2,690 research outputs found
Johanna von Neapel : Trauerspiel in fünf Aufzügen / von G. A. v. Halem
No full textDie Vorlage enth. insges. 3 Werke.Autopsie nach Ex. der ULB Sachsen-AnhaltVorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Rostock und Leipzig bei Karl Christoph Stiller 1796. - Leipzig ist Messplat
Proekoides cedarbergensis Stiller 1986
No full textProekoides cedarbergensis Stiller, 1986 (Figs 15G–I, 16 B, G, L, Q, 32A) Type material, holotype not examined. Type locality. South Africa, Western Cape province, Bokfontein near Ceres; -32.94, 19.29; 8 Mar. 1985; J.G. Theron leg. Paratypes. 3♂, 1♀ South Africa, Western Cape province: 3♂, 1♀; Clanwilliam Cedarberg; -32.50, 19.25; 21 Dec. 1976; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL28236; SANC Additional material examined. South Africa, Western Cape province: 1♂, 1♀; Gifberg Pass Summit Vanrhynsdorp; -31.77, 18.76; 9 Oct. 2002; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping; CCDL18324; SANC. 3♂, 3♀; Driehoek Farm Cedarberg SE Citrusdal; -32.43, 19.22; 13 Oct. 2002; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping Metalasia sp. Asteraceae; CCDL18322; SANC. 1♂; Jamaka farm; -32.34, 19.01; 12 Dec. 2012; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping Stoebe sp. Asteraceae; CCDL 26710; SANC. 1♂; Jamaka farm; -32.34, 19.04; 11 Dec. 2016; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping Raphnia amplexicaulis Fabaceae; CCDL 26712; SANC. 1♂; Jamaka farm; -32.34, 19.01; 12 Dec. 2016; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping Aspalathus spinescens Fabaceae; CCDL 26711; SANC. 3♂, 2♀; Jamaka farm; -32.34, 19.01; 12 Dec. 2016; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping Paranomus bracteolaris Proteaceae; CCDL26709; SANC. 1♂, 1♀; Cedarberg wilderness; -32.40, 19.04; 14 Dec. 2016; M. Stiller, leg.; sweeping Eriocephalus sp., Asteraceae; CCDL 26713; SANC. Diagnosis. Aedeagal shaft with anterior margin with small, paired subapical teeth, posterior margin with small, paired subapical teeth, shaft apex expanded anteriad; preatrium about as long as shaft. Etymology. Named for the mountain range incorporating the type locality. Gender feminine. Description Male and female. Color. Tegmina. Ground colour tegmina greyish-white; all veins and some areas fuscous or with fuscous areas and yellowish veins. Teneral specimens lighter in colour (Fig. 15G–I). Claval area always with light to dark brown marks. Morphology Tegmina. Male, length/width=2.16–2.17; female, length/width=2.10–2.20. Hind wing. Male, length/width=2.96–3.30; female length/width=3.02–3.08. Tegmina-hind wing relation. Male, length tegmina/length hind wing=1.14–1.17; width tegmina/width hind wing=1.56–1.77; female, length tegmina/length hind wing=1.08–1.20; width tegmina/width hind wing=1.56–1.66. Measurements. Male (n=11). Apex of crown to apex of tegmina 3.03–3.17 mm (Stiller 1986, 3.00– 3.20 mm); apex of crown to apex of abdomen 3.14–3.40 mm (Stiller 1986, 3.00– 3.48 mm); crown length 0.67–0.74 mm; crown length next to eyes 0.42–0.44 mm; pronotum length 0.38–0.41 mm; head width 1.13–1.17 mm; pronotum width 1.02–1.07 mm (Stiller 1986, 0.89–1.12 mm); ocellus diameter 28 µm; interocular distance 58–72 µm; crown angle 76–81°; crown length/crown length next to eye=1.55–1.72; head width/pronotum width=1.09–1.12; ocellus diameter/interocular distance=0.39–0.48; crown length/pronotum length=1.67–1.92; pronotum length/pronotum width=0.36–0.39. (Stiller 1986, interocular distance=width across disc of head, between medial margins of eyes 0.42–0.48 mm). Female (n=7). Apex of crown to apex of tegmina 3.11–3.23 mm (Stiller 1986, 3.12–3.40 mm); apex of crown to apex of abdomen 3.75–3.89 mm (Stiller 1986, 3.72–4.00 mm); crown length 0.72–0.74 mm; crown length next to eyes 0.44–0.47 mm; pronotum length 0.39–0.43 mm; head width 1.16–1.24 mm; pronotum width 1.05–1.13 mm (Stiller 1986, 1.04–1.10 mm); ocellus diameter 28 µm; interocular distance 60–72 µm; crown angle 76–81°; crown length/crown length next to eye=1.57–1.66; head width/pronotum width=1.09–1.11; ocellus diameter/interocular distance=0.38–0.47; crown length/pronotum length=1.70–1.90; pronotum length/pronotum width=0.35–0.40. (Stiller 1986, interocular distance=width across disc of head, between medial margins of eyes 0.46–0.50 mm). Terminalia Male. Segment 10. Length/width=1.18–1.24. Pygofer lobe. Process strongly concave; 3–4, rarely 7 macrosetae, 59–119 µm in length. Subgenital plate. 1.16–1.42 times longer than wide. Style. Greatest length/greatest width=3.06–3.21; length apophysis/greatest length=0.19–0.23; length base/ length greatest=0.35–0.40; angle of apophysis to sagittal plane 49–62° (Fig. 16Q). Connective. Greatest width across arms/greatest width across stem=1.89–2.20; greatest length of arms/greatest length of stem=0.81–1.22; angle of arms 80–87°; greatest length/greatest width=0.67–0.72 (Fig. 16L). Aedeagus. Shaft of aedeagus relatively straight in lateral view with long slit-like apical gonopore, apex with flange-like lateral and terminal extensions; anterior margin with subapical teeth and pair of basal processes, posterior margin with pair of small, subapical teeth, development of all teeth shows some variation between individuals (Fig. 16B, G). Female. Sternite 7. Posterior margin with wide notch, between posterolateral margins, curved or widely V-shaped; greatest length/greatest width=0.47–0.51; greatest median length/greatest lateral length=0.70–0.76, angle of notch 134–145°. Valvula 1. Parallel-sided, apex acute, sculpture as in P. postspina sp. n. Valvula 2. Serrate in distal half, slightly wider than base. Valvula 3. Margin and submargin with up to 14 longer setae near apex (27–35 µm), up to nine shorter setae (up to 25 µm). Valvifer 1. Length/width=1.32–1.68 (n=4). Valvifer 2. Length/width=2.40–2.64 (n=4); 6–8 pore-like structures. Remarks. The combination of features of acute crown, marking of the dorsum of the head, size and specifically the aedeagus distinguish this species. The anterior margin of the aedeagal shaft with paired, subapical teeth, apex of shaft expanded anteriad, posterior margin with short subapical paired teeth. Mapped in Fig. 32A by red circles.Published as part of Stiller, Michael & Webb, Michael D., 2022, Leafhoppers of the Fynbos Biome of South Africa: Colistra, Proekes, Proekoides and a new genus (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae, Bonaspeiini), pp. 1-79 in Zootaxa 5199 (1) on pages 38-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5199.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/725176
Geelus driehoekdraad Stiller 2020, sp.n.
