36,732 research outputs found
Improvement on Hwang et al.'s generalization of proxy signature schemes based on elliptic curves
No full textHwang et al. proposed their generalization of proxy signature schemes based on elliptic curves. However, two attacks are proposed to show that their schemes have serious security flaws. By the first attack, an adversary can forge an illegal proxy signature that verifiers cannot actually find out the original signers of proxy signatures. The second attack is used to change proxy signatures into multi-signatures belonging to the group that actually generates the proxy signatures. To overcome these flaws, our improvement on Hwang et al.’s scheme is also proposed.補正完畢SCIE
Cryptanalysis of the Hwang-Shi Proxy Signature Scheme
No full textRecently, Hwang and Shi proposed an efficient proxy signature scheme without using one-way hash functions. In their scheme, an original signer needn't send a proxy certificate to a proxy signer through secure channels. However, there are two public key substitution methods that can be used to attack their scheme. In this article, we show that their scheme is vulnerable to the public key substitution attacks補正完畢國外EI紙本電子版NL
(A) study on the narrative point of view in Hwang Soon Weon's novels
No full textHwang Soon Weon has been regarded as a writer who is seeking for mainly technical accomplishment rather than ideology and thoughts, and describing mostly the character is inside view.
The purpose of this thesis is to understand wholy such characteristics of Hwang Soon Weon's novels through analyzing narrative point of view which appears nearly the same in most of Hwang Soon Weon's narratives.
A study on the narrative point of view must include the whole narrative transmissional process, from real auther to real reader, where the narrative point of view operates, and in this thesis I devide it into three parts.
(1) the relationship between narrator and real author,
(2) the analysis of narrative point of view and its meaning
(3) the aesthetic effects of narrative point of view.
Each are Investigated in Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ chapter and the results are as follows.
In chapter Ⅱ, I investigated the fact that the narrators of selective omniscient type in almost all of Hwang Soon Weon's novels correspond to the real auther in respect of mind style. These narrators prefer letting their heroes speak and show by themselves to exerting their intermediary function, in describing the heroes inside view.
This characteristic of narrators' mind style resembles that of real author who prefers reserving his actual feeling to enforcing his clumsy ideology and thoughts upon others.
In chapter Ⅲ, I investigate the meaning of the narrative point of view in Hwang Soon Weon's novels through analyzing the narrative point of view according to Uspensky's four levels of narrative point of view, that is, phraseological, spatial and temporal, psychological, and ideological plane. The phraseology of Hwang Soon Weon's novels is mainly composed of indirect free discourse and internal monologue which are usually employed where point of view-characters themselves show their inside view. The spatial and temporal narrative point of view is inherent in the story, namely, it corresponds to the point of view-characters spatial and temporal Point of view towards external reality. The narrators accord with the point of view-characters psychologically and ideologically while they keep estranged relationship with external reality. The synthesis of the analysis of four levels of narrative point of view tells that Hwang Soon Weon's narratives aim at the description of the internalization of external reality by their heroes, and their attitude towards external reality is serene contemplation.
In chapter Ⅳ, I discuss the aesthetic effects of Hwang Soon Weon's narrative point of view. They are illusion of reality and poetic style of language which respectively result from the covert contact between narrator and reader, and phraseological stance composed mainly of indirect free dircoure and internal monologue.
Through these results of investigation, the hypothesis of this thesis that the aesthetic and thematic features of Hwang Soon Weon's narratives are inherent in the point of view is reconfirmed.;黃順元은 50여년의 창작기간 동안 사상·내용보다는 기법적 완성을 추구하며 주로 개인의 내면묘사에 치중을 해 온 작가이다. 본 연구는 황순원 소설의 敍述視點의 분석을 통하여 황순원 소설의 기법과 내용적인 특성을 총체적으로 이해하고자 하는 의도에서 비롯되었다. 시술시점을 황순원 이해의 방법적 도구로 삼은 것은 황순윈 소설의 대부분이 거의 유사한 서술시점 유형을 보이기 때문이다.
서술시점은 작가에서 독자에 이르는 서술적 전달과정 속에서 작용하는데 본 논문에서는 이 서술시점이 작용하는 범위를 작가와 서술자의 관계, 서술시점의 분석과 의미, 시점의 미학적 효과의 세 측면으로 나누어 연구하였다. 각각 Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ장에서 연구하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다.
