197 research outputs found
Epidemiology of Avian Metapneumovirus Infection in Italy
No full textAt the beginning of 2000 little information was available on circulation and molecular epidemiology of AMPV Italian poultry except for the data regarding the first Italian isolates made in the late 80s, which were shown to be B subtypes (Juhasz and Easton, 1994; Sperati Ruffoni L., personal communication). Moreover even though the vaccination was widely applied, disease still occurs occasionally in young as well older turkeys. This paper reports some studies performed in Italy since 2001 in order to understand better the epidemiology of AMPV and prophylactic problems encountered in the field
Preliminary results on the use of Melia azedarach fruit extracts as antimicrobial agents in the micropropagation of Zantedeschia
No full textBacterial contamination can be a great problem for in vitro plant tissue culture. The present study investigates the antimicrobial activity of fruit extracts of Melia azedarach on some bacterial isolates (‘spot agar test’) and contaminants of in vitro shoots of Zantedeschia aethiopica, and the influence of the extracts on shoot
growth. The shoots were grown on a proliferation medium (ZP) consisting of basal MS composition and BA 3 mg/L. Bacterial strains were isolated from various micropropagated plants, and identified as Sphingomonas paucimobilis (Sp), Bacillus circulans (Bc), Kocuria kristinae (Kk), and A17 (under identification). Forty gram fruit pulp and skin of Melia were homogenized in 100 ml distilled water (PA extract) or 50% ethanol (Et-OH) solution (PE extract). PEE was obtained from PE by Et-OH evaporation. Variable amounts (0, 1, 5, 10 and 20%) of PE and PEE fruit extracts and Et-OH solution were added to ZP, and their influence on shoot growth was evaluated. Zantedeschia shoots were inoculated with different bacterial strains and grown on standard ZP medium to allow bacteria spread. Shoots were treated with 10% PEE and subcultured again on ZP. Shoot homogenates were then processed for bacteria counts (colony forming units, cfu/ g fresh tissue). PE and PEE at 1% positively affected shoot growth; however, growth decreased as the extract amount increased. No growth, and severe yellowing occurred with 20% PEE, and even shoot death with PE at the same level. PEE was the most active extract, having a bactericidal activity against all the bacterial isolates, except Sp, while the Et-OH solution had no antimicrobial activity. PEE also strongly reduced Bc and Kk development in contaminated Zantedeschia shoots. These results suggest that fruit extracts of M. azedarach represent a promising alternative to antibiotics as antimicrobial treatments for bacteria-contaminated in vitro grown ornamental plants
Controllo delle batteriosi in germogli di calla
No full textL’attività antimicrobica di estratti di Melia azedarach e dell’acido carnocico (AC) è stata valutata su isolati batterici e su germogli di calla (Zantedeschia aethiopica) contaminati. Gli estratti etanolici di frutto (polpa e buccia, PE) e di semi (SE) di M. azedarach hanno mostrato attività battericida su diversi isolati batterici, tuttavia PE (20 mL/100 mL di mezzo) è risultato fitotossico. PEE (10 mL/100 mL, ottenuto per evaporazione dell’etanolo da PE) ha ridotto drasticamente lo sviluppo dei batteri nei germogli, mostrando ridotta tossicità. AC (200-400 mg/L) ha inibito efficacemente la crescita di sospensioni batteriche e, a concentrazioni elevate (400 mg/L), ha indotto parziale senescenza e inibizione radici dello sviluppo radicale
Local deformations of branched projective structures: Schiffer variations and the Teichmüller map
No full textWe study a class of continuous deformations of branched complex projective structures on closed surfaces of genus g≥ 2 , which preserve the holonomy representation of the structure and the order of the branch points. In the case of non-elementary holonomy we show that when the underlying complex structure is infinitesimally preserved the branch points are necessarily arranged on a canonical divisor, and we establish a partial converse for hyperelliptic structures
Zwicknia ledoarei Reding, Launay, Ruffoni, Vincon & Boumans, sp. n.