No full text<i>Geelus driehoekdraad</i> sp.n. <p>(Figs 13 A–L)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Aedeagal shaft elongate, tubular, with apex to subapex with acute, triangular, lateral tooth-like flange. Pygofer lobe short, triangular, apex medially with process orientation mediad. Subgenital plate elongate, with uniseriate macrosetae along most of lateral margin. Female sternite 7 with V-shaped notch flanked by rounded lateral margins.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Afrikaans nouns in apposition, <i>drie,</i> three, <i>hoek</i>, corner, angle, and <i>draad</i>, wire, for the delicate triangular process at the apex of the aedeagal shaft. Gender masculine.</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <b>Measurements</b>. n=31. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 5.23–5.49 mm. Crown median length 0.35–0.39 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.32–0.35 mm. Pronotum length 0.53–0.56 mm. Head width across eyes 1.46–1.52 mm. Pronotum width 1.36–1.41 mm. Ocellus diameter 41.0–54.8 μm; interocular distance 74.7– 94.2 µm. Apical angle of crown 127.7°±2.6°.</p> <p> <b>Pygofer lobe</b>. Process orientation medial, rarely ventral, apices overlap; process denticulation, 2–4 teeth (Fig. 13G); process origin apical; process curvature sublinear; anterior apodeme short, dorsal. Apex of pygofer lobe extended beyond apex of subgenital plate (Fig. 13F).</p> <p> <b>Anal tube</b>. Conical (Fig. 13J), incised about half way into pygofer.</p> <p> <b>Subgenital plate</b>. Number of macrosetae 6–10; medioposterior angle variable, right-angle or acute; length: width 1.5–1.8; position of macrosetae across three quarters distally on subgenital plate (Fig. 13H).</p> <p> <b>Valve</b>. Shape obtuse triangular (Fig. 13H).</p> <p> <b>Style</b>. Apophysis with subapical tooth absent; apical tooth ventral; apophysis width about two thirds of width across preapical lobe; ratio of length to width of apophysis 5.5–6.9 (Fig. 13E).</p> <p> <b>Connective</b>. Stem length relative to arm length one fifth length of arms; stem width relative to width across arms half as wide as greatest width across arms (Fig. 13I).</p> <p> <b>Aedeagus</b>. Shaft thin, tubular; apex to subapex of shaft triangular laterally; denticulation of shaft basally, edentate; curvature of shaft, straight; dorsal apodeme, in lateral view, elongate, curvate, base right angled; preatrium reduced (Figs 13 A–D).</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. <b>Measurements</b>. n=24. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 5.74–5.99 mm. Crown median length 0.37–0.41 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.34–0.38 mm. Pronotum length 0.58–0.61 mm. Head width across eyes 1.61–1.66 mm. Pronotum width 1.50–1.56 mm. Ocellus diameter 47.9–61.7 μm; interocular distance 81.7–94.4 µm. Apical angle of crown 129.2°±2.2°.</p> <p> <b>Sternite 7</b>. Shape of posterior margin deep V-shaped notch, lateral margin broadly rounded (Fig. 13K).</p> <p> <b>Valvifer 1</b>. Symmetrical (Fig. 13L) or ventral margin produced narrowly, asymmetrical.</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. <b>Holotype</b> male. South Africa, <b>Western Cape Province</b>, CCDL26919, Wiedouw Farm base of Gifberg Pass, -31.7334, 18.7666, 3–10.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping, low growing vegetation (grass and forbs) in area where bush was cleared/burned (SANC). <b>Paratypes</b>. 34♂, 23♀, 23 nymphs. <b>Western Cape Province</b>, records below all this locality: Wiedouw Farm base of Gifberg Pass, -31.7334, 18.7666, 3–10.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping. 1♂, CDL26922, <i>Wiborgia mucronata,</i> Fabaceae; 5♂, 1♀, CCDL 26921, indeterminable plant near Phylica; 3♂, 5 nymphs, CCDL 26920, two unidentified plants; 24♂, 21♀, 18 nymphs, <i>ibid.</i> holotype; 1♂, 1♀, CCDL 18847, <i>Aristida zeyheri</i> subsp. <i>mucropus</i> Poaceae and mainly <i>Aristida vestita,</i> Poaceae (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. <i>Geelus driehoekdraad</i> and <i>G. dundraad</i> have overlapping distributions at Wiedouw, with the former only known from this locality, albeit from a long series of specimens. Fourteen dissected males had the elongate style apophysis, elongate subgenital plate (length: width 1.5–1.8), triangular apex of the aedeagal shaft and medially curved pygofer process. The style apophysis in <i>G. dundraad</i> is always shorter (length: width, 1.1–1.3), with three variants, but not resembling that of the former. The apex of the shaft of <i>G. dundraad</i> is immaculate, and in <i>G. driehoekdraad</i> it is laterally triangular. The pygofer process in <i>G. dundraad</i> is curved mediodorsally or dorsally. None of the many examined specimens (n=45) of <i>G. dundraad</i> showed signs of damage to the apex, nor of the 14 dissected males of <i>G. driehoekdraad.</i> Females of these two species from Wiedouw cannot be distinguished readily, with the small differences in shape of the valvifer 1 not considered reliable. Females of <i>G</i>. <i>driehoekdraad</i> are slightly larger, with length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 5.74–5.99 mm and head width 1.61–1.66 mm, with similar dimensions of other parts. Females of <i>G. dundraad</i> are 3.72–4.11 mm and 1.48–1.58 mm respectively. In males of <i>G. driehoekdraad</i> only length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina (5.23–5.49 mm) supersedes that of <i>G. dundraad</i> (3.47–3.97 mm).</p>Published as part of <i>Stiller, Michael, 2020, A new leafhopper genus Geelus and 12 new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae) from Southern Africa, pp. 301-344 in Zootaxa 4786 (3)</i> on pages 326-328, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4786.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3876635">http://zenodo.org/record/3876635</a>
Geelus nektanddraad Stiller 2020, sp.n.
