4,496 research outputs found
Pertosse. Aggiornamenti e prospettive future
No full textLa pertosse è una malattia infettiva che ancora oggi costituisce un rilevante problema di sanità pubblica. Gli alti tassi di copertura vaccinale conseguiti, in particolare nei paesi industrializzati, hanno permesso di ridurre la diffusione dell’agente patogeno. Tuttavia, gli adolescenti e gli adulti, in relazione al
decadimento della protezione immunitaria, continuano ad avere un ruolo rilevante nelle dinamiche di trasmissione del patogeno potendo tra l’altro rappresentare una sorgente di infezione, spesso misconosciuta in relazione all’aspecificità del quadro clinico in queste fasce di età, per chi è a maggior rischio di avere forme cliniche severe e/o complicate, potenzialmente anche mortali, e cioè i neonati
Herpes zoster e nevralgia post-erpetica
No full textCon il presente volume si è voluto fare il punto sulle più aggiornate conoscenze scientifiche tenendo conto della multidisciplinarietà che contraddistingue questa importante malattia infettiva
Meningococcus B: control of two outbreaks by vaccination
No full textThe issue of an effective vaccine against Meningococcus B (MenB) has been overcome by identifying, with the "reverse vaccinology" methodology, some antigens able of inducing a response to the majority of MenB strains circulating in the world. The new 4-components MenB vaccine (4CMenB) has been approved in Europe, Australia and Canada, and included in international pediatric immunization schedules: Australia, Canada, UK. In Italy, the first regions that have recommended vaccination against MenB were Basilicata and Puglia. The management of epidemics/outbreaks requires the implementation of a rapid response by health authorities in respect of a medical emergency with a high impact, even emotional, on the population, as recently demonstrated in two American universities. The declaration of outbreak in place has been followed in both contexts by the adoption of a procedure for the use of the 4CMenB vaccine not yet licensed in the USA. It was thus possible to organize interventions of active prophylaxis in the two campuses, establishing the first large-scale use of the new 4CMenB vaccine and achieving, in a relatively short time, high rates of vaccination coverage. With around 14,000 students immunized with at least one dose, no safety issues have been reported following immunization. Besides, to date there have been no cases in subjects who have received the vaccine. As a result of the two outbreaks described, FDA is now evaluating for the extension of the use of the 4CMenB vaccine in adolescents and young adults in USA
The value of booster vaccinations against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and poliomyelitis
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Pertussis: A Review of Disease Epidemiology Worldwide and in Italy
No full textPertussis continues to be a relevant public-health issue. The high coverage rates achieved have decreased the spread of the pathogen, but the waning of immunity implies a relevant role of adolescents and adults in the infective dynamics as they may represent a significant source of infection for unvaccinated or incompletely immunized newborns. The passive surveillance system is affected by many limitations. The underestimation of pertussis in adolescents, young adults and adults is mainly related to the atypical clinical characteristics of cases and the lack of lab confirmation. The real epidemiological impact of pertussis is not always perceived, anyway, the unavailability of comprehensive data should not hamper the adoption of active prophylactic interventions aimed at preventing the impact of waning immunity on pertussis. To avoid an increase of the mean age of acquisition of the infection, a booster dose of low-antigen content combined vaccine should be adopted in adolescents and adults. A decreased risk of infection in newborns can be achieved with the cocoon strategy, although the debate on this aspect is still open and enhanced surveillance and further studies are needed to fine-tune the pertussis prevention strategy
Stato dell'arte nelle diverse realtà italiane: le basi razionali e la strategia comune di richiamo vaccinale
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