1,721,051 research outputs found
EXERCISE INTENSITY AND PACING STRATEGY OF A 5-KM INDOOR RACE WALK DURING A WORLD RECORD ATTEMPT: A CASE STUDY
Full text linkThe aim of this case study was to describe the physiological and regulatory processes, by means of heart rate (HR) monitoring and pacing strategy, in a top-level race walker (age: 32 years; height: 1.76 m; body mass: 62 kg; training volume: 130–150 km•wk-1) who was focused on the attainment of the 5-km indoor race walk (RW) World Record. The HRmean was 185 6 14.9 b•min-1, with an HRmean/HRmax ratio of 0.96. Almost the whole race (91.8%) was performed to an intensity ≥90% of the HRmax; lower intensity work was negligible (8.1%). The race profile was a reverse J-shaped pacing curve; in fact, the athlete completed the first 1,000 m in the fastest time, slowing during the middle 3,000 m, and increasing the speed during the final 1,000 m of the race. Despite the attempt failed (the athlete performed only the 2009 World leading performance, 18 minutes 23 seconds 47 tenths), these data suggest that a more linear strain distribution for the entire performance would be optimal instead of a fast-start strategy, which leads to a drastic decrement of the walking velocity. Moreover, this study supports the use of HR monitoring combined with the regulation of the effort to understand the physiological and regulatory processes during an indoor RW event
The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test in junior basketball players according to performance level and age group
No full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 ability to discriminate between elite, sub-elite junior basketball players and a group of non-athletic healthy males at three different age groups (U-14 to U-17). In a cross-sectional design, 119 age matched participants spread over three groups, elite (n = 46), sub-elite (n = 42) junior basketball players and non-athletic healthy males (n = 31), were evaluated over a five-weeks period. Participants undertook two familiarization trials of Yo-Yo test performance and three test sessions on an indoor basketball court. When controlling for the effect of the participants' body mass the results showed that elite athletes had significantly higher Yo-Yo performance compared to sub-elite athletes (1271 ± 385 vs. 861 ± 428 m; P 0.0017; effect size from 0.02 to 0.39) were noted between participants' performance levels across age groups. Between-performance levels and -age groups differences in the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 were observed. However, when controlling for the effect of the participants' body mass, this study demonstrates that Yo-Yo test is accurate only to discriminate elite junior basketball players, but cannot be used to differentiate the basketball specific aerobic performance for age
La marcia
No full textLa marcia fa la sua comparsa ai Giochi Olimpici di Londra nel 1908. La sua andatura è caratterizzata da particolari adattamenti biomeccanici del passo. Nel corso degli anni la velocità di gara è notevolmente aumentata. Viene analizzato dapprima il trend della velocità dei migliori atleti negli ultimi venti anni, in seguito, è discusso alla luce di due maggiori cambiamenti avvenuti nella metodologia dell’allenamento. Infine, sono presentati i dati relativi alla “pacing strategy” nelle due distanze di gara: la venti e la cinquanta chilometr
Recent Evolutions and Perspectives in Olympic Winter Sports Performance: to PyeongChang and Beyond...
No full textAn evidence-based scientific understanding of factors determining Olympic winter sports performance, recent changes, the evolution in training content and methods, the improvement in technology as well as the occurrence of injury and illness is required. On one hand, this would provide the opportunity to translate research to practice. On the other hand, to guide the practice of Olympic winter sports with the ultimate goal of improving the performance. Certainly, the continued evolution of Olympic winter sports has contributed to an enormous accumulation of knowledge, evidence, and relevant training technologies. Sports sciences, including physiology, conditioning, nutrition, biomechanics, coaching, psychology, as well as sport technology, history and social sciences, have much to contribute to the preparation of the athletes in the Olympic winter sports.
Consequently, this Research Topic sought to provide a platform of contributions to set out a comprehensive framework of the components that should be addressed when developing training plans leading to elite Olympic winter sports performance. Overall, the papers were all directed toward a better understanding of physiological, biomechanical, and training factors related to different Olympic winter sports disciplines: cross-country skiing, alpine skiing, biathlon, Nordic combined, speed skating, snowboarding, and ski-cross
Physiological characteristics of elite snowboarders
No full textAim. To profile the physiological qualities of elite snowboarders and quantified the relationships with snowboarding performance.
Methods. Ten alpine (ALP, mean±SD age: 25.6±4.4 yrs; body mass 78.1±12.1; height 178.4±9.8 cm; sum of 7 skinfolds 74.8±19.4 mm; body fat 13.8±3.7%) and ten snowboardcross (SBX, mean±SD age: 23.5±4.3 yrs; body mass 77.2±9.2; height 181.0±4.9 cm; sum of 7 skinfolds 70.1±21.1 mm; body fat 11.9±3.5%) elite male athletes undertook aerobic power (cycle ergometer maximum oxygen uptake), muscular isometric strength (maximal isometric voluntary contraction, MVC), and muscle-power (vertical jumps), as well as ALP [parallel giant slalom (PGS) and parallel slalom (PSL)] and SBX simulated competitions. Associations between measurements were assessed by correlation analysis.
Results. Absolute (ALP 383.1±38.0 W, P<0.01; SBX 339.7±41.3 W, P<0.05) and relative (ALP, 4.6±0.5 W·kg-1, P<0.01; SBX 4.5±0.3 W·kg-1, P<0.05) power output, power at the first (ALP 196.0±53.7 W, P<0.01; SBX 192.8±24.3, P<0.01) and second (ALP 285.4±60.6 W, P<0.01; SBX 280.4±20.3 W, P<0.01) ventilatory threshold, MVC (ALP 731.9±181.9 N·m-1, P<0.001; SBX 680.1±76.8 N·m-1, P<0.001) and leg stiffness (ALP 31.4±4.8 N·m-1·kg-1, P<0.01; SBX 25.4±3.0 N·m-1·kg-1, P<0.01) were highly correlated with PGS (r = -.88 to -.97), PSL (r = -.84 to -.94), and SBX (r = -.89 to -.93) performance times.
Conclusion. To meet the demands of snowboarding competition, elite snowboarders require highly developed muscular strength and power. This study provides criteria for the selection of appropriate physiological variables for the longitudinal monitoring of relevant parameters in snowboarding
Le differenze di prestazione tra uomini e donne
No full textIl confronto fra i risultati degli uomini e delle donne nella maratona e le differenze nelle capacità prestative dei due sessi sono oggetto da tempo di notevoli riflessioni da parte sia del mondo scientifico sia dei tecnici. Questo ha creato un acceso dibattito riguardante la possibilità o meno, per le donne, di riuscire un giorno a ottenere prestazioni migliori di quelle degli uomini. Nonostante gli atleti e le atlete che affrontano discipline di endurance presentino caratteristiche fisiologiche simili, in questo articolo, basandosi su un’analisi delle performance nel corso degli anni, si cercherà di spiegare per quali motivi le prestazioni femminili nella maratona hanno fortemente rallentato la rincorsa di avvicinamento a quelle maschili, tanto da rendere davvero improponibili ipotesi di raggiungimento o addirittura superamento da parte delle maratonete sui maratoneti
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