710 research outputs found
Rapid and non-destructive method to assess in the vineyardgrape berry anthocyanins under different seasonal andwater conditions
No full textAbstract
Background and Aims: Monitoring of anthocyanins (Anth) in winegrape (Vitis vinifera L.) is fundamental for the
production of top-quality red wines. This work was aimed at testing a new fluorescence-based sensor for Anth
detection in the vineyard.
Significance of the Study: The present study showed a new important innovative technology for viticulture. The
sensor evaluation of the large spatial and temporal heterogeneity in Anth accumulation can be useful as support
parameter in the harvest date decision or for vineyard zoning of phenolic maturity.
Methods and Results: Anth in grape (cv. Aleatico) bunches attached to the vine were monitored non-destructively
in the field using a fluorescence-based sensor during the 2008 and 2009 seasons and under different water regimes. The
ANTHRG index = log(far-red-fluorescenceR/far-red-fluorescenceG), with fluorescence signals excited with red (R) and
green (G) light, was inversely correlated through an exponential function (r2 = 0.875) to the Anth concentration
derived from the HPLC analysis of berry skin extracts. ANTHRG was effective in detecting the earlier ripening process in
2009 with respect to 2008 and differences in the Anth accumulation between seasons and in relation to different water
regimes.Water deficit imposed in 2009 enhanced Anth concentration in berries because of a reduction in berry size but
also an increase of Anth biosynthesis. This effect was observed by both destructive and ANTHRG non-destructive
measurements.
Conclusions: Our results show that the employed fluorescence sensor represents a reliable, rapid and non-invasive
tool for monitoring and determining Anth accumulation in situ
Alternatives to the use of synthetic fungicides for the control of postharvest decay of fruit and vegetables: current status and future perspectives
No full textEthylene evolution and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase gene expression during early development and ripening of peach fruit.
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Effects of irrigation on fruit ripening behavior and metabolic changes in olive
No full textOlive (Olea europaea, cv Leccino) fruits grown under different water regimes were analyzed by metabolomics and specific transcript accumulation analyses. The fruit from non-irrigated (rain-fed) and irrigated trees cultivated under field conditions, with a seasonal water amount equivalent to the calculated crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was compared in the last developmental phase and, in particular, at commercial harvest. Metabolomics (GC-MS) analysis identified several hundred metabolites in ripe mesocarp, 46 of which showed significantly different contents in the rain-fed and irrigated samples. Some compounds involved in primary metabolism (carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids) and secondary metabolism (squalene, simple phenols) appeared to be more abundant when irrigation was performed. Higher levels of total polyphenol were observed in the rain-fed fruit, which at ripening showed an increase in anthocyanin concentration. These data indicate that ripening in olives is affected by irrigation. In addition, expression analyses of three key polyphenol biosynthetic genes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR)) and two genes involved in triterpenoid metabolism (beta-amyrin synthase and cycloartenol synthase) were also performed. The analyzed genes showed different expression patterns throughout ripening, and the resulting PAL, DFR and beta-amyrin synthase transcript accumulation was found to be affected by the different water regimes at specific stages of fruit development. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Effect of paclobutrazol (pp 333) on vegetative and productive activity of peach
No full textEffectiveness of paclobutrazol (PP 333) in controlling vegetative activity of peach was evaluated: the chemical might represent an alternative to hand pruning which is required to control tree growth, increase yield and improve fruit quality
Scion inclination in Malus domestica and Prunus spp. influences root growth and distribution
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