No full textZwicknia ledoarei Reding, Launay, Ruffoni, Vinçon & Boumans, sp. n. (Figs. 1–6) Capnia bifrons (Newman, 1838) pro parte Capnia bifrons (Newman, 1838) “ Caporb ” race sensu Rupprecht 1997 – Rupprecht 1997: 96 Fig. 4 (drumming signals). Morphological diagnosis. Male micropterous (Fig. 1); female macropterous. Vesicle small, rounded at apex (Fig. 5). Process of tergite 9 low, not projecting caudally (Figs. 2 and 6). Main epiproct sclerite strongly bent near mid- length, banana-shaped in lateral view. Tip of the main epiproct sclerite ogive in lateral view. Main epiproct sclerite long and slender, with nearly parallel edges and without bulges (dorsal view, Fig. 4). Female adults of Z. ledoarei presently are not separable from other species of Zwicknia. Type material. Holotype male: FRANCE: Jura Mountains, Ain Department, River Valserine, Mijoux, Golf D 50 a bridge, 46 ° 22.777 ' N, 6 ° 01.055' E, 995 m a.s.l., 0 5.05. 2014, leg. Bertrand Launay, deposited in the MZL (catalogue number: GBIFCH00279494). Paratypes: same locality, 3m, 1 f, 0 5.05. 2014, leg. B. Launay (paratypes deposited in the MZL under catalogue number: GBIFCH00279777); Dénériaz coomb, temporary brooklet, 46 ° 51.206 ' N, 6 ° 31.708 ' E, 1135 m, 18.06.1995, 3m, leg. J.-P. G Reding (MZL, catalogue number: GBIFCH00279201); Saut de l’Eau coomb, temporary brooklet, 46 ° 50.487 ' N, 6 ° 30.974 ' E, 1232 m, 28.04.2015, 2m, leg. J.-P. G. Reding (MZL, catalogue number: GBIFCH00278545); Saut de l’Eau coomb, temporary brooklet, 46 ° 50.487 ' N, 6 ° 30.974 ' E, 1232 m, 3.04.2016, 6L (larvae), leg. J.-P. G. Reding (MZL, catalogue number: GBIFCH00282526). Additional specimens are held in the collections of Jean-Paul G. and Alexis Reding (RC), Bertrand Launay (BLC), Gilles Vinçon (GVC), Jacques Le Doaré (JLDC), Alexandre Ruffoni (ARC), NHMO and MZL. 1. SWITZERLAND, Jura Mountains, Chasseron region, Areuse River Basin, cantons of Neuchâtel and Vaud, Rhine tributaries: 1.1 Dénériaz coomb, temporary brooklet, 46 ° 51.206 ' N, 6 ° 31.708 ' E, 1135 m, 25.04.1993, 1m; 27.04.1993, 5m; 0 9.05.1993, 1m; 30.04.1994, 3m; 26.05.1995, 3m; 19.04.1996, 1m; 14.05.1997, 2m; 0 3.05.1998, 3m, 3 f; 26.03.2003, 2m; 0 1.05.2003, 1m; 10.05.2008, 2f; 0 4.05.2011, 1L (leg. J.-P. G. Reding; RC) 1.2 Saut de l’Eau coomb, temporary brooklet, 46 ° 50.487 ' N, 6 ° 30.974 ' E, 1232 m, 31.05.1993, 2m; 12.05.2014, 1m, 1 f (tissue collection NHMO, male used for molecular studies with lab number 2020); 28.04.2015, 1L (leg. J.-P. G. Reding; RC); 0 3.04.2016, 1m, 3 L (leg. J.-P. G. Reding; RC) 1.3 Poëta Raisse, temporary brooklet, 46 ° 52.893 ' N, 6 ° 36.305 ' E, 1139 m, 29.03.1997, 1L; 26.04.1998, 1f (leg. J.- P. G. Reding; RC) 1.4 Breuil Brook, near Fleurier, 46 ° 54.189 ' N, 6 ° 36.982 ' E, 757 m, 0 5.04.1995, 1m, 2 L; 0 9.04.1995, 2m (leg. J.-P. G. Reding; RC) 1.5 Spring of Fleurier Brook, Raisse, 46 ° 53.445 ' N, 6 ° 34.649 ' E, 800 m, 0 3.03.2012, 1m (leg. J.-P. G. Reding; RC) 1.6 Small tributary of Buttes River, near Buttes, 46 ° 53.243 ' N, 6 ° 33.349 ' E, 768 m, 21.03.1992, 1m; 13.03.1993, 2m, 2 f; 21.03.1993, 3m; 23.03.1993, 1m; 0 6.04.1993, 1m, 1 f (in copula); 15.04.2009, 1m (leg. J.-P. G. Reding; RC) 1.7 Noiraigue Brook, Noirvaux, 46 ° 50.856 ' N, 6 ° 30.452 ' E, 1003 m, 19.04.1996, 1m; 27.05.2008, 2f; 18.5.2013, 1m, 1 L; 18.04.2015, 1m (leg. J.-P. G. Reding; RC) 1.8 Buttes River, Longeaigue, 46 ° 52.281 ' N, 6 ° 31.272 ' E, 812 m, 0 6.02.1996, 3L (leg. J.-P. G. Reding; RC) 1.9 Cambudes brook, waterfall, near Couvet, 46 ° 56.824 ' N, 6 ° 37.918 ' E, 1003 m, 13.04.1997, 1m; 0 7.06.1997, 1m (leg. J.-P. G. Reding; RC) 1.10 Cambudes brook, Plan du Pré, 46 ° 57.034 ' N, 6 ° 37.757 ' E, 1047 m, 13.04.1997, 1m; 0 1.05.2007, 1f (leg. J.-P. G. Reding; RC) 1.11 Cambudes brook, Trémalmont, 46 ° 57.321 ' N, 6 ° 38.039 ' E, 1090 m, 21.03.1998, 1L (leg. J.-P. G. Reding; RC) 1.12 Sucre brook, near Couvet, 46 ° 56.040 ' N, 6 ° 37.123 ' E, 870 m, 20.04.2005, 3L (leg. J.-P. G. Reding; RC) 2. SWITZERLAND, Jura Mountains, Mont d’Amin mountain, Seyon River Basin, Canton of Neuchâtel, Rhine tributaries: 2.1 Grande Berthière Brook, near La Chaux d’Amin, 47 ° 05.356' N, 6 ° 55.103 ' E, 1205 m, 0 6.11.2012, 5L; (leg. J.- P. G. Reding; RC) 3. SWITZERLAND / FRANCE, Jura Mountains, Jougnène headwaters, Orbe River Basin, Canton of Vaud, Switzerland and Doubs Department, France, Rhine tributaries: 3.1 Gascon Brook, near Grange Neuve, 46 ° 47.015 ' N, 6 ° 27.307 ' E, 1100 m, 27.04.2014, 14L; (leg. J.-P. G. Reding; RC) 4. SWITZERLAND, Jura Mountains, Vallée de Joux region, Orbe River Basin, Canton of Vaud, Rhine tributaries: 4.1 Spring of Orbe River, near Vallorbe, 46 ° 42.053 ' N, 6 ° 20.770 ' E, 775 m, 12.05.2015, 3m (leg. J.-P. G. Reding; RC) 4.2 Biblanc Brook, tributary of Orbe River, between Le Brassus and Bois-d’Amont, 46 ° 56.269 ' N, 6 ° 18.152 ' E, 1050 m, 24.04.1995, 11m, 2 f; 30.05.1995, 2m, 3 f; 27.06.1995, 2f (leg. G. Vinçon; GVC) 4.3 Biblanc Brook, La Bursine, 46 ° 33.790 ' N, 6 ° 10.898 ' E, 1067 m, 12.05. 1978 – 25.07.1978, 18m, 17 f (leg. J. Aubert; Aubert 1989: 262; MZL) 4.4 Epoisats Brook, near Vaulion, 46 ° 40.930 ' N, 6 ° 20.457 ' E, 1034 m, 22.04.1978, 15m, 28 f (leg. J. Aubert; Aubert 1989: 262; MZL) 4.5 Spring of the Nozon River, near Vaulion, 46 ° 40.643 ' N, 6 ° 22.925 ' E, 980 m, 26.05.1979, 2m, 2 f (leg. J. Aubert; Aubert 1989: 262; MZL); 12.05.2015, 1f (leg. J.