No full text<i>Geelus nektanddraad</i> sp.n. <p>(Figs 7 D–H, 9A–K)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Aedeagal shaft curvate with two pairs of median teeth, dorsal apodeme reduced, preatrium angled 270° to shaft. Pygofer process smooth, sublinear, orientation posteroventrad. Female sternite 7 with widely notched median ligula, recessed or flush with lateral margin.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Afrikaans compound word, nouns in apposition, <i>nek</i> = neck, mid-section, and <i>tand</i> = tooth, for the two pairs of distinct teeth medially on the shaft of the aedeagus. Gender masculine.</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <b>Measurements</b>. n=24. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.75–5.05 mm. Crown median length 0.39–0.42 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.32–0.35 mm. Pronotum length 0.48–0.52 mm. Head width across eyes 1.36–1.45 mm. Pronotum width 1.29–1.38 mm. Ocellus diameter 39.3–51.1 μm; interocular distance 66.8– 81.8 µm. Apical angle of crown 120°±1.8°.</p> <p> <b>Pygofer lobe</b>. Process orientation posteroventrad, sublinear, edentate, origin mediodorsally near base of pygofer lobe; pygofer lobe slightly narrower than pygofer, broadly triangular, apex triangular; anterior apodeme short, laterodorsal. Apex of pygofer lobe extend beyond apex of subgenital plate (Fig. 9F).</p> <p> <b>Anal tube</b>. Tubular (Fig. 9G).</p> <p> <b>Subgenital plate</b>. Number of macrosetae, 3–4; medioposterior angle, round; length: width 0.8–0.9; position of macrosetae, distal half (Fig. 9E).</p> <p> <b>Valve</b>. Shape crescentic (Fig. 9E).</p> <p> <b>Style</b>. Apophysis with subapical, lateroventral tooth; apical tooth ventral; apophysis width at base about two thirds of width across preapical lobe; ratio length to width of apophysis 3.4–4.8 (Fig. 9C).</p> <p> <b>Connective</b>. Stem length relative to arm length, half as long as arms; stem width relative to width across arms, half as wide as greatest width across arms (Fig. 9D).</p> <p> <b>Aedeagus</b>. Shaft thick; apex of shaft blunt, partially membranous and sclerotized; denticulation of shaft medially, with dorsal and ventral paired teeth; shaft curvate; dorsal apodeme, viewed laterally; reduced; preatrium rotated 270° (Figs 9A, 9B).</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. <b>Measurements</b>. n=33. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.84–5.18 mm. Crown median length 0.40–0.44 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.32–0.35 mm. Pronotum length 0.49–0.53 mm. Head width across eyes 1.42–1.49 mm. Pronotum width 1.33–1.42 mm. Ocellus diameter 39.1–49.1 μm; interocular distance 66.5–82.9 µm. Apical angle of crown 120.1°±2.0°.</p> <p> <b>Sternite 7</b>. Posterior margin with wide, shallow notch, spanning posterior margin; ligula present with short, wide, rounded notch; ligula recessed (all from Biesiesfontein, Figs 9H, on <i>Zygophyllum,</i> Fig. 9I, on <i>Sarcocaulon,</i> Fig. 9J, on <i>Pteronia</i>).</p> <p> <b>Valvifer 1</b>. Symmetrical or ventral margin produced narrowly (Fig. 9K).</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. <b>Holotype</b> male. South Africa, <b>Northern Cape Province</b>, CCDL 18878, Biesiesfontein Farm S Springbok, -29.75, 17.9333, 29.ix.–3.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping <i>Galenia africana,</i> Aizoaceae (SANC).</p> <p> <b>Paratypes</b>. 27♂, 32♀, 9 nymphs. <b>Northern Cape Province</b>, records below all this locality: Biesiesfontein Farm S Springbok, -29.75, 17.9333, 29.ix.–3.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping. 3♂, 1♀, 3 nymphs, CCDL 18877, <i>Atriplex nummularia</i> subsp. <i>nummularia</i> <i>,</i> Aizoaceae; 1♂, 2 nymphs, CCDL 18876, <i>Calobota sericea,</i> Fabaceae; 3♂, 8♀, CCDL 18874, <i>Pteronia divariculata,</i> Asteraceae; 11♂, 11♀, 3 nymphs, <i>ibid.</i> holotype; 4♂, 5♀, CCDL 18875, <i>Sarcocaulon l’heriteri,</i> Geraniaceae; 1♂, CCDL 26934, light trap; 1♂, CCDL 26935, <i>Diospyros ramulosa,</i> Ebenaceae; 1♂, 3♀, CCDL 26933, <i>Searsia undulata,</i> Anacardiaceae; 1♀, CCDL 26936, at night near light trap, <i>Zygophyllum retofractrum,</i> Zygophyllaceae; <b>Western Cape Province</b>, 2♂, 3♀, 1 nymph, CCDL 18853, Wiedouw Farm base of Gifberg Pass, -31.7334, 18.7666, 3–10.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping, <i>Salvia lanceolata,</i> Lamiaceae (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. Unique in this species in the male are the thick shaft, two medial pairs of teeth and in the female the cup-shape ligula recessed medially into the sternite 7. Other species have the ligula rectangular (<i>G. drietanddraad</i>, Fig. 14I), square with small notch (<i>G. slangdraad</i>, Fig. 17I), rounded in <i>G. platdraad</i> (Figs 12L, 12O), and resemblance in <i>G. stompdraad</i> (Fig. 11I). Color and shape of crown (Figs 7 D–F) and nymph (Figs 7G, H) resemble the other species closely, e.g. Figs 1, 2 and 5.</p>Published as part of <i>Stiller, Michael, 2020, A new leafhopper genus Geelus and 12 new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae) from Southern Africa, pp. 301-344 in Zootaxa 4786 (3)</i> on pages 320-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4786.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3876635">http://zenodo.org/record/3876635</a>
Pravistylus dentidiscus Stiller 2010, sp. n.
No full text<i>Pravistylus dentidiscus</i> sp. n. <p>(Figs 1 f & g; 2 ai & aj; 3 x; 4 v; 5 o & p; 6 w; 7 j–l; 8 h–j)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Plates very short, 0.8–0.9 times as long as wide; medial margins, at their apices, forming a Ushaped notch; short triangular or digitate tooth (Figs 2 ai & aj, 8 i). Style distal part far from base; dorsal apophysis short, about as long as width across preapical lobe (Figs 5 o & p). Female sternite 7 posterior margin notch wide, deep, about half as wide as sternite, with acute points on either side (Figs 7 j–l).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Latin, compound word with tooth (<i>dentis</i>) and plate (<i>discus</i>), for the apical tooth on the subgenital plate.</p> <p> <b>Male and female</b>. Ochraceous. Vertex commonly with 2–3 paired dark brown markings: usually narrow, longitudinal bars near apex; rectangular to irregular markings slightly more posteriad, near ocelli; third pair sometimes absent, near compound eye, at margin next to pronotum. Tegmina with brown marking in inner anteapical cell (Figs 8 h & j). Sometimes with all cells in tegmina embrowned. Hind wing very small.