Ⅱ장에서는 황순원의 대부분의 작품에서 나타나는 선택적 전지 유형의 서술자가 실제작가 황순원과 그 성격에 있어서 일치하고 있음을 밝혀 보았다. 황순원 소설의 서술자는 서사세계를 서술하는 데 있어서 서술자 자신의 중개적 기능을 최대로 억제하고 그 대신, 주인공인 視點人物로 하여금 스스로 그 자신의 知覺에 투영되는 외부 세계의 모습과 그에 대한 자신의 내적인 반응 양상을 드러내 보이게 하는 서술방법을 選好한다. 즉 시점인물로 하여금 마치 일인칭 소설의 서술자와 같은 역할을 수행하도록 하는 것이다. 서술자는 독자에게의 직접적인 말건넴을 최대로 억제하여, 독자 스스로 작중 인물의 위치에서 서사세계를 체험하도록 하는 것이다. 이런 서술자의 성격은 역사적 작가 황순원의 성격과 그대로 일치하는 점으로 실제 작가와 내포작가가 일치하는 예를 보여준다.
Ⅲ장에서는, 서술시점의 분석을 통하여 서술시점에 내재된 의미를 살펴보았다. 서술시점의 분석에 있어서는 Uspensky가 제시한 화법, 시 · 공간, 심리, 이데올로기의 4개의 시점층위로 나누어 분석하였다. 황순원 소설의 화법적 구성은 주로 주인공인 시점인물이 스스로 자신의 내부를 드러내 보이는 자유간접화법, 내적독백으로 이루어져 있다. 시 · 공간적인 서술시점에 있어서는 이야기 (Story)內在的이다. 즉, 서술자가 주인공인 시점인물의 시 · 공간적 위치에 일치해 있는 것이다. 또, 서술자는 심리적 · 이데올로기적으로 주인공인 시점인물과 동일화를 이루는 반면 시점인물을 에워싼 외부세계와는 소원한 관계를 유지하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이런 시점층위의 분석을 종합해 볼 때, 황순원 소설의 서술시점에 내재된 의미는 다음과 같이 파악된다. 첫째, 황순원 소설의 서술적 촛점은 현실의 개인적 內面化 양상의 묘사에 있으며, 對현실적인 태도에 있어서는 靜觀的이라는 점이다.
Ⅳ장에서는 황순원 소설의 서술시점이 산출하는 미학적 효과를 살펴보았다. 황순원 소설에서는 서술자와 독자의 거리가 멀어지고 은밀한 접촉을 유지하는 데서 연유하는 실재적인 환상과, 자유간접화법, 내적독백 형태의 화법에서 연유하는 서정성과 시적인 언어형식을 내보임을 알 수 있었다.
이상의 논의를 통하여, 황순원 소설의 내용적 특질인 인물의 내면심리 묘사와 소극적인 현실태도, 미학적 특질인 서정성과 시적인 언어형식이 서술시점 기법자체에 내재해 있음을 알 수 있었다.ㅇ 論文槪要 ㅇ = Ⅳ
Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
A. 문제의 제기 = 1
B. 연구방법과 범위 = 6
Ⅱ. 서술자와 작가의 관계 = 11
A. 제한적 서술자와 시점인물 = 11
B. 서술자 · 시점인물의 작가와의 관련성 = 14
Ⅲ. 서술시점의 분석과 그 의미 = 19
A. 시점 층위의 분석 = 19
1. 화법적 층위의 시점 = 21
2. 시 · 공간적 층위의 시점 = 34
3. 심리 · 이데올로기 층위의 시점 = 54
B. 시점과 작가적 태도 = 68
Ⅳ. 황순원의 소설미학과 시점 = 77
A. 實在的 환상과 시점 = 78
B. 시적언어와 시점 = 83
Ⅴ. 결론 = 89
* 참고문헌 * = 92
부록 = 97
ABSTRACT = 9
Anaerobic digestion of cattle offal: protein and lipid-rich substrate degradation and population dynamics of acidogens and methanogens
No full textAnaerobic digestion of cattle offal was investigated in batch reactors at 35 A degrees C to determine the feasibility of using cattle offal as a feedstock. The organic content [i.e., volatile solids (VS)] of the cattle offal was mainly composed of protein (33.9 %) and lipids (46.1 %). Hydrolysis along with acidogenesis was monitored to investigate the substrate degradation and generation of intermediate products (e.g., volatile fatty acids, ammonia). Acetate (2.03 g/L), propionate (0.60 g/L), n-butyrate (0.39 g/L), and iso-valerate (0.37 g/L) were major acidogenesis products (91 % of total volatile fatty acid concentration). Overall protein and lipid degradation were 82.9 and 81.8 %, respectively. Protein degraded first, and four times faster (0.28 day(-1)) than lipid (0.07 day(-1)). Methane yields were 0.52 L CH4/g VSadded and 0.65 L CH4/g VSremoved, indicating that anaerobic digestion of the offal was feasible. A quantitative QPCR assay was conducted to understand the microbial dynamics. The variation patt erns in the gene concentrations successfully indicated the population dynamics of proteolytic and lipolytic acidogens. A fourth-order Runge-Kutta approximation was used to determine the kinetics of the acidogens. The molecular biotechnology approach was appropriate for the evaluation of the acidogenic biokinetics. The maximum growth rate, mu (m), halfsaturation coefficients, K (s), microbial yield coefficient, Y, cell mass decay rate coefficient, k (d), of the proteolytic acidogens were 9.9 day(-1), 37.8 g protein/L, 1.1 x 10(10) copies/g protein, and 3.8 x 10(-1), respectively. Those for the lipolytic acidogens were 1.2 x 10(-1) day(-1), 8.3 g lipid/L, 1.5 x 10(9) copies/g lipid, and 9.9 x 10(-3) day(-1), respectively.1133sciescopu
Nanophysoderes dentiscutum Hwang & Weirauch 2017, comb. nov.