-P. G. Reding; MZL, catalogue number: GBIFCH00282543) 4.6 Nozon River, Vaulion, 46 ° 41.423 ' N, 6 ° 23.724 ' E, 920 m, 13.04.2010, 1L (leg. SESA, MZL, catalogue number: GBIFCH00280271) 5. FRANCE, Jura Mountains, Doubs Department, Doubs drainage basin, Rhône tributaries: 5.1 Spring of Doubs River, Mouthe (25), 46 ° 42.295 ' N, 6 ° 12.545 ' E, 945 m, 29.04.2011, 4f (leg. J. Le Doaré; JLDC) 5.2 Small tributary of Lhaut River, bridge over Lhaut River, near Labergement-Sainte-Marie (25), 46 ° 45.503 ' N, 6 ° 15.768 ' E, 860 m, 12.05.1998, 1m; (leg. J.-P. G. Reding; RC) 5.3 Spring at Les Vurpillières, National Nature Reserve of the Lake of Remoray (25), 46 ° 45.485 ' N, 6 ° 15.283 ' E, 852 m, 15.05.1993, 1L; 0 5.06.1993, 1f; (leg. J.-P. G. Reding; RC) 5.4 Spring of Les Capucins, tributary of Lhaut River, near Brey-et-Maison du Bois, 46 ° 45.418 ' N, 6 ° 15.73 ' E, 870m, 11.04.2009, 2m (leg. J. Le Doaré; JLDC) 5.5 Small tributary of Drugeon River, Levier coomb, near Bonnevaux, 46 ° 49.338 ' N, 6 ° 14.073 ' E, 867 m, 10.06.2008, 1f; (leg. J.-P. G. Reding; RC); 11.04.2009, 7L (leg. J. Le Doaré; JLDC) 6. FRANCE, Jura Mountains, Jura dpt, Ain drainage basin, Rhône tributaries: 6.1 Spring of Ain River, near Conte, 46 ° 44.991 ' N, 6 ° 01.386' E, 708 m, 13.04.1991, 27m, 3 f; 19.07.1991, 2f (leg. J. Aubert; GVC); 10.04.2009, 1m, 8 f (leg. J. Le Doaré; JLDC); 0 2.04.2010, 5m, 2 f, 12 L; 24.05.2010, 1m, 15 f (leg. A. Reding; females RC, male NHMO and used for molecular studies with lab number 2019); 0 2.05.2015, 15m, 5 f (leg. B. Launay; BLC) 6.2 Spring of Saine River, near Foncine-le-Haut, 46 ° 40.108 ' N, 6 ° 04.678' E, 900 m, 25.04.2008, 1m, 2 f (leg. M. Genoud, JLDC); 0 2.04.2010, 4L; 24.05.2010, 1f, 1 L; 20.07.2010, 1f; 0 1.03.2012, 1f, 5 L; 30.04.2014, 3m, 2 f (leg. J.-P. G. Reding; RC) 6.3 Saine River, Chez Vallet near Foncine-le-haut, 46 ° 39.527 ' N, 6 ° 04.267' E, 877 m, 12.06.2008, 1m, 1 f (leg. J. Le Doaré, JLDC) 7. FRANCE, Jura Mountains, Ain dpt, Valserine and Albarine drainage basins, Rhône tributaries: 7.1 Tributary of Taillis brook, forest of Côte Aubert, Cormaranche en Bugey, 45 ° 58.025 ' N, 5 ° 37.477 ' E, 1000m, 31.03.2013, 7m, 16 L; 14.04.2013, 1m; 26.05.2013, 1m, 1 f; 25.01.2014, 1m, 4 L (leg. B. Launay; BLC) 7.2 Mélogne brook, upstream D 8 bridge, Hauteville-Lompnes (01), 45 ° 58.072 ' N, 5 ° 36.523 ' E, 868m, 0 7.04.2013, 6m, 1 L (leg. B. Launay; BLC) 7.3 Valserine, spring, Lajoux (01), 46 ° 25.027 ' N, 6 ° 03.507' E, 1158m, 0 6.04.2014, 1L (leg. B. Launay; BLC) 7.4 Valserine, La Villette bridge, Mijoux (01), 46 ° 23.813 ' N, 6 ° 02.37' E, 1050 m, 26.04.2015, 1m (leg. B. Launay; BLC) 7.5 Valserine, D 50 a bridge (golf), Mijoux (01), 46 ° 22.777 ' N, 6 ° 01.055' E, 995 m, 0 7.04.2014, 4m, 1 f; 0 5.05.2014, 9m, 1 f; 31.05.2014, 3m, 2 f; 11.04.2015, 8m, 9 L; 26.04.2015, 5m, 1 f (leg. B. Launay; BLC & RC) 7.6 Valserine, under Mijoux (01), 46 ° 21.753 ' N, 5 ° 59.008 ' E, 970 m, 13.04.1991, 1m (leg J. Aubert, GVC) 7.7 Valserine, la Rosselle, under Mijoux (01), 46 ° 20.998 ' N, 5 ° 58.498 ' E, 940 m, 26.04.2015, 1m, 1 f (leg. B. Launay; BLC) 7.8 Séran River, D 9 bridge, Ruffieu (01), 45 ° 59.863 ' N, 5 ° 40.662 ' E, 664m, 14.04.2013, 12m, 3 f, 5 L (leg. B. Launay; BLC & RC) 7.9 Bief du Ravinet, upstream Sous Panafay, Torcieu (01), 45 ° 54.672 ' N, 5 ° 24.962 ' E, 412m, 16.03.2013, 1m; 25.01.2014, 1m; 22.03.2015, 4m (leg. B. Launay; BLC) 8. FRANCE: Middle Rhône Region, Rhône tributaries: 8.1 Roubion River, near Pont de Barret (26), 44 ° 36.5 ' N, 5 ° 00.655' E, 250m, 27.01.2014, 4m; 0 5.03.2015, 5m, 1 f (leg. B. Launay; BLC & RC) 8.2 Lez River, bridge on road D 130, Teyssières (26), 44 ° 28.222 ' N, 05° 08.183' E, 545m, 0 4.03.2015, 2m, 1 f (leg. B. Launay; BLC) 8.3 Lez River, ford opposite to La Borie, Roche-Saint-Secret-Béconne Region (26), 44 ° 29.9 ' N, 05° 03.648' E, 390m, 0 4.03.2015, 6m, 3 f (leg. B. Launay; BLC) 8.4 Méouge River, near Les Iscles, côte 817m, Séderon (26), 44 ° 11.788 ' N, 5 ° 32.35 ' E, 817m, 0 3.03.2015, 1m, 1 f (leg. B. Launay; BLC) 9. FRANCE: Massif Central, Rhône tributaries: 9.1 Tributary to Ay River, Sarras Town Center (07), 45 ° 10.918 ' N, 4 ° 47.172 ' E, 200 m, 23.02.2007, 1m (leg. J. Le Doaré; JLDC) 9.2 Ribeyrette River, near Chamborigaud (30), 44 ° 18.138 ' N, 3 ° 58.623 ' E, 295 m, 12.02.2015, 2m (leg. B. Launay, BLC) 9.3 Valencize River, bridge on road D 34, côte 339m, Pélussin (42), 45 ° 25.477 ' N, 4 ° 41.29 ' E, 330m, 14.03.2015, 26m, 2 f, 2 L (leg. B. Launay; BLC) 10. FRANCE: Massif Central, Loire tributaries: 10.1 Boisserand temporary brook, Arroux tributary, near Auxy (71), 46 ° 57.473 ' N, 4 ° 28.002 ' E, 415 m, 18.02.2011, 3m (leg. A. Ruffoni; ARC) 10.2 Gazeille River, between Les Estables and Le Monastier-sur-Gazeille (43), 44 ° 55.408 ' N, 4 ° 02.833' E, 940 m, 15.04.2004, 1m, 2 f (leg. G. Vinçon; GVC) [11. SWITZERLAND: northeastern Prealps, canton of Thurgau, Thur drainage basin, Rhine tributaries: 11.1 Tobelbach, Gschmelltobel, 47 ° 37.341 ' N, 9 ° 1.762 ' E, 490 m, 20.04.2006, 1m (leg. U. Mürle, MZL, catalogue number: GBIFCH 00279956)] Description. Head, thorax, appendages and basal segments of the abdomen are typical for the