</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 49) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.5–2.7 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.3–2.7 mm; vertex medially 0.4–0.5 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3 mm; pronotum medially 0.3 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.8–0.9 mm; pronotum 0.7–0.8 mm. Ocellar diameter 28.0 µm; ocellocular distance 25.5–37.3 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genital capsule</b>. Pygofer, in lateral view, short, greatest length 0.8–0.9 times as long as greatest width; ventral posterior margin slightly bulbous; dorsal posterior margin broadly rounded, lobate subapically (Figs 1 f & g). Pygofer lobe small, triangular, subapical. Plate short, 0.8–0.9 times as long as wide; broadly triangular, distal medial margins curved gradually or more abruptly laterally, forming U-shaped notch; posterior rounded apex produced into median, digitate or acute sclerotized tooth, sometimes curved or angled dorsally; about 4 macrosetae near apex of plate (Figs 2 ai & aj, 8 i, male, abdomen apex, ventrally); plate 0.8–1.0 times as long as wide. Aedeagus, in lateral view, with shaft arising ventrally from atrium; preatrium reduced; base of shaft basally C-shaped, apical third straight; gonopore lateral, elongate, at apical third of shaft (Figs 3 x, 4 v). Style, distal part far from anterior medial lobe; preapical lobe short (Fig. 5 p, Elim specimen); sometimes apophysis reduced (Fig. 5 o, Giant’s Castle specimen). Connective, dorsal view, as in Fig. 6 w; lateral view, straight.</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 43) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.6–2.7 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.8–3.0 mm; vertex medially 0.4–0.5 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3–0.6 mm; pronotum medially 0.3 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.9 mm; pronotum 0.8 mm. Ocellar diameter 26.5–29.5 µm; ocellocular distance 28.5–43.2 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genitalia.</b> Sternite 7 hind margin with large, deep, rounded notch, flanked by long, sharp points; notch about half as wide as width of sternite (Fig. 7 j, specimen from Giant’s Castle, Fig. 7 k, Meander Hut; Fig. 7 l, Pumula Farm).</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. Holotype male. South Africa, <b>KwaZulu-Natal</b>. Pumula Farm near Champagne Castle Hotel, 29°02ʹS, 29°26ʹE, 16.x.2000, M. Stiller, sweeping, unburned, moribund grass (SANC). Paratypes. 102♂, 96♀, 8 nymphs. <b>Eastern Cape</b>. 1♂, Qachasnek, site no. 31, 30°10ʹS, 28°35ʹE, 1717 m, 29.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping, MDTP 71052. <b>KwaZulu-Natal</b>. 1♂, 1♀, Contour path, Monk’s Cowl Nature Reserve, 29°05ʹS, 29°22ʹE, 1800 m, 25.ii.1995; 3♂, 3♀, Mike’s Pass, 28°58ʹS, 29°14ʹE, 1900 m, 8.xi.1999, sweeping, grass regrowth after burn; 2♂, 3♀, Champagne Castle Hotel vicinity, 29°04ʹS, 29°25ʹE, 16.x.2000, sweeping, unburned, moribund grass; 10♂, 12♀, same data as holotype; all M. Stiller; 6♂, Mike’s Pass, 28°58ʹS, 29°14ʹE, 1900 m, 16.iv.2002, DVac, moribund grass and forbs, 10h00; 7♂, 9♀, 6 nymphs, Mike’s Pass, Cathedral Peak Nature Reserve, 28°58ʹS, 29°14ʹE, 1900–2100 m, 16.iv.2002, DVac, unburned grass outside firebreak DVac, grass in moist, shaded NW slope; 4♂, 5♀, 2 nymphs, Meander Hut, next to road near wetland, 29°16ʹS, 29°32ʹE, 2100 m, 18.iv.2002, DVac, older grassland beyond firebreak; 6♂, 4♀, Meander Hut road, wetland, 29°15ʹS, 29°32ʹE, 2016 m, 18.iv.2002, DVac, longer grass, more diverse than in grassland beyond firebreak; 6♂, 12♀, Giant’s Castle, Nature Reserve 2 km outside entrance gate, 29°15ʹS, 29°31ʹE, 1850 m, 19.iv.2002, DVac, above road; 9♂, 13♀, Highmoor Forestry Station, 29°20ʹS, 29°36ʹE, 2233 m, 19.iv.2002, DVac, common grasses: <i>Koeleria capensis, Microchloa caffra, Tristachya leucothrix,</i> (Poaceae) and <i>Aristea</i> sp. (Iridaceae); 8♂, 7♀, Highmoor Forestry Station, 29°19ʹS, 29°37ʹE, 2200 m, 19.iv.2002, DVac, in grassland with 2 year burn cycle & in grassland on road beyond camp site; all M. Stiller, E. Breytenbach; 1♀, Champagne Castle Hotel vicinity, 29°04ʹS, 29°25ʹE, 16.xi.2002; 1♂, Sterkspruit River valley, Monk’s Cowl Nature Reserve, 29°02ʹS, 29°24ʹE, 1400 m, 3.i.2004, sweeping, regrowth after fire in winter or spring 2003; 2♂, 2♀, Arthur’s Seat mountain, 28°54ʹS, 29°26ʹE, 1583 m, 27.xii.2004, sweeping; all M. Stiller; 1♀, Giant’s Castle, acc. Leaf31, 29°13ʹS, 29°31ʹE, 15.iii.2002, W. Bullock, sweeping; 1♂, 1♀, Giant’s Castle, acc. Sp2leaf19, 29°13ʹS, 29°31ʹE, 4.ix.2002, W. Bullock, sweeping; 1♀, Giant’s Castle, acc. sp3leaf5, 29°12ʹS, 29°31ʹE, 13.xi.2002, W. Bullock, sweeping; 6♂, 3♀, road between Kwa Dlamini and White Mountain Resort, 29°08ʹS, 29°36ʹE, 1532 m, 26.xii.2004, M. Stiller, sweeping; 3♂, 3♀, Cathedral Peak, site no. 21, 28°58ʹS, 29°14ʹE, 1900 m, 17.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping, MDTP 93095; 1♂, 2♀, Cathedral Peak, site no. 26, 28°01ʹS, 29°15ʹE, 1907 m, 19.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping, MDTP 7233; 1♂, Cathedral Peak, site no.25, 28°58ʹS, 29°15ʹE, 1910 m, 19.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping, MDTP 71565; 1♂, 1♀, between Breakfast Stream and base of Sterkhorn, Monk’s Cowl Nature Reserve, 29°31ʹS, 29°32ʹE, 2008 m, 9.i.2007, sweeping, <i>Festuca</i> and other species; 9♂, 5♀, Breakfast Stream, 29°03ʹS, 29°23ʹE, 1965 m, 9.i.2007, sweeping; 1♀, base of Gatberg, Monk’s Cowl Nature Reserve, 29°02ʹS, 29°20ʹE, 2300 m, 9.i.2007, sweeping; <i>Festuca</i> sp., 2♂, 2♀, Hlathikulu Neck, on contour path, Monk’s Cowl Nature Reserve, 29°04ʹS, 29°21ʹE, 1920 m, 9.i.2007, sweeping; <i>Festuca</i> sp., 11♂, 4♀, Hlathikulu Neck, Monk’s Cowl Nature Reserve, 29°02ʹS, 29°21ʹE, 2038 m, 9.i.2007, sweeping; all M. Stiller. <b>Western Cape</b>. 2♂, road between Elim and Bredasdorp, 34°32ʹS, 19°47ʹE, 100 m, 1.iv.2001, M. Stiller, sweeping, <i>Ischyrolepis</i> sp. and <i>Chondropetalum microcarpum</i> (Restionaceae) in wetland grazed and trampled by cattle (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. Most specimens are remarkably uniform (Fig. 2 ai, specimen from KwaZulu Natal Province; Fig. 2 aj, specimen from Western Cape Province), except for the orientation of the posterior process of the plate, that may be orientated posteriorly or dorsally at 45º. The pygofer lobe is somewhat variable, large as in Fig. 1 f (KwaZulu-Natal Province) or reduced as in Fig. 1 g (Western Cape Province). The wide notch of the female sternite 7 is unique in this species, showing little variation and without any specimens depicting damage (Fig. 7 j, Giant’s Castle, Fig. 7 k, Meander Hut, Fig. 7 l, Pumula Farm). Parasitized specimens have a Y-shaped connective, without any other significant deformities (out of 23 dissected males, two specimens showed signs of parasitism). The specimen illustrated here with the reduced dorsal apodeme of the style (Fig. 5 o) is not parasitized, or at least has the normal connective.</p>Published as part of <i>Stiller, M., 2010, Revision of the Southern African leafhopper genus Pravistylus (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) 2468, pp. 1-81 in Zootaxa 2468 (1)</i> on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2468.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10094177">http://zenodo.org/record/10094177</a>
Pravistylus mollidiscus Stiller 2010, sp. n.
