7,728 research outputs found
The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Colorectal Cancer Initiation and Progression: Perspectives on Theranostic Approaches
No full textAltered levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are recognized as one of the key factors in mediating tumor cell survival in the tissue microenvironment, where they play a role in the initiation, progression and recurrence/relapse of colorectal cancer (CRC). Tumor cells can adapt to oxidative stress (OS) using genetic or metabolic reprogramming in the long or short term. In addition, tumor cells defend themselves through positive regulation of antioxidant molecules, enhancing ROS-driven proliferation. Balanced oxidative eustress levels can influence chemotherapy resistance, allowing tumor cells to survive treatment. Secondary effects of chemotherapy include increased ROS production and redox stress, which can kill cancer cells and eliminate drug resistance. Anticancer treatments based on manipulating ROS levels could represent the gold standard in CRC therapy. Therefore, exploring the modulation of the response to OS in deregulated signaling pathways may lead to the development of new personalized CRC treatments to overcome therapy resistance. In this review, we explore the role of ROS in the initiation and progression of CRC and their diagnostic implications as biomarkers of disease. Furthermore, we focused on the involvement of ROS in different CRC therapeutic options, such as surgery, radiotherapy, theranostic imaging, chemotherapy and immunotherapy and other precision medicine approaches
Seismotectonics of strike–slip earthquakes within the deep crust of southern Italy: Geometry, kinematics, stress field and crustal rheology of the Potenza 1990–1991 seismic sequences (Mmax 5.7).
No full textWe present a revision and a seismotectonic interpretation of deep crust strike–slip earthquake sequences that occurred in 1990–
1991 in the Southern Apennines (Potenza area). The revision is motivated by: i) the striking similarity to a seismic sequence that
occurred in 2002 ∼140 km NNW, in an analogous tectonic context (Molise area), suggesting a common seismotectonic
environment of regional importance; ii) the close proximity of such deep strike–slip seismicity with shallow extensional seismicity
(Apennine area); and iii) the lack of knowledge about the mechanical properties of the crust that might justify the observed crustal
seismicity. A comparison between the revised 1990–1991 earthquakes and the 2002 earthquakes, as well as the integration of
seismological data with a rheological analysis offer new constraints on the regional seismotectonic context of crustal seismicity in
the Southern Apennines. The seismological revision consists of a relocation of the aftershock sequences based on newly
constrained velocity models. New focal mechanisms of the aftershocks are computed and the active state of stress is constrained
via the use of a stress inversion technique. The relationships among the observed seismicity, the crustal structure of the Southern
Apennines, and the rheological layering are analysed along a crustal section crossing southern Italy, by computing geotherms and
two-mechanism (brittle frictional vs. ductile plastic strength) rheological profiles. The 1990–1991 seismicity is concentrated in a
well-defined depth range (mostly between 15 and 23 km depths). This depth range corresponds to the upper pat of the middle crust
underlying the Apulian sedimentary cover, in the footwall of the easternmost Apennine thrust system. The 3D distribution of the
aftershocks, the fault kinematics, and the stress inversion indicate the activation of a right-lateral strike–slip fault striking N100°E
under a stress field characterized by a sub-horizontal N142°-trending σ1 and a sub-horizontal N232°-trending σ3, very similar to
the known stress field of the Gargano seismic zone in the Apulian foreland. The apparent anomalous depths of the earthquakes
(N15 km) and the confinement within a relatively narrow depth range are explained by the crustal rheology, which consists of a
strong brittle layer at mid crustal depths sandwiched between two plastic horizons. This articulated rheological stratification is
typical of the central part of the Southern Apennine crust, where the Apulian crust is overthrusted by Apennine units. Both the
Potenza 1990–1991 and the Molise 2002 seismic sequences can be interpreted to be due to crustal E–W fault zones within the
Apulian crust inherited from previous tectonic phases and overthrusted by Apennine units during the Late Pliocene–Middle
Pleistocene. The present strike–slip tectonic regime reactivated these fault zones and caused them to move with an uneven
mechanical behaviour; brittle seismogenic faulting is confined to the strong brittle part of the middle crust. This strong brittle layer
might also act as a stress guide able to laterally transmit the deviatoric stresses responsible for the strike–slip regime in the Apulian
crust and may explain the close proximity (nearly overlapping) of the strike–slip and normal faulting regimes in the Southern
Apennines. From a methodological point of view, it seems that rather simple two-mechanism rheological profiles, though affected
by uncertainties, are still a useful tool for estimating the rheological properties and likely seismogenic behaviour of the crust
THE ROLE OF PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS IN THE PERINATAL MANAGEMENT OF URINARY-TRACT ABNORMALITIES
No full textRepair of vaginal prolapse following penoscrotal flap vaginoplasty in a male-to-female transsexual
No full textPenis and testicle amputation, vaginoplasty, and clitoroplasty are procedures that help male-to-female transsexuals to accept their body and to increase psychosocial well-being. We describe a successful correction of prolapse of the neovagina with abdominovaginal sacropexy in a male-to-female transsexual who had undergone penoscrotal flap vaginoplasty. Although the reasons for a neovaginal prolapse are not completely known, in our case vaginal sacropexy was successful, with good functional and cosmetic results. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel
ANGIO-RM VERSUS AORTOGRAFIA NELLA VALUTAZIONE PREOPERATORIA DEL DONATORE NEL TRAPIANTO RENALE DA VIVENTE.
No full text
Local and duration magnitude determination for the Italian Earthquake Catalog, 1981-2002
No full textIn the present work, we update magnitude estimates of the instrumental catalogue of 99,780 Italian earthquakes that occurred during 1981-2002. The catalogue contains a large data set of P and S arrival times and accurate earthquake locations. We derive duration magnitude estimates from linear regression between local magnitude calculated from Mediterranean Very Broadband Seismographic Network (Med Net) and the corresponding seismic signal durations at the national network (RSNC). We introduce a station correction factor Scj because of most of the stations located in southern Italy show large residuals that appear to be of regional importance. The relation obtained:
Mdij= 2.49•log (Tij) – 2.31+ Scj.
Log MO - ML and MW - ML relations are also computed in the range of 3.5 - 5.8 from regional centroid moment tensor estimation of medium-strong Italian earthquakes, by linear regressions. We obtained best least square fits for:
LogMo = 1.18(±0.06)•ML + 10.92
Mw = 0.79(±0.4)•ML + 1.20This research has been supported in part by Project GNDT2000-2002 coordinated by A. Amato and G. Selvaggi and funded by Italian Civil Protection.Published128-139JCR Journalreserve
- …