genus. Males are micropterous (Fig. 1), females macropterous. Body length of males 4.5 to 7.6 mm, females 5.4 to 10.1 mm. Forewing length of males 0.7 to 1.2 mm. Male terminalia: process of tergite 9 low, rising sharply near the distal region of the corresponding tergite (Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 6), not projecting caudally (Figs. 2 and 6). In caudal view, the apical part of the process of tergite 9 has neatly marked angles at the upper corners (Fig. 3). The process itself is narrow, only about twice as wide as the main epiproct sclerite, in dorsal view (Fig. 4). Vesicle small, rounded at apex (Fig. 5), width about ¼ subgenital plate, sometimes 1 / 5 width in specimens from higher locations (> 1100 m). The heart-shaped subgenital plate is densely covered with long setae (Figs. 2, 3 and 5). In lateral view, the main epiproct sclerite (Ep-scl, sensu Murányi et al. 2014) is strongly bent near mid-length, banana-shaped; its tip is ogive, neither up-curved nor down-curved (Figs. 2, 3 and 6). In dorsal view, the main epiproct sclerite is long and slender, with nearly parallel edges and without bulges (Fig. 4). The tips of the pairwise arranged upper sclerites on the main epiproct sclerite are long and pointed. Female adults of Z. ledoarei presently not separable from other species of Zwicknia. Morphological affinities. Zwicknia ledoarei is morphologically most similar to Z. rupprechti but differing by the following: In lateral view, the main epiproct sclerite of Z. rupprechti is pointed with the tip slightly up-curved (Figs. 92 and 107, Murányi et al. 2014), whereas Z. ledoarei has a tip that is blunt and ogive in shape (Figs. 2, 3 and 6). In dorsal view, the main epiproct sclerite of Z. rupprechti bulges out slightly medially (Fig. 90, Murányi et al. 2014), whereas the shape of the main epiproct sclerite is uniformly parallel and is also slightly longer in Z. ledoarei (Fig. 4). The tips of the pairwise arranged upper sclerites of the main epiproct sclerite of Z. rupprechti (Fig. 90, Murányi et al. 2014) are much shorter than those of Z. ledoarei (Fig. 4). Moreover, the process of tergite 9 is projecting caudally in Z. rupprechti (Fig. 92, Murányi et al. 2014), instead of upwards in Z. ledoarei (Figs. 2, 3 and 6). In caudal view, the process of tergite 9 of Z. rupprechti (Fig. 93, Murányi et al. 2014) is much broader than that of Z. ledoarei (Fig. 4). Zwicknia ledoarei differs more markedly from Z. bifrons. This latter species has a much larger ventral vesicle (Fig. 83, Murányi et al. 2014) than Z. ledoarei (Fig. 5). Additionally, this vesicle is mussel shaped in Z. bifrons, whereas it is rounded in Z. ledoarei (Fig. 5). The main epiproct sclerite of Z. ledoarei is strongly bent, bananashaped, in lateral view (Figs. 2, 3 and 6) and only slightly bent in Z. bifrons. In lateral view, the main epiproct sclerite of Z. bifrons is pointed (Fig. 84, Murányi et al. 2014), whereas Z. ledoarei has a tip that is blunt and ogive in shape (Figs. 2, 3 and 6). Process of tergite 9 in Z. bifrons is elevated and perpendicular (Fig. 84, Murányi et al. 2014), whereas it is low in Z. ledoarei (Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 6). The process of tergite 9 rises gradually from the proximal to the distal part of the corresponding tergite in Z. bifrons (Fig. 84, Murányi et al. 2014), whereas it rises sharply only in the distal region of the corresponding tergite in Z. ledoarei (Figs. 2 and 6). Zwicknia westermanni, the fourth species of Zwicknia known from the Jura Mountains and the Massif Central, has no close morphological affinities with Z. ledoarei. The main epiproct sclerite is much longer and slender in lateral view (Fig. 3, Boumans & Murányi 2014). The male is brachypterous with a large ventral vesicle (Fig. 4, Boumans & Murányi 2014). In contrast, the male of Z. ledoarei has a smaller and thicker main epiproct sclerite, banana-shaped in lateral view (Figs. 2, 3 and 6), and is micropterous (Fig. 1) with a very small and rounded vesicle (Fig. 5). Molecular identification. Both COI and 28 S support the new species as a distinct lineage within Zwicknia. While many relationships are unresolved in the 656 bp COI-based mitochondrial phylogeny, the three specimens morphologically identified as Z. ledoarei clearly stand out as a well-supported haploclade (Fig. 7). The two COI sequences from the Swiss and French Jura Mountains are identical and 0.6 % different from the SwissBOL sequence from Thurgau. The haplotypes most similar to Z. ledoarei belong to French and German Z. rupprechti (4.3 %– 5.5 % uncorrected difference) and Andalusian Z. bifrons (5.0%– 5.2 % difference). The 28 S alignment of 758 bp contains only a small number of nucleotide substitutions and is therefore represented as a network (Fig. 8). Within the available data set, the 28 S allele of Z. ledoarei is species-specific. The least similar alleles belong to