No full text<i>Pravistylus mollidiscus</i> sp. n. <p>(Figs 1 u; 2 z; 3 g; 4 g; 5 g; 6 f; 7 aw; 8 aj & ak)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Plate uniformly triangular, apex wide, membranous (Fig. 2 z). Margin of plate apex difficult to distinguish at low magnification. Aedeagal shaft short, slightly depressed, almost straight, gonopore apical (Figs 3 g, 4 g). Style with distal part close to base (Fig. 5 g).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Latin, plate, (<i>discus</i>) with membranous (<i>mollis</i>) apex.</p> <p> <b>Male and female</b>. Pale ochraceous (all specimens collected in 70% alcohol). Tegmina with costal cells pale yellow; apical cells reduced. Hind wing less than half as long as tegmina (Figs 8 aj & ak).</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 43) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 1.8–2.0 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.6–2.9 mm; vertex medially 0.4 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3 mm; pronotum medially 0.3 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.7–0.8 mm; pronotum 0.7 mm. Ocellar diameter 20.9–29.6 µm; ocellocular distance 39.0– 48.9 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genital capsule</b>. Pygofer in lateral view with posterior ventral and dorsal margin uniformly lobate (Fig. 1 u). Pygofer lobe short, rounded, about as wide as pygofer (Fig. 1 u). Plate triangular, lateral margins slightly concave, apex wide, broadly rounded; apex always membranous; 5–8 macrosetae; plate 1.4–1.5 times as long as wide (Fig. 2 z). Aedeagal shaft in lateral view almost straight, robust, slightly depressed, slightly longer than length of dorsal apodeme; shaft arising ventrally from atrium; gonopore ventral, apical (Figs 3 g, 4 g). Style distal part close to anterior medial lobe; apex tapering acutely (Fig. 5 g). Connective, in lateral view, straight, with stem triangular, base narrower, width across arms almost as wide as stem (Fig. 6 f).</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 33) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 1.9–2.0 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 3.0– 3.2 mm; vertex medially 0.4–0.5 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3 mm; pronotum medially 0.3 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.8–0.9 mm; pronotum 0.7–0.8 mm. Ocellar diameter 24.4.–29.5 µm; ocellocular distance 42.1–56.3 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genitalia.</b> Sternite 7 ligula short, triangular (about half a long as medial length at base); notch stepped, deepest part rounded. Ligula sometimes with round, sclerotized area (Fig. 7 aw).</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. Holotype male. South Africa, <b>Eastern Cape</b>. Zwelitcha near Tsolo, 31°10ʹS, 28°34ʹE, 1335 m, 29.iv.2006, M. Stiller, DVac, grazed veld (SANC). Paratypes. 48♂, 33♀. <b>Eastern Cape</b>. 10♂, 4♀, near Grahamstown and Alicedale road junction, 33°24ʹS, 26°22ʹE, 560 m, 23.iv.2006, grazed pasture and road reserve; 2♂, Olifantskop Pass, between Patterson and Cookhouse, 33°18ʹS, 25°57ʹE, 713 m, 23.iv.2006, disturbed grassland; 7♂, 3♀, Doon Farm, Thomas River, Cathcart, 32°28ʹS, 27°17ʹE, 1115 m, 24.iv.2006, wet grass on rocky ridge with Aloes; 20♂, 15♀, same data as holotype; 10♂, 11♀, Matatiele, 30°25ʹS, 28°39ʹE, 1435 m, 30.iv.2006, grazed grassland; all M. Stiller; all collected with DVac (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. <i>Pravistylus mollidiscus</i> has a unique plate and aedeagus. The plate is basically triangular with a wide and weakly sclerotized apex (Fig. 2 z). The aedeagus is very short and thick and only slightly curved (Figs 3 g, 4 g). This species is most similar to <i>P. deltoplacus</i> with regard to the shape of the plate (Fig. 2 aa). In both species the plate is triangular. The relative width of the plate in <i>P. mollidiscus</i> is difficult to distinguish in situ because the apical margins are membranous. <i>Pravistylus deltoplacus</i> has the plate apex at least half as wide as that of <i>P. mollidiscus</i>, and that is distinctly sclerotized, and both have a similar length to width ratio. In <i>P. mollidiscus</i> the plate is 1.4–1.5 times as long as wide, and in <i>P. deltoplacus</i> it is 1.4–1.6 times as long as wide. Other species with triangular plates always have the lateral margin sinuous and often with tufts of fine setae, such as <i>P. caenophallus</i> (Fig. 2 y), <i>P. odontopygeus</i> <b>sp. n.</b> (Fig. 2 x) and <i>P. pelorophallus</i> <b>sp. n.</b> (Fig. 2 u). The aedeagus of <i>P. deltoplacus</i> (Fig. 3 c) in lateral view has a U-shaped shaft with a wide base and short up-turned apex. In the dorsal view the shaft is depressed, about half as thick and much longer (Fig. 4 c) than that of <i>P. mollidiscus</i> (Fig. 4 g). No other species has a similarly simplified aedeagus.</p>Published as part of <i>Stiller, M., 2010, Revision of the Southern African leafhopper genus Pravistylus (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) 2468, pp. 1-81 in Zootaxa 2468 (1)</i> on page 32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2468.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10094177">http://zenodo.org/record/10094177</a>
Discolopeus copeus Stiller 2019, sp.n.
No full textDiscolopeus copeus sp.n. Figs 9 a–j, 10a–g, 19a, 19b. Diagnosis. Crown short with orange transverse line between ocelli. Subgenital plate ovate; ratio of length to width 1.41–1.86. Aedeagal shaft ventrally with subapical short paired tooth, shaft apex acuminate in lateral view, truncate in dorsal view, uniformly curved posterodorsally, depressed, sclerotized; dorsal apodeme in dorsal view parallel longitudinal separate bars; aedeagal process thin, gracile, short, as long as shaft. Style apophysis digitate, short. Connective with transverse bar concave, arms short. Pygofer lobe short, with apical and subapical short, blunt sclerotized processes. Etymology. Named for the chisel-shaped apex of the aedeagus, i.e. scalpiform, kopeus, Greek. Male, female and nymph. External morphology. Crown about as long medially as length next to eye (Figs 10b, 10c). Ground colour ochraceous to stramineous (Figs 10 a–d). Crown with orange transverse line between ocelli (Figs 