196,829 research outputs found
New Breeding Technologies in Grasses
No full textPlant breeding is continuously evolving to develop new cultivars with the desired traits in the most efficient way [...
Metabolic Messengers: fibroblast growth factor 15/19
No full textFibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15 in mice and its human orthologue FGF19 (together denoted FGF15/19) are gut hormones that control homeostasis of bile acids and glucose during the transition from the fed to the fasted state. Apart from its central role in the regulation of bile acid homeostasis, FGF15/19 is now recognized as a transversal metabolic coordinator at the crossroads of the gut, liver, brain and white adipose tissue. Dysregulation of FGF15/19 signalling may contribute to the pathogenesis of several diseases affecting the gut–liver axis and to metabolic diseases. Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge of the physiological roles of the enterokine FGF15/19 and highlight commonalities and differences between the two orthologues. We also discuss the putative therapeutic potential in areas of unmet medical need—such has cholestatic liver diseases and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, for which FGF19 is being tested in ongoing clinical trials—as well as the possibility of using FGF19 for the treatment of obesity and type II diabetes
Immagini senza forma? Il potenziale informativo della documentazione grafica relativa alle collezioni vascolari ottocentesche nell’ottica della loro valorizzazione attuale
No full textSi analizzano nove dipinti contenenti lo sviluppo in piano di scene dipinte su vasi
scoperti a Ruvo di Puglia nell’Ottocento. Questo contributo intende rivalutare quella vetusta forma di rappresentazione, poiché di essa vanno da un lato considerati
criteri e obiettivi propri del tempo, dall’altro riscoperto il potenziale informativo
ai fini dello studio e della fruizione attuale tanto dei vasi quanto delle collezioni
vascolari di formazione ottocentesca in cui sono ancora custoditiWe analyse nine paintings containing the flat development of scenes painted on
vases discovered during the nineteenth century in Ruvo di Puglia. This contribution
aims to re-evaluate that old kind of representation, since we must on one hand consider criteria and objectives of the time, on the other hand rediscover their potential
for the study and current knowledge of both the vessels and the nineteenth-century
vascular collections in which they are still kept
Deciphering the nuclear bile acid receptor FXR paradigm
No full textOriginally called retinoid X receptor interacting protein 14 (RIP14), the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) was renamed after the ability of its rat form to bind supra-physiological concentrations of farnesol. In 1999 FXR was de-orphanized since primary bile acids were identified as natural ligands. Strongly expressed in the liver and intestine, FXR has been shown to be the master transcriptional regulator of several entero-hepatic metabolic pathways with relevance to the pathophysiology of conditions such as cholestasis, fatty liver disease, cholesterol gallstone disease, intestinal inflammation and tumors. Furthermore, given the importance of FXR in the gut-liver axis feedbacks regulating lipid and glucose homeostasis, FXR modulation appears to have great input in diseases such as metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Exciting results from several cellular and animal models have provided the impetus to develop synthetic FXR ligands as novel pharmacological agents. Fourteen years from its discovery, FXR has gone from bench to bedside; a novel nuclear receptor ligand is going into clinical use
Catalogo dei contesti. Vasi italioti e sicelioti
No full textDescription of contexts where italiote and siceliote vessels red-figured with tragic subject have been found
Linguaggi e tecnica della pittura a tempera nella Daunia della prima età ellenistica
No full textVasi in ceramica a tempera policroma nella Daunia della seconda metà del IV secolo a.C.: una revisione dei dati ed un'analisi dei contesti di rinvenimento, con alcune considerazioni sulle relazioni con la produzione finale della ceramica a figure rosse e sulle ragioni dell'imitazione di quest'ultima in una differente tecnica
Modelling and design of an electrically-pumped DFB laser based on an erbium-doped silicon-rich silicon oxide layer embedded in a slot waveguide
No full textThe development of a high-performance DFB laser compatible with the CMOS technology is essential for the future development of silicon photonics. In this paper the preliminary results on modelling and design of a distributed feedback silicon laser are reported. The gain medium, which is a layer of erbium doped silicon-rich silicon oxide, is embedded in a horizontal slot waveguide. The designed device includes a grating with 140 periods and a quarter-wave phase shift at the grating middle. The threshold gain coefficient of the laser is 0.4 cm(-1) and the emission wavelength is very close to 1.55 mu m
La ceramica italiota e siceliota a soggetto tragico nei contesti archeologici delle colonie e dei centri indigeni dell'Italia meridionale e della Sicilia
No full textOptimization of the energy consumption of industrial robots for automatic code generation
No full textAt present, energy consumption strongly affects the financial payback period of industrial robots, as well as the related manufacturing process sustainability. Henceforth, during both design and manufacturing management stages, it becomes crucial to assess and optimize the overall energy efficiency of a robotic cell by means of digital manufacturing tools. In practice, robotic plant designers and managers should be able to provide accurate decisions also aimed at the energy optimization of the robotic processes. The strong scientific and industrial relevance of the topic has led to the development of many solutions but, unfortunately, state of the art industrial manipulators are equipped with closed controllers, which heavily limit the feasibility and performance of most of the proposed approaches. In light of the aforementioned considerations, the present paper presents a novel simulation tool, seamlessly interfaced with current robot offline programming tools used in industrial practices, which allows to automatically compute energy-optimal motion parameters, thus reducing the robot energy consumption, while also keeping the same productivity and manufacturing quality. The main advantage of this method, as compared to other optimization routines that are not conceived for direct integration with commercial industrial manipulators, is that the computed parameters are the same ones settable in the robot control codes, so that the results can automatically generate ready-to-use energy-optimal robot code. Experimental tests, performed on a KUKA Quantec KR210 R2700 prime industrial robot, have confirmed the effectiveness of the method and engineering tool
The gut-liver axis in cholangiopathies: Focus on bile acid based pharmacological treatment
No full textPurpose of reviewThis review analyses the main features of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and provides an overview of the currently available (bile acid) bile acid related treatments.Recent findingsIn PBC, biliary injury is the consequence of a dysregulated intrahepatic and systemic immune response. Given the close association between PSC and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the microbiota represents an important factor in the development of PSC. Bile acid based pharmacological treatments could represent promising therapeutic strategies in the management of cholangiopathies.SummaryCholangiopathies include a spectrum of diseases resulting in cholestasis, an impairment of bile flow in the biliary tree, leading to biliary obstruction and damage as well as liver inflammation and fibrosis. PSC and PBC are highly heterogeneous cholangiopathies and progressive disorders with defined pathophysiological mechanisms. Curative treatments have not been established, and although their prevalence is low, they are a frequent indication for liver transplantation in the advanced stages of cholangiopathies. These diseases still present with unmet therapeutic strategies, also taking into account that on average 30-40% of patients undergoing liver transplantation will have recurrence of the original illness
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