Z. rupprechti from France and Germany. The latter are further distinguished from all other Zwicknia by an indel of 2 base pairs. Identifications based on drumming signals. Zwicknia ledoarei was distinguished as early as 1993 by Rupprecht (1997). He recognised the temporal organisation of the duetting behaviour as unique and reported it as “ Caporb ” of the C. bifrons species complex. Rupprecht analysed the drumming behaviour of populations from four locations in the Swiss Jura Mountains, the karstic spring of the Orbe River at Vallorbe (Canton of Vaud, Switzerland) as well as three sampling sites in the headwaters of the Areuse River Basin (cantons of Neuchâtel and Vaud, Switzerland, stations 1.1, 1.4 and 1.7, see above). He found that while the signals of the male-female drumming duets of Z. ledoarei are similar to those of Z. rupprechti, the interval between the call of the male and the answer of the female of Z. ledoarei is much longer (about one second, Rupprecht 1997, Fig. 4) than the one of Z. rupprechti (only about half a second, see also Murányi et al. 2014, Figs. 188 and 189). Moreover, the behaviour of the male of Z. ledoarei, who runs after producing a signal and stops shortly before the female response is to be expected, is also different from that of Z. rupprechti (Rupprecht 1997). Distribution (Fig. 9). In France, outside of the Jura Mountains, Z. ledoarei occurs in the eastern foothills of the Massif Central, but does not seem to extend to the Langres Plateau and the headwaters of the Seine River. Its distribution extends from the foothills of the Massif Central into the French Middle Rhône Region on both sides of the river, to the French Prealps. The species is then found further in the Bugey Region, mainly in tributaries of the Rhône (Séran, Valserine and Ain drainage basins). The occurrence of Z. ledoarei in the Jura Mountains is patchy, despite being the major center of distribution area for the species. Zwicknia ledoarei occurs in many karstic springs of the French portion of the Jura Mountains, within an area that includes the springs of the Doubs, the Drugeon, the Saine, the Ain, the Valserine, and the Séran. In Switzerland, Z. ledoarei occupies the western parts of the Jura Mountains, where it is very abundant in the Areuse drainage basin and the Vallée de Joux (Aubert 1989; Reding 1998), hydrologically linked via the Orbe River, whose headwaters are in dispersal range from Valserine Spring. The occurrence of Z. ledoarei is less frequent in the eastern portions of the Swiss Jura Mountains and it seems to be absent from the Birs drainage basin (Tabular Jura, Küry 1994). In France, Z. ledoarei is not known from the Loue and Lison drainage basins. Within the above regions, three additional species of Zwicknia occur. Zwicknia bifrons and Z. westermanni are to be found only at lower altitudes at the foothills of the Jura Mountains; the distribution area of Z. rupprechti does not extend beyond the Massif Central. Ecology. Zwicknia ledoarei can be collected from small perennial as well as temporary brooks and springs up to 1250 m in the High Jura Chain of France and Switzerland, and karstic springs at lower altitudes in the Bugey Region. The species seems absent, however from springs that are isolated and not connected to larger watercourses. In the Massif Central and the French Prealps, the species rarely occurs in headwaters and springs, but more often in larger streams and rivers with gravel substrates (for example the Roubion River). No other species of the genera Zwicknia or Capnia Pictet are to be found in sympatry with Z. ledoarei in the High Jura Chain. In the Massif Central, however, Z. ledoarei occurs in at least one sampling-station (intermittent Boisserand Brook, station 10.1) in sympatry with Z. westermanni and Z. rupprechti. The flight period of Z. ledoarei extends from early spring to early summer. Adults of both sexes emerge from the end of February until mid-May; females may be encountered up to the end of July, especially in karstic springs. In the High Jura Chain, oviposition often takes place in small residual water-bodies connected to hyporheic zones in otherwise dry riverbeds. Etymology of Zwicknia ledoarei. This species is dedicated to Jacques Le Doaré, Châteaulin, France, in recognition of his important contribution to our knowledge of the distribution and ecology of the Plecoptera in France.Published as part of Reding, Jean-Paul G., Launay, Bertrand, Ruffoni, Alexandre, Vinçon, Gilles & Boumans, Louis, 2016, A new species of Zwicknia Murányi (Plecoptera, Capniidae) from the French and Swiss Jura Mountains, the French Massif Central, and the French Middle Rhône Region, pp. 133-146 in Zootaxa 4121 (2) on pages 135-142, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4121.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/26259
Dictyogenus muranyii Vincon, Launay, Le Doare, Ruffoni & Reding 2019, sp. n.