No full textNanophysoderes dentiscutum (Bergroth, 1906) comb. nov. Figs 10–11, 13; Appendix Physoderes dentiscutum Bergroth, 1906: 16. Diagnosis As in generic description. Material examined Holotype INDONESIA: ♀, Irian Jaya, W New Guinea, 4.24891° S, 135.79065° E, 285 m, 1869, Higgins leg. (UCR_ENT 00037370) (ISNB). Redescription As in generic description.Published as part of Hwang, Wei Song & Weirauch, Christiane, 2017, Uncovering hidden diversity: phylogeny and taxonomy of Physoderinae (Reduviidae, Heteroptera), with emphasis on Physoderes Westwood in the Oriental and Australasian regions, pp. 1-118 in European Journal of Taxonomy 341 on page 61, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.341, http://zenodo.org/record/383279
Structures of microbial communities found in anaerobic batch runs that produce methane from propionic acid-Seeded from full-scale anaerobic digesters above a certain threshold
No full textThe volatile fatty acid propionate inhibits anaerobic digestion during organic waste treatments. To examine potential microbial interactions that accelerate propionate oxidation, anaerobic digestion systems seeded with various types of anaerobic sludge were analyzed. Seed samples were collected from 10 different full-scale anaerobic reactors in South Korea. Propionate oxidation was estimated as the methane production rate per gram of propionate used per day. Two domestic sewage sludge showed the highest methane production rate values, 109.1 +/- 4.2 and 74.5 +/- 8.6 mL CH4/(g propionate.d). A food waste recycling wastewater source exhibited the lowest methane production rate, 33.2 +/- 2.6 mL CH4/(g propionate.d). To investigate how the microbial community structure affected propionate oxidation, qualitative molecular analyses were carried out using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Methanosaeta concilii, an aceticlastic methanogen, was detected in most batch runs. Smithella propionica, a unique propionate oxidizer and simultaneous producer of acetate, was found in domestic sewage sludge sources showing the highest methane production rate; in contrast, Desulfobulbus rhabdoformis, a sulfate reducer coupled with the consumption of acetate to be used as a precursor of methane, was observed in food waste recycling wastewater sludge source showing the lowest methane production rate. Thus, we propose that S. propionica, a syntrophic acetate producer using propionate, might cooperate with aceticlastic methanogens for high methane production during anaerobic digestion that included propionate. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.1173sciescopu
Translational control by G-quadruplex recognition via REPRESSOR OF PHLOEM DEVELOPMENT determines differentiation of energy transducing vascular tissue in plants
No full textTranslational control by G-quadruplex recognition via REPRESSOR OF PHLOEM
DEVELOPMENT determines differentiation of energy transducing vascular tissue in plants1
On the use of 2.5-Gb/s Mach-Zehnder modulators to generate 10-Gb/s optical duobinary signals
No full textWe demonstrate the generation of 10-Gb/s optical duobinary signals from 2.5-Gb/s Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulators without using duobinary encoders. The absence of the duobinary encoder not only permits the monolithic integration of electrical components but also reduces the required bandwidth of MZ modulators as low as 3 GHz. However, it might induce pattern-length dependency to the signals. Our demonstration, performed with four 2.5-Gb/s MZ modulators obtained from two different vendors, shows that the receiver sensitivity of better than -33.8 dBm is achieved at a pseudorandom bit sequence length of 2(31) - 1 when dispersion of 1200 similar to 1700 ps/nm is applied to the signals. This is 1.6 dB poorer than using an 8.5-GHz bandwidth MZ modulator along with a 3.0-GHz Bessel filter. Therefore, this scheme can be used to implement cost-effective 10-Gb/s optical duobinary transmitters without significant performance degradation
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