 mm long with only partially fused radii. Leaves of each pair isophyllous; sessile; blades 29.2–43.8 × 11.5–13.8 cm, oblongelliptic, the base attenuate and widely decurrent on the petiole extending to the node, the margin entire, the apex bluntly short-acuminate, chartaceous; mature leaves adaxially glabrous like the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins; abaxial surface reddish, superficially glabrous, microscopically papillose with rounded glands ca. 0.02 mm in diameter, the tertiary and higher order veins glabrous; 5-plinerved, including the tenuous marginals, innermost pair of secondary veins diverging asymmetrically from the primary vein 5.5–9.5 cm above the decurrent base, areolae 2–5 mm, adaxially the primary, secondary and tertiary veins impressed, the higher order veins flat, abaxially the primary and secondary veins elevated and prominently carinate, the tertiary and higher order veins slightly elevated to flat. Inflorescences an erect pseudolateral dithyrsoid 12–13.5 cm long, including a compressedrounded peduncle 2.8 cm long, divaricately branched from the peduncle apex, borne in the upper foliar axils; bracts 0.8–1 × 0.7 mm, bracteoles 1–1.2 × 1 mm, deltoid-concave, with the bases of each pair confluent to form a welldefined deflexed flaplike outgrowth that encircles the pedicel base and nodes of the inflorescence axes, persistent in fruit. Flowers 5-merous on pedicels 0.3 lengthening 0.5 mm long in fruit, the central flower of each dichasium sessile. Hypanthia at anthesis 2.2–2.3 × 1.6–1.8 mm, free portion of hypanthium ca. 1 mm long, globose to somewhat urceolate, bluntly 10-ribbed, ridged on the inner surface, minutely beset with sessile translucent glands, SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 83 the torus adaxially puberulent with subulate fine trichomes. Calyx open in bud and persistent in fruit; tube 0.3–0.4 mm long, glabrous adaxially, with the same vestiture as the hypanthium abaxially; lobes 0.2–0.3 × 0.6 mm, vaguely undulate, the margin entire, the apex rounded-truncate; exterior calyx teeth to ca. 0.3 mm long, tuberculiform, inserted at the base of the lobes and barely projecting beyond them. Petals 4–4.2 × 1.5 mm, oblong, the margin entire, the apex rounded, white, glabrous on both surfaces, erect to somewhat spreading at anthesis. Stamens 10; filaments 1.6–1.7 × 0.3–0.4 mm, white, glabrous; anther thecae 1.5–1.7 × 0.4 mm, oblong and slightly clavate, emarginate at the apex, opening by two dorsally inclined pores 0.1–0.2 mm in diameter, white and browning with age; connective somewhat darker than the thecae, its prolongation and appendage 0.4–0.5 mm long, the appendage oblong, rounded at the apex, copiously gland-edged, the glands stalked with rounded-flattened heads, becoming sparse on the rest of the connective dorsally, white. Ovary 5-locular, 2/3 inferior, 1.7–1.8 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar 0.5 × 0.3–0.4 mm, conic, minutely glandular-puberulent apically; style 6–6.5 mm long at anthesis, narrowed distally (i.e. tapering), white, glabrous; stigma expanded-truncate. Berries 3.32–3.42 × 3.6–4.43 mm when dry, globose-oblate, white when ripe, the hypanthial indumentum subpersistent at maturity. Seeds 0.49–0.55 × 0.16–0.18 mm, ovoid-angled to somewhat pyramidal, shiny-brown; lateral and antiraphal symmetrical planes triangular to suboblong, the highest point toward the chalazal side; raphal zone suboblong, as large as to 100% larger than the corpus of the seed, ventrally expanded throughout its length becoming larger at the chalazal end, shiny-whitish; individual cells elongate, anticlinal boundaries channeled, undulate, with Ω- and U-type patterns; periclinal walls convex, low-domed to nearly flat, microrelief verrucose to somewhat striate. Additional specimens studied:— COSTA RICA. Heredia: (Sarapiquí), La Virgen, Estación Biológica La Tirimbina, Sendero Hunter, 10°25’02”N, 84°07’00”W, 184 m, González 10598 (CR, NY); (Sarapiquí), La Virgen, Estación Biológica La