No full textDictyogenus muranyii Vinçon, Launay, Le Doaré, Ruffoni & Reding, sp. n. http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Plecoptera.speciesfile.org: TaxonName:506376 (Figs. 27–51) Dictyogenus fontium – Despax, R. (1940). Bulletin de la Société d’Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse, 75:296. Dictyogenus fontium – Vinçon, G. (1996). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique Suisse, 69:72. Dictyogenus fontium gr sp 3-GV sensu Gilles Vinçon (early-release DNA sequence on: www.boldsystems.org, unpublished) Materials examined. Holotype male: FRANCE, Vercors Massif, Isère department (38), Karstic Spring of Bruyant river, above Engins, Lans-en- Vercors (38250), 45° 8.798123'N, 5° 37.049358'E, 982m a.s.l., 09.06.2017, leg. G. Vinçon, deposited in the MZL (catalogue number: GBIFCH00652534). Paratypes: same locality, same date, 3♂, 1♀, leg. G. Vinçon, deposited in the MZL (catalogue number: GBIFCH00652525, GBIFCH00652519); same locality, same date, 3L, leg. J.-P.G. Reding, deposited in the MZL (catalogue number: GBIFCH00652514). Additional specimens. We examined many other specimens. These are stored in the collections of Bertrand Launay (BLC), Gilles Vinçon (GVC), Jean-Paul G. Reding (RC), Dávid Murányi (MC), Jacques Le Doaré (JLDC), Alexandre Ruffoni (ARC) and MZL. FRANCE Vercors Massif Drôme department (26): Archiane torrent, Drôme tributary, NE Châtillon-en-Diois, Menée, Cirque d’Archiane, 44° 44.770828'N, 5° 30.214097'E, 760m, 31.07.1990, 1♂; 16.09.1990, 2♀ (leg. G. Vinçon; GVC). Spring at Brudour cave, Brudour River, Bourne tributary, Bouvante (26190), 44° 55.67493'N, 5° 19.257459'E, 1182m, 13.04.2016, 3L; 02.06.2016, 2♂, 2♀, 1L, 7E (leg. B. Launay; BLC; used for molecular studies by IRSTEA, numbers B079 and B080); 21.05.2017, 1E (leg. G. Vinçon; GVC); 09.06.2017, 9E (leg. J.-P.G. Reding; RC). Adouin river, near its spring, Vernaison and Bourne tributary, Tourtre, Saint-Martin-en- Vercors (26420), 45° 0.120928'N, 5° 27.550379'E, 793m, 21.05.2017, 1♂, 1♀ (leg. G. Vinçon, GVC); 09.06.2017, 11♀, 1E (leg. G. Vinçon; RC; 1♀ used for molecular studies by SwissBOL, MZL, catalogue number GBIFCH00280854); 2♂, 17♀ (leg. G. Vinçon; GVC). Cholet river, Lyonne and Bourne tributary, Combe Laval, Saint-Laurent-en-Royans (26190), 44° 59.859883'N, 5° 20.75296'E, 355m, 21.05.2017, 2♂, 6E (leg. G. Vinçon; GVC). Isère department (38): Bruyant river, Furon and Isère tributary, above Engins, Lans-en-Vercors (38250), 45° 8.798123'N, 5° 37.049358'E, 982m, 06.10.1991, 1E; 25.06.1995, 7♂, 4♀; 10.05.1998, 1♂; 10.06.2007, 1♂; 22.06.2008, 1♂; 22.06.2009, 32♂, 6♀ (1♂ used for molecular studies by A. Reding); 07.07.2012, 7♂, 2♀, 1L (leg. G. Vinçon; GVC); 07.06.2015, 3♂, 2♀, 6L, 5E (leg. B. Launay; BLC); 09.06.2017, 2♂, 1♀, 17E (leg. G. Vinçon; GVC); 7♂, 1♀, 7L, 3E (leg. J.-P.G. Reding; RC; 1♂ used for molecular studies by SwissBOL, MZL, catalogue number GBIFCH00280811). Cuves de Sassenage strong rheocrene spring, Germe brook, Furon and Isère tributary, Sassenage (38474), 45° 12.516243'N, 5° 39.078175'E, 330m, 15.06.1991, 1♂, 2♀ strongly brachypterous (leg. G. Vinçon; MC). Drevenne river, Isère tributary, Pont Chabert, Saint-Gervais (38470), 45° 10.643943'N, 5° 29.885486'E, 885m, 15.06.1991, 1L (leg. G. Vinçon; GVC); 31.05.2012, 2♂; 17.07.2012, 2L; 11.07.2015, 3L (leg. J. Le Doaré; JLDC); 06.06.2015, 1E (leg. B. Launay; BLC). Font Noire river, Bourne tributary, Villard-de- Lans (38250), 45° 4.472474'N, 5° 33.970966'E, 1010m, 01.06.2016, 1♂, 1E (leg. B. Launay; BLC; used for molecular studies by IRSTEA, number B120). Fauge river, Bourne tributary, Villard-de-Lans (38250), 45° 3.373805'N, 5° 34.664105'E, 1230m, 01.06.2016, 1E (leg. B. Launay; BLC). Spring of Furon river, Lans-en-Vercors (38250), 45° 6.304551'N, 5° 36.221224'E, 1294m, 12.07.2015, 6L (leg. J. Le Doaré; JLDC). Chartreuse Massif Isère (38) and Savoie (73) departments: Sarcenas river at Sarcenas, Isère tributary, (38700), 45° 16.829887'N, 5° 45.251584'E, 1093m, 20.04.1986, 5L; 01.06.1986, 4L; 05.10.1986, 1♂ (leg. G. Vinçon; GVC). Spring of Guiers-Vif river, Rhône tributary, Cirque de Saint-Même, Saint-Pierre-D’Entremont (73670), 45° 23.491629'N, 5° 53.464859'E, 1050m, 21.06.1992, 3♀; 12.09.1992, 4♀, 1E; 21.06.1992, 3♀ (leg. G. Vinçon; GVC). Karstic spring of Guiers Mort, Rhône tributary, Saint-Pierre-de-Chartreuse (38380), 45° 19.571976'N, 5° 51.452039'E, 1360m, 11.09.1938, stage and numbers not specified (leg. Ms. Daudin, fide Despax 1940). Diagnosis. General color dark brown with tawny and yellow spots (Figs. 27, 28). Males and females