10b, 10c). Face with brown marking medially on crown above antennal base (Fig. 10g). Pronotum with single round to amorphous light brown marking near posterior margin of compound eye. Tegmina with brown markings in numerous cells, veins brown. Nymph stramineous to yellow (Figs 10e, 10f). Male. Measurements. Overall length 4.73–5.06 mm; crown length 0.38–0.41 mm; crown length next to eye 0.36–0.40 mm; pronotum length 0.55–0.58 mm; head width 1.3 9– 1.53 mm; pronotum width 1.24–1.29 mm; ocellus diameter 37.1–46.9 µm; interocellar distance 39.9–52.5 µm. Male. Genitalia. Tergite X elongate, conical, about as long as pygofer (Fig. 9a). Pygofer anterior apodeme wide in dorsal view (Fig. 9a), curvate in lateral view (Fig. 9b). Pygofer lobe with a short apical sclerotized blunt tooth, directed ventrally and short subapical sclerotized blunt tooth, directed posteriorly (Fig. 9b). Valve ellipsoid, without anterior apodeme (Fig. 9c). Subgenital plate elongate (length to width ratio 1.41–1.86 (n=7)), apex narrowly rounded, macrosetae in distal half, marginally to submarginally (Fig. 9c). Aedeagus with shaft elongate, sclerotized, uniformly curvate dorsoposteriad, apical half scalpiform, subapically with ventral paired tooth; gonopore elongate, dorsal apodeme elongated, longitudinal, paired, disjunct sclerotized ridges (Figs 9d, 9e). Aedeagal paraphysis tubular, apex acute, attaining subapex of aedeagal shaft (Fig. 9d). Style apophysis in dorsal view triangular, depressed, in lateral view digitate, curved ventrad, preapical lobe ventral, rounded, preapical angle right-angled (Figs 9f, 9g); style situated near base of subgenital plate (Fig. 9b). Connective with transverse section concave, arms short, right-angled to mid-section (Fig. 9h). Female. Measurements. Overall length 5.43–5.64 mm; crown length 0.42–0.46 mm; crown length next to eye 0.41–0.44 mm; pronotum length 0.61–0.64 mm; head width 1.5 1–1.58 mm; pronotum width 1.36–1.42 mm; ocellus diameter 42.0–57.4 µm; interocellar distance 56.0 µm. Female. Genitalia. Sternite VII posterior margin shallowly concave (Fig. 9j) or sinuous with shallow, medial V-shaped notch (Fig. 9i). Valvifer 1 elongate, about two times longer than wide, posterior margin broadly rounded. Valvula 3 with 1–2 rows of macrosetae, marginal row with numerous setae, submarginal row with few setae. Material examined. Holotype male. Western Cape Province. CCDL 12880, Matsikammaberg near Vanrhynsdorp, -31.6, 18.7333, 1995/08/11, M. Stiller, sweeping Hyaenanche globosa Picrodendraceae. Paratypes. 11♂, 22♀, 38 nymphs. Western Cape Province. 1♂, CCDL 26234, Slagboom, -33.2333, 19.2833, 1967/12/29, J.G. Theron, sweeping; 6♂, 6♀, CCDL 26235, Clanwilliam Cedarberg, -32.5, 19.25, 1976/12/21, J.G. Theron, sweeping; 1♀, CCDL 26236, Clanwilliam, -32.1667, 18.8833, 1978/10/08, J.G. Theron, sweeping; 1♀, CCDL 26237, Clanwilliam, -32.1667, 18.8833, 1983/01/19, J.G. Theron, sweeping; 4♂, 11♀, 38 nymphs, Ibid. holotype; 1♂, 2♀, CCDL 26248, Jamaka farm #5, -32.3442, 19.0097, 2016/12/12, M. Stiller, sweeping Aspalathus galeata Fabaceae. Remarks. Discolopeus copeus is characterized by the short crown with transverse orange band, and together with D. viraktamathi, it is longer than the other species of Discolopeus. The short crown is found in D. arctus and D. thigmacaenus with the latter species with numerous brown to dark brown markings on the crown. The pygofer lobe in D. copeus has an apical and subapical process, whereas D. arctus the processes are much longer and one membranous and the other sclerotized. In D. thigmacaenus the pygofer lobe is produced into an elongate, ventrad acuminate process. Discolopeus copeus is the only species with a depressed apophysis of the style and with the apex curved ventrad. The aedeagus with its scalpiform shape, ventral paired short teeth and disjunct longitudinal dorsal apodeme bears no resemblance to D. arctus or D. thigmacaenus or any other species of Discolopeus. Distribution records from Clanwilliam and Jamaka indicated additional feeding plants to H. globosa. Distribution records of H. globosa are in Fig. 19a (http://newposa.sanbi.org, last accessed April 2017) indicate a restricted distribution, and not found at Clanwilliam and Jamaka, where few records suggest other associated plants. The potential natural distribution of D. copeus is in Fig. 19b.Published as part of Stiller, Michael, 2019, A new leafhopper genus Discolopeus and nine new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) associated with shrubs, trees and poisonous plants in South Africa, pp. 201-244 in Zootaxa 4559 (2) on page 219, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4559.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/262681
Pravistylus deltoplacus Stiller 2010, sp. n.
No full text<i>Pravistylus deltoplacus</i> sp. n. <p>(Figs 1 e; 2 aa; 3 c; 4 c; 5 n; 6 b; 7 g –i; 8 f & g)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Plate uniformly triangular, apex narrowly rounded, sclerotized (Fig. 2 aa). Aedeagal shaft depressed, in lateral view widely U-shaped; apex short; gonopore apical (Figs 3 c, 4 c). Female sternite 7 with wide, short ligula on posterior margin; notch rounded or irregular (Figs 7 g –i).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Greek, compound word for triangle (<i>delta</i>) and plate (<i>plakos</i>), for the triangular shape of the plate.</p> <p> <b>Male and female</b>. Ochraceous, without any significant dorsal markings (male, Figs 8 f & g). Clypeus with numerous horizontal arcs. Most specimens brachypterous, with about 10% macropterous (118 specimens examined). Hind wing reduced, about half as long as tegmina; normal in macropterous specimens.