Tirimbina, Sendero Hunter, 10°25’02”N, 84°07’00”W, 184 m, González 10615 (CR, NY). PANAMA. Colón: Tevk Cominco Petaquilla mining concession, collected in and near transect C006, 8.82°N, - 80.66°W, 155 m, 20 September 2012, McPherson 19727 (MO); W-most part of province, site of proposed copper mine (INMET), Along proposed road to coast, 8.97°N, - 80.71°W, 130 m, 9 April 2012, McPherson & Serein 20808 (MO); (Donoso), Coclé del Norte, área del helipad CR10, tomando hacia el S, 8°56'30"N, 80°41'33"W, 18 July 2012, Aranda et al. 4226 (CAS, PMA); (Donoso), Coclé del Norte, área del helipad TO2A, caminando hacia la ruta W, 8°53'58"N, 80°40'86"W, 143 m, 19 July 2012, Espinosa et al. 6010 (CAS); (Donoso), Coclé del Norte, área del helipad TO2A, caminando hacia la ruta N, 8°53'79"N, 80°40'80"W, 77 m, 17 July 2012, Espinosa et al. 5998 (CAS); (Donoso), Siteof proposed copper mine (MPSA), 8°57’55”N, 80°41’59”W, 70 m, 3 December 2009, McPherson & Merello 21035 (CAS); (Donoso), area fuera de la concesión de Minera Panama, Helipad C 10, area del Río Belencillo, 8°48’26”N, 80°43’08”W, 102 m, 28 August 2012, Ortiz et al. 871 (CAS, MO); (Donoso), Coclé del Norte, Helipad C 13, rumbo N, cerca del Río Belencillo, 8°49’09”N, 80°47’11”W, 26 August 2012, Zapata et al. 3034 (CAS, MO); (Donoso), Coclé del Norte, cerca del Río Escribano, area del helipad BL03, 8°50’44”N, 80°49’31”W, 60 m, 23 August 2012, Martínez et al. 952 (CAS, MO). Colón-Panamá: Trail from Alto Pacora to Cerro Brewster, 9°18'N, 79°16'W, 700 m, 18 November 1985, de Nevers et al. 6233 (CAS, MO). Illustration:— Fig. 21. Common names and documented uses:— None recorded. Habitat, distribution and ecology:— Known from the westernmost part of the province of Colón in Panama, disjunctly to Alto Pacora, and in La Virgen in Costa Rica (Fig. 14), at 60–700 m. Most of the collections are from lowland forests on steep slopes near the site of a copper mine in Panama (60–155 m), and there is one record from a higher elevation (700 m) tropical wet forest on a trail that connects Alto Pacora with Cerro Brewster. In its restricted range this species is commonly found close to streams. Phenology:— Collected in flower and fruit in July and August; with inmature flowers in August, and only in fruit in April, September and November. Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the large widely decurrent leaf bases of this species. Discussion:— This species can be readily recognized by its widely decurrent foliar bases that extend all the way to the node, superficial glabrosity throughout, and 5-merous flowers. The Panamanian individuals have leaves that are laxly reticulate and reddish abaxially. This coloration is not present in the one Costa Rican collection. It most resembles M. laxivenula which has similar caducous squamate-amorphous indumentum and laxly reticulate leaves, but with prevailingly 4-merous flowers and leaves that are never sessile. The decurrent leaf bases and large leaves are similar to M. sessilis, which has a more obvious puberulent indumentum and 4-merous flowers. 84 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA Conservation status:— This species would be considered Endangered EN B2ab(iii) based on IUCN criteria (AOO). Althought it occurs in an area that will become protected, the AOO, its fragmented habitat and its destruction result in this taxon being relegated to the threatened category of Vulnerable VU. This species is considered not endangered by the MPSA database. The MPSA is a mining concession in Panama that is currently evaluating the plant diversity around the mine areas with assistance from staff botanists at the Missouri Botanical Garden and collaborating specialists. This species was recently collected in what would become a protected area around the mine.Published as part of Gamba, Diana & Almeda, Frank, 2014, Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America, pp. 1-174 in Phytotaxa 179 (1) on pages 83-85, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.179.1.
