26,517 research outputs found
DS_10.1177_2380084418812886 – Supplemental material for Unconscious Racial Bias May Affect Dentists’ Clinical Decisions on Tooth Restorability: A Randomized Clinical Trial
No full textSupplemental material, DS_10.1177_2380084418812886 for Unconscious Racial Bias May Affect Dentists’ Clinical Decisions on Tooth Restorability: A Randomized Clinical Trial by N. Patel, S. Patel, E. Cotti, G. Bardini and F. Mannocci in JDR Clinical & Translational Research</p
Cows’ and buffalo milk for cooked fresh cheese: preliminary comparison of the cheese-making efficiency and quality of griddled acid/heat-coagulated Paneer and rennet-coagulated Tosella/Schiz
No full textMilk from cows and buffaloes represents the major source of dairy products worldwide. Cheese is consumed fresh, ripened, cooked, or as recipe ingredient in many different types. Using Paneer and Tosella/Schiz model cheeses as a case study of cooked cheeses, in this short communication we evaluated the cheese yield and quality of fresh cheese before and after cooking comparing the two major dairy species (cows and buffaloes). A total of 75 model cheeses (37 Paneer and 38 Tosella/Schiz) were made. Slices of all the cheeses were cooked on a griddle at 130 °C. Milk, whey, and cheese composition traits, cheese-making efficiency traits, and cooked cheese quality traits were evaluated using a mixed model that included the fixed effects of cheese type and animal species, and their interaction, and the random effects of session, animal within species, and the residual. Higher cheese yields are obtained from the buffalo milk not only because more concentrated in nutrients, but also for the greater recovery of nutrients in cheese. There was a greater recovery of protein with the acid/heat Paneer procedure than the rennet Tosella/Schiz procedure, but we found a species × cheese type interaction for fresh cheese yield. The interaction was related mainly to the higher water retained in the Tosella/Schiz curd rather than to total solids. This led also to greater cooking weight-loss compared with Paneer. The qualitative traits of cheese were highly affected by griddling. Future research on the sensorial perception of cooked cheeses from the two major dairy species is needed to predict consumer response
Castianeira tinae Patel & Patel 1973
No full textCastianeira tinae Patel & Patel, 1973 Castianeira Tinae Patel & Patel, 1973: 6, fig. 3a–g (♂ ♀). Castianeira tinae: Feng, 1990: 173, fig. 148.1–4 (not ♂, ♀); Majumder & Tikader, 1991: 140, figs 292–296 (♀). Remarks. This species was described based on male and female specimens collected from Vallabh Vidhyanagar (22 o 32’51.56’’N, 72 o 55’30.50’’E; 41 m alt) in Gujarat. The type material of this species was not examined as it is not deposited in NZC-ZSI. It is noteworthy that Patel and Patel (1973) provided no repository information for this species. The original illustrations, even though they are highly schematic, provide hints regarding similarity of this species with Castianeira zetes Simon, 1897, particularly the shape and orientation of the embolus, and outline of the epigyne. The male pedipalp of this species illustrated in Feng (1990: figs 148.3–4) is, however, not of a Castianeira species, but is of Corinnomma severum (Thorell, 1887) (cf. Feng 1990: fig. 148.3 and Deeleman-Reinhold 2001: fig. 469). The subsequent illustrations of the epigyne of C. tinae (Feng 1990: fig. 148.1–2; Majumder & Tikader 1991: figs 293–294) also indicate its resemblance to C. zetes. However, its synonymy with C. zetes can only be confirmed after examining the type specimen of the species.Published as part of Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D. & Sebastian, Pothalil A., 2019, New synonymies and transfers in Castianeira Keyserling, 1879 (Araneae, Corinnidae, Castianeirinae) from India, pp. 331-340 in Zootaxa 4623 (2) on page 332, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4623.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/325549
Unconscious Racial Bias May Affect Dentists’ Clinical Decisions on Tooth Restorability:A Randomized Clinical Trial
No full textMethods: In this single-center cross-sectional survey, 57 dentists were given a clinical scenario in combination with a patient’s relevant clinical photographs and radiographs depicting either a Black or White patient presenting with a decayed tooth and associated symptoms of irreversible pulpitis. Explicit bias was measured through a questionnaire, which evaluated participants’ course of treatment, strength of recommendation, and their perception of patients’ dental cooperativeness. Implicit bias was evaluated through brief implicit associate tests. Results: Recommendation for root canal treatment (RCT) in the White patient condition was significantly higher than in the Black patient condition (χ2 = 4.77, P < 0.05). Overall, participants were significantly more likely to recommend root canal treatment to White patients (t = 2.46, P = 0.0172) and significantly more likely to recommend extraction for Black patients (t = 3.03, P = 0.0034). In total, 91.23% and 78.95% of all participants displayed high Brief Implicit Association Test race and cooperation scores, respectively, showing a pro-White bias in both categories. This trend was shown to be irrespective of the patient condition. Conclusions: Dentists’ decision making was affected by the race of the patient, resulting in a greater likelihood of extractions (less RCT) for Black patients presenting with a broken-down tooth and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study can be used by clinicians to understand the impact that unconscious racial bias may have on their treatment planning decisions. This information can create awareness, thereby reducing the impact that potential biases can have on the treatment patients receive.</p
Performance of different portable and hand-held near-infrared spectrometers for predicting beef composition and quality characteristics in the abattoir without meat sampling