macropterous; only two females were found strongly brachypterous. Apex of the frontal sclerite of the epiproct of adult males very slightly turned downwards, in lateral view (Fig. 33). Female subgenital plate covering half of the abdominal sternum 9 (Fig. 36). Body length of males 17.2 to 20.9 mm; females 18 to 23.6 mm. Anterior wings of males 15 to 19.3 mm; females 17.7 to 21.5 mm. Posterior wings of males 12.5 to 15.8 mm; females 15.3 to 17.4 mm. Adults (Figs. 27–36). Upper side of the head brown, with large yellow spots (Fig. 28). M-line yellow, not interrupted in its middle (Fig. 28). Between the lateral ocelli, a large, ovoid, yellow area delimitated posteriorly by the epicranial suture (Fig. 28). Presence of a large, yellow, median band extending from the anterior margin of the pronotum to its posterior margin (Fig. 28). Band slightly constricted in the middle and then steadily widening toward the posterior margin (Fig. 28). A tawny area on each side of the pronotum, with dark, sculpted rugosities (Fig. 28). Anterior and posterior angles of pronotum almost rectangular (Fig. 28). Abdominal sterna 1 to 6 pale yellow, with two dark patches. Antennae dark brown; cerci light brown with basal part pale yellow (Figs. 29, 30). Wing venation as typical for the genus (Fig. 31; cf. Fig. 8). Forewing with the two cross-veins “ra- rp” and “rp- ma” nearly aligned (like in Fig. 8). Numerous crossveins forming a reticulated area between RA and RP (Fig. 31; cf. Fig. 8). Cross-vein “ra- rp” and subcostal area faintly infuscate (as in Fig. 8). Male terminalia (Figs. 29, 30, 32–35). Epiproct flanked by flat and spatulate lateral stylets (Figs. 33, 34). Abdominal tergum 10 divided into hemiterga whose lobes are covered with a bunch of 20 to 25 long setae in which 3 to 6 stronger and longer spines (half of the length of the hemitergal lobes) are embedded (Figs. 29, 32). Hemitergal lobes bulb-shaped with a slight distal knob (Fig. 30), both pointing rearwards (Fig. 30) and almost horizontally toward each other (Figs. 29, 32). Apex of frontal sclerite of epiproct slightly turned downwards, in lateral view (Fig. 33). Lateral stylets long, only slightly enlarged at apex, in lateral view (Figs. 33, 34). Abdominal sternum 7 composed of multiple plates (as in Figs. 7, 59, 82). Females (Fig. 36). Females not formally identifiable to species level. Female subgenital plate (Fig. 36) covering at most half of sternum 9. Its general shape is semi-circular with a shallow Vshaped median notch. Mature larvae (Figs. 37–45). Interocellar area with a narrow yellow patch nearly reaching lateral ocelli (Figs. 37–39). Lateral ocelli with small lateral circum-ocellar yellow patch (Fig. 38). A large, elliptical yellow patch above each lateral ocellus (Figs. 37–39). M-line well visible only in its medial, crescent-shaped, section (Figs. 37–39). Pronotum wider than long (Figs. 38, 39). Medio-dorsal setae on pronotum long, but not compacted, sometimes covering only the posterior half of the pronotum (Figs. 40, 41). Medio-dorsal row of setae present on mesonotum and metanotum (Fig. 40). Abdominal terga with a row of short and sparse medio-dorsal setae (Fig. 42). Paragenital plates, in ventral view, without spines, or with only 1 spine on one of the paragenital plates, but with numerous empty spine insertion points (Fig. 44). Medio-dorsal row of swimming-hairs of caudal setae sparse, slightly longer than the diameter of the cerci (Fig. 43). General aspect as in Fig. 37. Egg characteristics (Figs. 46–51). General shape triangular or trilateral in cross section. Posterior pole of egg regularly rounded; ridges protruding (Figs. 46, 47). Chorionic surface spring of Brudour, Drôme dpt, France. Photo B. Launay. 43. Medio-dorsal setae on cerci. Karstic spring of Brudour, Drôme dpt, France. Photo A. Ruffoni. 44. Paragenital plates, ventral view. Karstic spring of Brudour, Drôme dpt, France. Photo B. Launay. 