Miconia quadridomius Gamba & Almeda 2014, nom. nov.
No full text24. Miconia quadridomius Gamba & Almeda, nom. nov. Basionym: Clidemia cuatrecasasii Wurdack (1981: 248–249). Type: COLOMBIA. Dept. Valle: Puerto Merizalde, costa del pacífico, Río Naya, 5–20 m, 20–23 February 1943, Cuatrecasas 13957 (holotype: US!). Nec Miconia cuatrecasae Markgraf in Cuatrecasas (1933: 27). Openly branched shrub or small tree (1.5–) 2–6 m tall. Upper internodes rounded-quadrate, (2.1–) 3.2–4.9 cm long, cauline nodes terete, nodal line absent. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles, surface of young leaves, primary and secondary veins adaxially, primary and secondary leaf veins abaxially, bracts apically, pedicels, hypanthia, calyx lobes abaxially, and exterior calyx teeth densely to copiously composed of ferruginous elongate slightly or moderately roughened trichomes 2–3 mm long, each trichome deflexed and somewhat flattened, densely intermixed with an understory of clavate dendritic trichomes 0.1–0.3 mm long with short to moderately long thinwalled (flattened) arms. Leaves of each pair slightly to commonly anisophyllous in size; the semiterete short petioles 0.8–1.5 mm long, superficially canaliculate adaxially; larger blades 18–27 × 6.7–10.2 cm, smaller blades 7–16 × 2.5–6.5 cm, elliptic to elliptic-obovate, the base typically rounded, frequently becoming attenuate but ending in a rounded-cordate base, the margin serrulate to crenulate, the apex acuminate to caudate-acuminate, chartaceous; mature leaves adaxially with both the dendritic and elongate trichomes on the surface, primary and secondary veins becoming sparse to caducous with age, the tertiary and higher order veins glabrescent; abaxial surface glabrous, the tertiary and higher order veins sparsely and caducously covered with the general dendritic trichomes; 5-(7-)plinerved, including the tenuous marginals, innermost pair of secondary veins diverging from the primary vein 0.3–2 cm above the base, forming a deeply tufted cavity beset with the general indumentum (acarodomatia?), areolae 0.3–0.4 mm, reticulation visible on both surfaces, adaxially the primary and secondary veins slightly impressed, the tertiary and higher order veins flat, abaxially the primary and secondary veins elevated and terete, the tertiary and higher order veins slightly elevated. Inflorescences a congested axillary fasciculate glomerule 1–1.5 cm long, sessile, unbranched, typically paired and seemingly cauliflorous on defoliated nodes; bracts 1.5–7 × 0.4–0.6 mm, subulate, thin, erect, with inconspicuous parallel venation, glabrous on the main surfaces but the general elongate roughened indumentum present at the apex, each bract seemingly branched, persistent to tardily deciduous in fruit. Flowers 4-merous on thick pedicels 0.4–1 mm long. Hypanthia at anthesis 2.7–3 × 0.9–1 mm, free portion of hypanthium 1.3–1.7 mm long, tubular to suburceolate, bluntly 8-ribbed, ridged on the inner surface, moderately scaly, the torus adaxially copiously beset with short-stalked glands with thinwalled short heads. Calyx open in bud and persistent in fruit; tube 0.1–0.3 mm long, adaxially with the same type of glands as the torus, abaxially with the same vestiture as the hypanthium; lobes 1.5–2 × 0.8–1.1 mm, ovate-oblong, 108 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA the margin entire, the apex retuse to obtuse, the adaxial surface glabrous or minutely resinous-puberulent, reflexed at anthesis; exterior calyx teeth 1–1.5 mm long, subulate, inserted at the base of the calyx lobes and barely spreading beyond them. Petals 1.5–3.5 × 0.6–1 mm, oblong to linear-oblong, the margin entire, the apex roundedobtuse, white, glabrous on both surfaces, reflexed at anthesis. Stamens 