1,721,161 research outputs found
Differential Diagnosis of Erythema Multiforme in Childhood: A Comment to Siedner-Weintraub et al
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Testing Na(+) in blood
Get PDFBoth direct potentiometry and indirect potentiometry are currently used for Na(+) testing in blood. These measurement techniques show good agreement as long as protein and lipid concentrations in blood remain normal. In severely ill patients, indirect potentiometry commonly leads to relevant errors in Na(+) estimation: 25% of specimens show a disagreement between direct and indirect potentiometry, which is ≥4 mmol/L (mostly spuriously elevated Na(+) level due to low circulating albumin concentration). There is a need for increased awareness of the poor performance of indirect potentiometry in some clinical settings
Renal Disease and Dialysis
No full textEnd-stage renal disease, the most severe form of chronic kidney disease (CKD), is a devastating disorder with mortality rates at least 30 times higher than that of age-matched peers. Children with less severe forms of CKD also suffer from lower quality of life, more disabilities, and more comorbidities than healthy children. Protein energy wasting (PEW) plays a central role in CKD. Multiple metabolic derangements such as retention of nitrogenous waste products and other uremic toxins, fluid overload, inflammation, endocrine disturbances, anemia, and metabolic acidosis collude in PEW's emergence. In addition, inadequate nutrition is common among patients with renal failure. Finally, dialysis contributes to the poor nutritional status as it causes losses of various micronutrients and alters protein and energy metabolism resulting in negative protein balance and increased energy expenditure.
In this chapter, various applications of stable isotope techniques in pediatric renal disease are addressed. First, the assessment of total body water is discussed, as the major body of stable isotope research in the field of renal disease is dedicated to this subject. Also methods for the assessment of intra- and extracellular body water compartments are discussed. Second, studies into whole-body protein kinetics in CKD are addressed. The application of various stable isotope and chromatography techniques for the measurement of metabolism and losses of proteins and other substrates during dialysis treatment is then discussed. Finally, stable isotope studies in primary hyperoxaluria, a rare metabolic disorder affecting the kidneys, are addressed
Neonatal focal seizures and hypomagnesemia : a case report
No full textBackground In seizures caused by electrolytes disorders, a prompt diagnosis allows an appropriate treatment and reduces the risk of neurological complications. Hypomagnesemia is a recognized cause of generalized seizures, while it has been anecdotally reported in focal forms. Case presentation We describe a newborn with recurrent focal seizures due to transient hypomagnesemia. Conclusion Physicians should consider the possible occurrence of such disorder also in cases of focal seizures
Familial Henoch-Schönlein Syndrome
No full textLittle attention has been so far paid to familial cases of Henoch-Schönlein syndrome. We performed a search of the Medical Subject Headings terms (Henoch or Schönlein OR anaphylactoid purpura OR IgA nephropathy OR Berger nephropathy) AND (family OR familial). We identified no more than 19 reports including 47 families with a total of 100 affected cases: their ages ranged from 1.3 to 51 years (median, 11 years), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.4. Familial cases developed simultaneously in 45% and nonsimultaneously in 55% of the families. Age, male-to-female ratio, and clinical findings were not statistically different in cases with simultaneous and nonsimultaneous familial occurrence of Henoch-Schönlein syndrome. Henoch-Schönlein syndrome occurs almost always sporadically. Age at presentation, male-to-female ratio, and findings are similar in familial (both simultaneously and nonsimultaneously occurring) and sporadic Henoch-Schönlein cases
Clinical dehydration and glomerular filtration rate in acute paediatric gastroenteritis
No full textAIM: To evaluate changes in glomerular filtration rate in acute gastroenteritis. METHODS:
The correlation between two clinical diagnostic scales and glomerular filtration rate has been investigated in 113 children with acute gastroenteritis in a paediatric emergency setting. RESULTS:
A significant reduction of GFR was found in 10% children less than, and 5% children higher than, 2 years of age with acute gastroenteritis. CONCLUSION:
The differences observed as for risk of renal hypoperfusion suggests to consider the age of children as an important determinant to consider the dehydration status in acute gastroenteriti
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