No full textThe availability of portable and handheld NIR instruments on the market opens up new possibilities in meat analysis. However, there is lack of research comparing different NIR instruments for evaluating beef characteristics from spectra obtained directly on the meat surface. Our aim, therefore, was to build and test calibration and prediction models for predicting beef characteristics, and to compare the performances of three NIR instruments differing in size and characteristics: a transportable visible-NIR spectrometer (Vis-NIRS), a portable (NIRS), and a hand-held Micro-NIRS. Spectra were collected from 178 beef samples (Longissimus thoracis muscle) from the meat surface in the abattoir. The spectra were subjected to different mathematical pretreatments then partial least square regressions. The results showed that all instruments predicted dry matter, protein and lipids with R2VAL 0.23 to 0.70; pH and cooking loss R2VAL 0.19 to 0.25; and color R2VAL 0.35 to 0.77. Overall, the prediction performances of the three instruments were similar, although Micro-NIRS performed better in some respects
Platelet-rich plasma for knee osteoarthritis: Letter to the editor
No full textIn the February 2013 issue of The American Journal of Sports Medicine, Patel et al8 published a randomized trial (‘‘Treatment With Platelet-Rich Plasma Is More Effective Than Placebo for Knee Osteoarthritis’’) that showed the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) over a placebo saline injection in the treatment of knees affected by osteoarthritis (OA), with no difference in the beneficial effect between 1 or 2 PRP injections. For this study, a total of 74 patients with bilateral OA were divided randomly into 3 groups, treated, and followed up to 6 month
Exploration of the effect of farm, breed, sex and animal on detailed mineral profile of beef and their latent explanatory factors
No full textMinerals in meat vary with different extrinsic and intrinsic sources; therefore, we aimed to quantify different sources of variation in mineral profile of beef. Longissimus thoracis muscle (N.182) from young bulls and heifers was analysed using ICP-OES for 6 macrominerals, 5 essential microminerals and 9 environmental microminerals. Results of mixed models show that breed and sex have little effect on mineral profile. Major sources of variation, such as farm, individual animal within farm and side/sample within animal, differed markedly from mineral to mineral, affecting reproducibility coefficients. Multivariate factor analysis revealed that five latent factors explained 69% of the co-variance of 20 minerals. The first was a quantitative factor, followed by others based on Na-Fe-Cu, on K-B-Pb, on Fe-Mn and on Zn content, respectively. In conclusion, minerals’ major source of variation depends on complex relationships between the animal’s genetics, physiology, farm environment, management and feeding, whose understanding is favoured by latent factor analyses
Invited review: A comprehensive review of visible and near-infrared spectroscopy for predicting the chemical composition of cheese
No full textSubstantial research has been carried out on rapid, nondestructive, and inexpensive techniques for predicting cheese composition using spectroscopy in the visible and near-infrared radiation range. Moreover, in recent years, new portable and handheld spectrometers have been used to predict chemical composition from spectra captured directly on the cheese surface in dairies, storage facilities, and food plants, removing the need to collect, transport, and process cheese samples. For this review, we selected 71 papers (mainly dealing with prediction of the chemical composition of cheese) and summarized their results, focusing our attention on the major sources of variation in prediction accuracy related to cheese variability, spectrometer and spectra characteristics, and chemometrics techniques. The average coefficient of determination obtained from the validation samples ranged from 86 to 90% for predicting the moisture, fat, and protein contents of cheese, but was lower for predicting NaCl content and cheese pH (79 and 56%, respectively). There was wide variability with respect to all traits in the results of the various studies (standard deviation: 9–30%). This review draws attention to the need for more robust equations for predicting cheese composition in different situations; the calibration data set should consist of representative cheese samples to avoid bias due to an overly specific field of application and ensure the results are not biased for a particular category of cheese. Different spectrometers have different accuracies, which do not seem to depend on the spectrum extension. Furthermore, specific areas of the spectrum—the visible, infrared-A, or infrared-B range—may yield similar results to broad-range spectra; this is because several signals related to cheese composition are distributed along the spectrum. Small, portable instruments have been shown to be viable alternatives to large bench-top instruments. Last, chemometrics (spectra pre-treatment and prediction models) play an important role, especially with regard to difficult-to-predict traits. A proper, fully independent, validation strategy is essential to avoid overoptimistic results
Predicting the content of 20 minerals in beef by different portable near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers
No full textThe aim of this study was to test the predictability of a detailed mineral profile of beef using different portable near-infrared spectrometers (NIRS). These devices are rapid, chemical waste-free, cheap, nondestructive tools that can be used directly on the meat surface in the work environment without the need to take samples. We compared a transportable Visible-NIRS (weight 5.6 kg; wavelength 350-1830 nm), a portable NIRS (2.0 kg; 950-1650 nm), and a hand-held Micro-NIRS (0.06 kg; 905-1649 nm) to predict the contents of 20 minerals (measured by ICP-OES) in 178 beef samples (Longissimus thoracis muscle) using different mathematical pretreatments of the spectra and partial least square regressions. The externally validated results show that Fe, P, Mg, S, Na, and Pb have some potential for prediction with all instruments (R2 VAL: 0.40-0.83). Overall, the prediction performances of the three instruments were similar, although the smallest (Micro-NIRS) exhibited certain advantages
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