8; filaments 1.4–1.5 × ca. 0.2 mm, white, glabrous; anther thecae 1.3–1.5 × 0.23–0.36 mm, linear-oblong and slightly clavate, somewhat emarginate at the apex, opening by one dorsally inclined pore 0.1 mm; connective darker than the thecae, its prolongation and appendage 0.2–0.3(–0.5) mm long, the appendage lanceolate, bluntly acute at the apex, copiously gland-edged, the glands rounded and conspicuously stalked to 0.2 mm long. Ovary 4-locular, 3/4 to completely inferior, 1.3–1.45 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar 0.3–0.4 × 0.55–0.65 mm, conic, copiously glandular-ciliate; style 5–7 mm long, parallel-sided (i.e. terete), white, glabrous; stigma truncate to capitellate when dry. Berries 2–2.5 × 2 mm when dry, globose and slightly oblate, bright orange when ripe, the hypanthium indumentum persistent in fruit. Seeds 0.68–0.79 × 0.5–0.65 mm, pyramidal, brown; lateral symmetrical plane triangular, the highest point near the central part of the seed; antiraphal symmetrical plane suboblong; raphal zone circular to suboblong, ca. 40% the length of the seed; multicellular sculpture rugose throughout the seed; individual cells elongate, anticlinal boundaries channeled, irregularly curved; periclinal walls convex, low-domed to nearly flat, microrelief striate. Additional specimens studied:— COLOMBIA. Chocó: Vía de Morro de Mico al “Mirador” por el camino hacia “Jurubidá” en dirección Sy posteriormente hacia “Copete de Pava” en dirección N, 6°5’N, 77°10’W, 0–100 m, 15 May 1990, Barbosa 6598 (MO, US); P.N. de Utría, Serranía ubicada al NE de la Ensenada de Utría por la trocha llamada del M-19, 6°20’N, 77°20’W, 0–100 m, 12 June 1990, García-Cossio & Agualimpia 500 (CHOCO, MO); Hoya del Río San Juan, Quebrada Taparal, afluente del Río San Juan, 4°12’N, 77°8’W, 5–10 m, 28 March 1979, Forero et al. 4247 (COL, MO). Valle: (Buenaventura), Along road between Buenaventura and Málaga vicinity of Bajo Calima, km 3.5.2 from main Cali-Buenaventura Hwy, at Gallinero, 4°0’N, 77°3’W, 100 m, 15 July 1993, Croat & Bay 75749 (MO); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima, Ca, 15 km Nof Buenaventura, Cartón de Colombia concession, Dindo area, 3°59’N, 77°2’W, 50 m, 26 March 1986, Gentry et al. 53646 (MO, US); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima, ca. 10 km due Nof Buenaventura, Cartón de Colombia concession, 3°56’N, 77°8’W, ca. 50 m, 5 December 1981, Gentry 35354 (CAS, MO); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima, ca. 15 km Nof Buenventura, Cartón de Colombia concession, 3°56’N, 77°8’W, ca. 50 m, 18 February 1983, Gentry & Juncosa 40492 (MO); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima, Granja Agroforestal, 40 m, 29 March 1984, Devia 491 (MO, TULV); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima, Estación Agroforestal, Secretaría de Agricultura y fomento, Parte NE del campamento, 40–60 m, 5 August 1979, Cabrera 5181 (CUVC, MO); (Buenaventura), San Isidro, Bosque INDERENA-CONIF, 40 m, 5 March 1989, Devia & Prado 2641 (CAS, TULV); (Cordoba), Dagua Valley, 80–100 m, 6 May 1922, Killip 5119 (US); La Trojita, Río Calima (región del Chocó), 5–50 m, 19 February 1944, Cuatrecasas 16623 (US). ECUADOR. Esmeraldas: Road Lita-Alto Tambo-San Lorenzo, km 6.9 from Lita, 0°52’24.6"N, 78°29’33.2"W, 720 m, 30 September 2001, Cotton et al. 1794 (CAS, QCA). PANAMA. Comarca de San Blás: Headwaters of Río Nergala along continental divide, 350 m, 11 January 1985, de Nevers & Herrera 4515 (CAS, MO); Llano-Cartí Road, km 16, trail to creek on Atlantic drainage, 250–350 m, 2 February 1989, Almeda et al. 6522 (CAS, MO, NY, PMA); Nusagandi, Along continental divide on El Llano-Carti road, Headwaters of Atlantic draining creeks, 9°19’N, 78°15’W, 320 m, 12 August 1984, de