45. Stipe. Karstic spring of Brudour, Drôme dpt, France. Photo B. Launay. with polygonal follicle cell impressions (Figs. 48, 50, 51). Anchor papillate, donut shaped apically with central depression (Figs. 48, 49). Micropyles not protruding and arranged regularly in a line in the middle of the egg (Figs. 47, 50). Eclosion line absent (Figs. 46, 47). Comparison to Congeners. Adults. In the adult male of Dictyogenus muranyii sp. n., a wide, V-shaped membranous area between the hemitergal lobe and the inner anterior corner of the hemitergum is present (Figs. 29, 32), whereas this area is sclerotized and much narrower in D. alpinum (Fig. 56). The lateral stylets in D. muranyii sp. n. are slightly enlarged apically (Figs. 33, 34), intermediate in form between those of D. alpinum (Fig. 57) and those of the D. fontium species complex (Fig. 80). In the adult female of D. muranyii sp. n., the subgenital plate (Fig. 36) covers at most the upper half of sternum 9, as is also the case for specimens of the D. fontium species complex (Figs. 83, 84), whereas the subgenital plate of D. alpinum covers ¾ of sternum 9 (Figs. 60, 61). The anterior and posterior angles of the pronotum of Dictyogenus muranyii sp. n., D. jurassicum sp. n. and D. fontium are almost rectangular (Figs. 2, 28, 79), whereas those of D. alpinum are rounded (Fig. 54). Adult males and females of Dictyogenus muranyii sp. n. hence have more affinities with those of the D. fontium species complex than with those of D. alpinum. Mature larvae. Dictyogenus muranyii sp. n. differs from D. fontium by the presence of medio-dorsal setae on the pronotum (Fig. 41 compared to Fig. 86). Medio-dorsal setae on pronotum are long and sparse in D. muranyii sp. n. (Figs. 40, 41), whereas they are long and dense in D. alpinum (Fig. 71), and short and scattered, arranged as two loosely demarcated rows in D. jurassicum sp. n. (Fig. 13). Distribution and ecology. Dictyogenus muranyii sp. n. inhabits karstic springs (some of them intermittent; Fig. 52) in the French Vercors and Chartreuse massifs (Fig. 92). The localities occurring on the south western part of the Vercors Massif belong to the Drôme watershed (main Rhône tributary); those occurring on the northern and eastern part of the Vercors Massif, and on the southern part of the Chartreuse Massif belong to the Isère watershed (main Rhône tributary), and those occurring on the western part of the Chartreuse Massif belong to the Guiers watershed (Rhône tributary). The life cycle of Dictyogenus muranyii sp. n. is probably similar to the one of D. jurassicum sp. n. The main emergence period of adults is in May and June, although isolated specimens occur until September. We have noted on one occasion a spectacular upstream flight of females in mid-June on the river Adouin (Fig. 53). Some of the females were ovipositing under large stones right at the spring head. Mature larvae emerge preferentially on small islets located in the middle of the river. Etymology of Dictyogenus muranyii sp. n. This species is dedicated to Dr. Dávid Murányi, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary, in recognition of his outstanding contributions to the plecopteran taxonomy.Published as part of Reding, Jean-Paul G., Launay, Bertrand, Doaré, Jacques Le, Ruffoni, Alexandre & Vinçon, Gilles, 2019, Two New Species Of Dictyogenus Klapálek, 1904 (Plecoptera: Perlodidae) From The Jura Mountains Of France And Switzerland, And From The French Vercors And Chartreuse Massifs, pp. 27-64 in Illiesia 15 (2) on pages 40-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.476128
Fig. 93 in Two New Species Of Dictyogenus Klapálek, 1904 (Plecoptera: Perlodidae) From The Jura Mountains Of France And Switzerland, And From The French Vercors And Chartreuse Massifs
No full textFig. 93. Phylogenetic tree of Dictyogenus species. GenBank accession numbers of sequences are indicated before the code of species (start with MK).Published as part of Reding, Jean-Paul G., Launay, Bertrand, Doaré, Jacques Le, Ruffoni, Alexandre & Vinçon, Gilles, 2019, Two New Species Of Dictyogenus Klapálek, 1904 (Plecoptera: Perlodidae) From The Jura Mountains Of France And Switzerland, And From The French Vercors And Chartreuse Massifs, pp. 27-64 in Illiesia 15 (2) on page 60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.476128
FIGURE 7 in A new species of Zwicknia Murányi (Plecoptera, Capniidae) from the French and Swiss Jura Mountains, the French Massif Central, and the French Middle Rhône Region
No full textFIGURE 7. Phylogenetic tree of Zwicknia mitochondrial haplotypes based on 656 bp of COI. Bayesian inference tree. Support values: *, ** indicate Bayesian posterior probability>0.95 and>0.99 respectively; MP and NJ bootstrap percentages are shown in this order separated by a slash. Bootstrap values <50 not shown.Published as part of Reding, Jean-Paul G., Launay, Bertrand, Ruffoni, Alexandre, Vinçon, Gilles & Boumans, Louis, 2016, A new species of Zwicknia Murányi (Plecoptera, Capniidae) from the French and Swiss Jura Mountains, the French Massif Central, and the French Middle Rhône Region, pp. 133-146 in Zootaxa 4121 (2) on page 142, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4121.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/26259
- …