</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 61) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 1.9–2.5 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.3–2.6 mm; vertex medially 0.4 mm; vertex next to eye 0.2–0.3 mm; pronotum medially 0.3 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.7–0.8 mm; pronotum 0.7 mm. Ocellar diameter 14.9–27.8 µm; ocellocular distance 42.3–58.1 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genital capsule</b>. Pygofer, in lateral view, with posterior dorsal apex produced; ventral posterior margin with small triangular lip (Fig. 1 e). Pygofer lobe apex broadly rounded; base about as wide as pygofer (Fig. 1 e). Plate acutely triangular; median margin straight, lateral margin straight or slightly concave; uniseriate row of macrosetae laterally; plate membranously fused with valve (Fig. 2 aa); plate 1.4–1.6 times as long as wide. Aedeagal shaft arising ventrally from atrium, flattened dorsoventrally; in lateral view widely C-shaped; gonopore subapical, dorsal (Figs 3 c, 4 c). Style distal part far from base; apophysis acute, 3–4 teeth; preapical lobe right-angled; anterior medial arm short (Fig. 5 n). Connective in lateral view straight; in dorsal view with stem expanded apically, about one third length of arms (Fig. 6 b).</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 47) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.1–2.5 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.6–3.0 mm; vertex medially 0.4 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3 mm; pronotum medially 0.3 mm. Width: head 0.8–0.9 mm; pronotum 0.7–0.8 mm. Ocellar diameter 13.7–24.5 µm; ocellocular distance 44.4–60.7 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genitalia.</b> Sternite 7 posteriorly with median notch flanked by rounded lobes (notch rounded as in Fig. 7 h, notch stepped as in Figs 7 g & i).</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. Holotype male. South Africa, <b>Western Cape</b>. Wemmershoek Dam, N Franschhoek, 33°51ʹS, 19°03ʹE, 201 m, 14.xii.2004, DVac (SANC). Paratypes. 135♂, 86♀, 8 nymphs. <b>Eastern Cape</b>. 1♂, Misgund, 33°45ʹS, 23°30ʹE, 20.i.1982, J.G. Theron, sweeping, <i>Elytropappus rhinocerotis</i> (Asteraceae); 2♂, Devil’s Bellows Neck, 32°25ʹS, 26°40ʹE, 1646 m, 19.iv.2006, DVac; 1♂, Joubert Pass, Lady Grey, 30°43ʹS, 27°15ʹE, 1920 m, 19.iv.2006; 3♂, 2 nymphs, Naude’s Neck, Rhodes, 30°46ʹS, 28°06ʹE, 2593 m, 27.iv.2006, DVac. <b>Free State</b>. 1♀, Platberg, E near masts, 28°15ʹS, 29°12ʹE, 2362 m, 11.i.2006. <b>KwaZulu-Natal</b>. 6♂, 14♀, 3 nymphs, Tugela River, summit of Drakensberg, 28°45ʹS, 28°53ʹE, 2980 m, 5.i.2007, sweeping; 2♂, Elands River, valley on summit of Drakensberg, 28°45ʹS, 28°48ʹE, 3040 m, 7.iv.2007, sweeping; all M. Stiller. <b>Western Cape</b>. 1♂, Slagboom, 33°14ʹS, 19°17ʹE, 29.xii.1967, sweeping; 1♂, Jonkershoek, 33°56ʹS, 18°52ʹE, 28.xi.1968, sweeping; 5♂, 1♀, Paradyskloof, Stellenbosch, 33°57ʹS, 18°51ʹE, 6.xi.1969; 5♂, Slagboom, 33°14ʹS, 19°17ʹE, 13.xii.1969; 3♂, 1♀, Table Mountain, 33°28ʹS, 18°22ʹE, 23.xii.1969; 1♂, 1♀, Chapman’s Peak, Drive Hout Bay, 34°04ʹS, 18°21ʹE, 28.ix.1970, M.C. Walters; 1♂, Rawsonville, 33°41ʹS, 19°19ʹE, 16.i.1971; 2♂, 3♀, Chapman’s Peak Drive, Houtbaai, 34°04ʹS, 18°21ʹE, 19.ii.1971; 10♂, Jonkershoek, 33°56ʹS, 18°52ʹE, 23.xi.1971; 6♂, 5♀, Ceres, 33°22ʹS, 19°18ʹE, 25.xi.1971; 1♂, Pearly Beach, 34°39ʹS, 19°30ʹE, 50 m, 15.xii.1971; 1♀, between Koelenhof and Klapmuts, 33°53ʹS, 18°48ʹE, 15.xi.1974; 5♂, 3♀, Viljoen’s Pass, 34°05ʹS, 19°04ʹE, 5.xii.1974; 1♂, 3♀, Kraaifontein, 33°51ʹS, 18°44ʹE, 3.xii.1975; 1♂, Rondebosch Common, 33°57ʹS, 18°29ʹE, 15.xi.1976; 1♂, 2♀, Clanwilliam, Cedarberg, 32°30ʹS, 19°15ʹE, 21.xii.1976; 1♂, 1♀, Clanwilliam, Cedarberg, 32°30ʹS, 19°15ʹE, 14.x.1977; 1♀, Cape Point, 34°20ʹS, 18°29ʹE, 4.iii.1978; 4♂, 4♀, Betty’s Bay, 34°22ʹS, 18°56ʹE, 30.xi.1979; 2♀, Cape Point, 34°20ʹS, 18°29ʹE, 3.v.1985; all other J.G. Theron; 1♂, Sweetwater Resort, Kommetjie, 34°10ʹS, 18°20ʹE, 20 m, 8.xii.2004; 18♂, 9♀, Silvermine Nature Reserve, Noordhoek, 34°04ʹS, 18°24ʹE, 438 m, 9.xii.2004, DVac; 1♂, 4♀, Arniston, 34°39ʹS, 20°13ʹE, 40 m, 11.xii.2004, DVac, grass in depression, <i>Ehrharta calycina</i> var. <i>calycina</i> (Poaceae) common; 9♂, 5♀, 3 nymphs, Bainskloof Pass, W Breerivier Station, 33°32ʹS, 19°10ʹE, 261 m, 13.xii.2004, DVac, <i>Eragrostis curvula</i>, <i>Cynodon dactylon</i>, <i>Pentaschistis pallida</i> (Poaceae); 17♂, 4♀, Gevonden Farm, E Rawsonville, 33°42ʹS, 19°14ʹE, 296 m, 13.xii.2004, sweeping, <i>Ehrharta ramosa</i>, <i>Pentaschistis pallida</i> regrowth after fire; 1♂, Mitchell’s Pass, S Ceres, 33°25ʹS, 19°17ʹE, 342 m, 13.xii.2004; 12♂, 10♀, same data as holotype; 12♂, 11♀, Theewaterskloof Dam, between Franschhoek and Villiersdorp, 33°57ʹS, 19°10ʹE, 341 m, 19.xii.2004, DVac; all M. Stiller (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. The plate of this species (Fig. 2 aa) and that of <i>P. mollidiscus</i> <b>sp. n.</b> (Fig. 2 z) are uniformly triangular and with similar dimensions. However, in <i>P. mollidiscus</i> the apex of the plate is expanded and membranous and the aedeagus of <i>P. mollidiscus</i> is C-shaped (Fig. 3 g), with a tubular shaft that is directed posteriorly. The aedeagus of <i>P. deltoplacus</i> has a much narrower and longer shaft (Figs 3 c, 4 c). These two species are sympatric in the Eastern Cape Province. <i>Pravistylus deltoplacus</i> has a much wider distribution, from the western parts of the Western Cape Province (Fig. 8 f, specimen recorded from Silvermine) to high altitude grasslands in the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal Province (Fig. 8 g, specimen from Tugela River source). Females from the Western Cape (Fig. 7 h, Clanwilliam specimen; Fig. 7 g, Betty’s Bay specimen) and KwaZulu-Natal Provinces (Fig. 7 i, Tugela River specimen) do not depict significant differences.</p> <p> <i>Pravistylus deltoplacus</i> also resembles <i>Elginus theroni</i> (Stiller 2009b) in colouration, internal and external morphology and distribution. <i>Elginus</i> and <i>Pravistylus</i> species are separated by the symmetry of the shaft, that in the former is asymmetrical, and in the latter is symmetrical. In <i>E. theroni</i> the aedeagus is variably asymmetrical, evident in the placement of the gonopore subapically and laterally on the shaft. Additional differences between <i>P. deltoplacus</i> and <i>E. theroni</i> are in a number of features tabulated below (Table 1).</p>Published as part of <i>Stiller, M., 2010, Revision of the Southern African leafhopper genus Pravistylus (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) 2468, pp. 1-81 in Zootaxa 2468 (1)</i> on pages 13-15, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2468.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10094177">http://zenodo.org/record/10094177</a>
Tetramelasma Stiller 2011, gen.n.
