371 research outputs found
Henri Temianka Correspondence; (keefe)
No full textThis collection contains material pertaining to the life, career, and activities of Henri Temianka, violin virtuoso, conductor, music teacher, and author. Materials include correspondence, concert programs and flyers, music scores, photographs, and books.https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/temianka_correspondence/3833/thumbnail.jp
Bovine Herpesvirus-4, a potential cause of mastitis in Canadian dairy cows
No full textBovine herpesvirus-4 (BHV-4), genus Rhadinovirus, is a member of the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae with a worldwide distribution. This study was conducted to investigate the role of the virus in mastitis and/or subclinical mastitis in the Canadian dairy herds.Milk samples from 176 dairy cows were divided into 2 main groups; “A” contained samples with no bacterial isolates, and “B” containing samples either with Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus uberisisolates. Approximatelyninety-eight percentages of milk samples had antibodies against BHV-4. Among cows with negative bacterial milk cultures, significantly higher titres of BHV-4 antibodies were associated with samples which had high Somatic Cell Counts (SCC), compared to low SCC samples. Viral DNA was detected in 2% of milks samples by the PCR amplification of BHV-4 glycoprotein-B gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of BHV-4 in milk of Canadian dairy herds. Further investigation is needed to determine whether BHV-4 is one of primary causative agents in bovine mastitis, or whether the observed correlation of high titres of specific milk BHV-4 antibody with high SCC was due to reactivation of latent BHV-4 infections by primary bacterial insults
Comparison of fecal pooling strategies for detection of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in cattle
No full textRapid assessment of bovine colostrum quality: How reliable are transmission infrared spectroscopy, and digital and optical refractometers?
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Evaluation of milk ELISA for detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in dairy herds and association with within-herd prevalence.
No full textCow-level milk ELISA results can be used to determine herd Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) status. Milk sample collection is minimally invasive and ELISA results can be obtained quickly and economically. The objectives were to evaluate the herd-level test characteristics of 3 commercial milk ELISA, and to determine the impact of within-herd MAP prevalence on the performance of the milk ELISA herd test. A total of 32 purposively selected herds with a median herd size of 66 milking cows were used in this 2-yr project. Fecal and milk samples were collected from all milking cows at 6-mo intervals. Fecal samples were pooled by cow age, with 5 cow samples per pool; individual fecal culture was completed on cow samples from positive pools. Herd MAP status was defined as MAP positive if, at any point during the longitudinal study, a pooled fecal culture from the herd was positive. Milk samples were analyzed using each of 3 commercial milk ELISA kits; a cow-level result from each ELISA was classified as positive following the respective manufacturer's recommended threshold for a positive result. Herd-level milk ELISA test characteristics were estimated using generalized estimating equations logistic models, which accounted for repeated measurements. Using a cutoff of 2% milk ELISA-positive cows, milk ELISA herd sensitivity relative to a herd MAP status based on all pooled fecal culture results collected during the study was as follows: ELISA A: 59% [95% confidence interval (CI): 36-78%), ELISA B: 56% (95% CI: 32-77%), and ELISA C: 63% (95% CI: 41-81%). Herd specificity for ELISA A, B, and C was 80% (95% CI: 71-88%), 96% (95% CI: 89-98%), and 92% (95% CI: 86-96%), respectively. The remainder of the analyses focused on results from ELISA B. Herd sensitivity of ELISA B increased as MAP prevalence increased. In herds with a mean MAP prevalence ≤5%, the herd sensitivity of the milk ELISA was low, ranging from 11% when MAP prevalence was 1%, to 62% when MAP prevalence was 5%. Categorical likelihood ratios based on milk ELISA within-herd prevalence predicted that herds with milk ELISA prevalence above 0 but 4% were MAP positive. Although milk ELISA B worked well to establish herd MAP status in high-prevalence herds, interpretation was unreliable in MAP-negative and low-prevalence herds
Comparison of fecal pooling strategies for detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in cattle
No full textIn herds with typical moderate to low within-herd prevalence, testing for Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the infectious agent of Johne's disease, will be more cost-effective if individual fecal samples are cultured in composite pools. However, sensitivity to classify a pool containing 1 or more positive individual samples as positive may depend on pool size and number of individual positive samples within a pool. Fecal samples collected from 994 dairy cows sampled at slaughter were cultured to detect MAP. Culturing was done both individually and as composite pooled samples using the TREK ESP Culture System II broth medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Trek Diagnostic Systems Inc., Cleveland, OH). Composite samples consisted of pools containing feces from 3, 5, 8, 10, or 15 cows. The number of individual fecal culture-positive cows within each pool ranged from 0 to 4. Culture of individual fecal samples detected MAP in 36 (3.6%) of the 994 cows. Individual samples that were detected within the first 50 d by TREK ESP Culture System II were more likely to lead to a positive pool result. In total, 840 pooled fecal samples were examined for presence of MAP, and of those, 272 pools actually contained feces from fecal culture-positive cows. The crude sensitivity (proportion of pools that contained at least 1 fecal-positive cow that tested positive) for pools of 3, 5, 8, 10, and 15 was 47, 67, 44, 59, and 39%, respectively. Across pools, an increase of the number of fecal culture-positive samples from 1 to 2 enhanced overall crude sensitivity from 44 to 71%. However, sensitivity did not further increase for pools with 3 or 4 fecal culture-positive samples (63 and 60%, respectively). Additionally, a simulation analysis assessing probability of pooled fecal samples being positive in herds of 50 and 100 cows was conducted. The simulation assumed that 1, 2, or 5 cows per herd were MAP fecal culture-positive and that pools of 5 and 10 were used. This low-prevalence herd simulation indicated that weighted mean herd probabilities of detecting a positive herd ranged between 52 and 99.3%, with the lowest probability for pools of 10 with 1 positive cow in the herd and the highest probability for pools of 5 with 5 positive cows in the herd. However, overall, pools of 5 and 10 had similar diagnostic capabilities, enabling cost savings by utilizing pools of 10
Effect of heat-treatment on accuracy of infrared spectroscopy and digital and optical Brix refractometers for measuring immunoglobulin G concentration in bovine colostrum
No full textA compendium of Grande Ronde River and Imnaha River basins spring chinook salmon spawning ground surveys conducted from 1948 through 2003
No full textJ. Vincent Tranquilli, Brian C. Jonasson, MaryLouise, Keefe Richard W. Carmichael.Title from PDF title page (viewed on February 16, 2023).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references (pages 33-40).Financed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
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