Nevers & Pérez 3694 (CAS). Panamá: Along El Llano Carti-Tupile road, 12 mi above Pan-Am Hwy, 200–500 m, 26 March 1973, Liesner 1135 (CAS, NY). Illustration:— None found. Common names and documented uses:— None recorded. Habitat, distribution and ecology:— Local and uncommon in understories of rain forests, typically in deep shade and/or along streams in Panama, Colombia and Ecuador (Fig. 16), at 0–720 m. It is most common in the Bajo Calima region (part of the Chocó) in the department of Valle in Colombia. It was recently reported from Panama (Almeda 2009). Specimens from Ecuador that were previously attributed to this species are M. chocoensis. Phenology:— Collected in flower from January through March and from May through August; in fruit from February through March, June through September, and in December. Etymology:— The specific epithet honors José Cuatrecasas (1903–1996), Spanish botanist and prolific collector of Colombian plants. Discussion:— This distinctive species has an indumentum of elongate-roughened trichomes on vegetative and hypanthial parts, conspicuous 5-plinerved leaves and a poorly developed-sessile inflorescence. Almeda (2009) SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 109 noted that the Panamanian populations differ from those in Colombia by the presence of shorter bracts to 2 mm long (vs. 6–7 mm long) calyx lobes adaxially glabrous (vs. resinous-puberulent); we agree with these observations. In all other characters, the material from both countries is similar in foliar shape, indumentum details, and staminal and seed morphology. In M. quadridomius the leaves are plinerved, but there is a space formed in between the innermost pair of secondary veins and the primary vein before the point of divergence. This space may serve to house insects. Althought some ants were found in this leaf area among different specimens from the Bajo Calima region (Colombia), the morphology of this structure is not a usual ant-domatium. It is more similar to an acarodomatium; further natural history studies are required in order to elucidate the function of this structure. This species is similar to M. chocoensis, but differs in the foliar plinervation and in lacking white furrowed glands on the leaves abaxially. In M. quadridomius the vegetative and hypanthial indumentum is ferrugineous (vs. white), and consists of prominently roughened flattened-deflexed trichomes (vs. slightly roughened). Miconia quadridomius is also similar to M. approximata, which has vegetative pubescence that is shorter (0.3–0.7 mm long vs. 2–3 mm long), and the abaxial tertiary and higher order foliar veins densely resinous-glandular (vs. furfuraceous). In the protologue, Wurdack (1981) provides a detailed enumeration of the differences between these species. Conservation status:— Endangered EN B2ab(iii). Protected only in Colombia in the Ensenada de Utría National Park (Chocó); the threats include destruction of its natural habitat and the fact that it is not protected in other parts of its range.Published as part of Gamba, Diana & Almeda, Frank, 2014, Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America, pp. 1-174 in Phytotaxa 179 (1) on pages 108-110, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.179.1.
Misura della retribuzione, t.f.r. ed effetti del giudicato. Nota a ord. Cass. civ. sez. lav. 27 febbraio 2020 n. 5409.
No full textIl contributo prende le mosse dalla sentenza della Cassazione, sez. lav., 27 febbraio 2020 n. 5409 e considera prevalentemente il tema degli effetti del giudicato, analizzando le differenti teorie sull'estensione dei limiti del giudicato, a cornice delle scelte giurisprudenziali effettuate dalla Suprema Corte
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