No full textTetramelasma gen.n. (Figs 9a–g; 10a–k). Type species: Tetramelasma tanyphysis sp. n. Gender feminine. Etymology. Compound word in Greek, tetra, four, melasma, a black spot, for the four dark markings on the vertex. Gender feminine. Diagnosis. Moderately large leafhoppers (4–5 mm long), vertex with paired fuscous markings (Figs 2a; 3a; 5a; 6a&b; 7a; 9a; 10a). Hind wing about ½ as long and ¾ as wide as tegmina, tegmina reaching apex or beyond apex of abdomen. Tegmina without appendix, or very narrow (Figs 7g, 9f). Aedeagus narrow, tubular (Figs 1g &h, 4e, 7e&f, 9e), base fused to connective (e.g. Figs 4e, 9e), shaft with subapical dorsal gonopore. Plate variable, generally truncate, length either up to ½ as long as pygofer (Figs 3c&d, 4a&b, 9b&c), or about as long as pygofer, viewed laterally (Fig. 1c&d). Style either with apophysis elongate, with ventral tooth (Figs 1f, 9d) or short, invaginated posteriorly, variably dentate (Figs 4c&d; 7d). Female valvulae exposed basally (Figs 2b, 5b&c, 8a, 10b); sternite 7 variable, with wide notch of variable depth; variably produced laterally (Figs 2b–e; 5b–f; 6c–g; 8a–d; 10b– e). Colour. Male & female. Base colour yellowish-brown. Vertex dorsoapically with two paired fuscous markings: apical pair usually triangular, close together; basal pair close to anterior margin of compound eyes, roughly circular; markings of variable size. Vertex, pronotum and rarely scutellum sometimes dorsally with faint to darkbrown longitudinal stripes. Clypeus yellowish overlain by pale to dark-brown horizontal arcs, sometimes extending dorsally into vertex. Tegmina translucent smoky-yellowish-brown or almost colourless, veins pale to transparent; costal cell pale yellow, other cells sometimes bordered with light-brown markings (especially in apical cells) (e.g. Figs 3a, 7a, 9a). Tegmina & hind wings. Male & female. Tegmina macropterous (Figs 3a, 5a, 6b, 7a, 9a) or submacropterous (Figs 2a, 6a, 10a). Hind wing usually reduced, ½ as wide and ¾ as long as tegmina, jugal lobe present, small. (Figs 1i, 2f, 7h&i, 9g), M1+2 sometimes fused to R4+5. Rarely hind wing fully developed (256 specimen’s wings examined, 12 specimens with hind wing as long and wide as tegmina). External morphology. Male & female . Vertex 1.3–2.0 times longer medially than length of vertex next to eye, width of head 1.0–1.1 times wider than width across pronotum, diameter of ocellus 28 µm, ocellocular distance up to 48 µm. Vertex narrowly rounded to face, shagreened, disc of vertex smooth. Pronotum smooth. Clypellus rectangular, lateral convergent, subparallel margins. Gena extending slightly beyond posterior margin clypellus, slightly incised below eye. Spinulation of protibia 1+4. Profemur setae in row AV short, relatively thick, intercalary row setae about three times longer than those in AV, AV1 seta slightly longer and thicker than intercalary setae. Mesotibial setal formula 4+4. Metafemoral setal formula 2+2+1, apical paired setae slightly shorter than subapical seta, medial pair of different length and thickness. Metathoracic tibis with four rows of setae, as defined by Davis (1975). In all species of Tetramelasma, except in T. litopyx row III with uniform row of setae, reaching apex of tibia. In T. litopyx with row III without apical seta, but two subapical, heavily sclerotized setae, with tibia around base of these two setae sclerotized, both or one sometimes asymmetrical, about three times longer than basal setae. Internal morphology. Abdominal apodeme . Anterior and posterior apodeme narrow, without significantly enlarged lobes. Male. Dimensions. Apex of vertex to tips of tegmina 3.9–4.5 mm, vertex 1.1–1.5 times longer medially than length next to eye, head 1.1–1.3 times wider than pronotum, vertex 0.7–1.3 times longer than medial length of pronotum, vertex 0.3–0.5 times longer than width of head across eyes. Genital capsule. Segment 10 weakly sclerotized, lateral margins concave (Fig. 1b) or straight (Fig. 3b), incised ⅓ or ½ way into pygofer. Pygofer, viewed laterally, with posterior lobe bluntly triangular or rounded (Figs 1d, 3c, 4b, 7b, 9c); ventral margin usually bulbous, of variable size, sometimes larger than pygofer posterior lobe (Fig. 9c). Medial surface of ventral pygofer lobe with spine-like process of variable length; apex of spine diagnostic in some species: a. Narrowly acuminate (Fig. 4a&b). b. Wide with subapical tooth (Figs 3c, 7b). c. Bipinnate (Fig. 9c). d. Reduced (Fig. 1d). Ventral pygofer lobe sometimes reduced (Fig. 1d). Plate variable: commonly short, about one fifth the length of pygofer, posterior margin truncate, lateral and medial margins rounded or straight (Figs 3c&d, 4a&b, 7b&c, 9b&c); rarely about as long as length of pygofer (Fig. 1d); posterior, medial and lateral margins rounded, sinuous subapically (Fig. 1c); dorsolateral margin with sclerotized process apically, process digitate or rounded, variably extended beyond posterior margin of plate. Macrosetae grouped lateromedially, 4–8 in number. Style apophysis generally short (about 1–2 times as long as greatest basal width), shape variable: a. Expanded, barrel-shaped, posteriorly excavated, with mediolateral margin variably toothed, either with series of 5–6 distinct, uniseriate teeth (Figs 4c, 7d) or serration reduced to rounded protrusion and cluster of 2–4 denticles (Fig. 4d). b. Narrowly produced with medioventral or lateral serration (Figs 1f, 9d). Style basally with lateral lobe short, posteriad; medial lobe narrow, elongate, perpendicular to base. Aedeagus with shaft prominent, tubular, straight in dorsal view, curved or undulating in lateral view, gonopore subapical, dorsal (Figs 1g &h; 4e; 7e&f; 9e); dorsal apodeme reduced. Connective linear, of uniform width, arms fused anteriorly, fused to aedeagus (Fig. 1e). Female. Dimensions. 4.2–5.0 mm from apex of vertex to tips of tegmina, vertex 1.3–1.5 times longer medially than length next to eye, head 1.1 times wider than pronotum, vertex 1.1–1.5 times longer than medial length of pronotum, vertex 0.4–0.6 times longer than width of head across eyes. Genitalia. Abdominal sternite 7 narrow, with three basic shapes: a. Falcate, with posterolateral margin produced uniformly (Fig. 6c–g). b. Falcate, with posterolateral margin folded under lateral margins (Figs 5b–f; 8a–d). c. Trapezoid, posterior margin with medial, narrow V-shaped notch, lateral margins straight, angled slightly posteriad, medial disc membranous, laterally more or less sclerotized (Fig. 2b–e). Valvula 3 without major setae, only fine setae (Figs 2j&l; 6k&l; 8j&k; 10j&k). Valvula 2 finely serrate (Figs 2h&k; 6j; 8g &h; 10g &i). Valvula 1 lanceolate, with imbricate sculpture (Figs 2g &i; 6h&i; 8e&f; 10f&h). Relationships. Tetramelasma is placed in the tribe Deltocephalini based on the linear shaped connective and fusion between the connective and aedeagus, as defined by Webb & Viraktamath (2009) and Zahniser & Dietrich (2010). Other Deltocephalini in South Africa include Theronus Stiller, 2009, Heidinus Theron, 1988 and Maiestas Distant. None of these genera are significantly similar to Tetramelasma, except possibly the simple, tubular aedeagus. The fusion between the aedeagus and connective is distinct in these four genera, with the arms of the connective contiguous. The fusion of the arms of the connective is a distinguishing feature of the Paralimnini, but members of this tribe have the connective articulated with the aedeagus. In some instances this distinction between fusion and articulation becomes vague as pointed out by Webb & Viraktamath (2009). When compared to Palaearctic genera, Tetramelasma has similar colour and markings to that of Conosanus Osborne and Ball (Deltocephalinae, Athysanini) and Turrutus Ribaut (Deltocephalinae, Deltocephalini). The excavated apophysis of the style of Ebarrius Ribaut (Deltocephalinae, Paralimnini) bears some resemblance to that of Tetramelasma. In the Neotropical Region the shape of the plate of Tetramelasma somewhat resembles that of Haldorus (Parahaldorus) Linnavuori (Deltocephalinae, Deltocephalini).Published as part of Stiller, M., 2011, A new leafhopper genus and four new species from the Grassland Biome of South Africa (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae), pp. 35-51 in Zootaxa 2794 (1) on pages 36-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2794.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/529021
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