1,721,044 research outputs found
Epidemiology of intoxications in Italy
No full textIn our country, to date, incidence of poisoning in domestic animals has only been partially evaluated in isolated studies. Therefore, there is a critical lack of information for practitioners in this field and a real risk of misevaluating this important phenomenon. So, this paper tries to define the incidence of poisonings in companion animals in Italy and to improve knowledge of this phenomenon. The work is divided in three parts. In the first one F. Caloni presents the situation in the Northern Italy with the survey of the Poison Control Centre of Milan from 2000 to 2002, in the second part G. Mengozzi reports the results from 1999 to 30 June 2003 of Central Italy and in the last one M. Amorena shows the incidence of poisonings in Southern and Insular Italy
A HPLC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF BROMODIOLONE PLASMA KINETICS AND ITS RESIDUES IN HEN EGGS
No full textCereal-based bromadiolone anticoagulant is often used for rodent
control, and because these baits are attractive for poultry they may
be accidentally ingested. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop
a new high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for
the determination of bromadiolone residues in hens’ eggs and its
plasma kinetics. Laying hens (n = 48) were divided into four groups
of 12 animals each. Groups I and II received orally a single dose of
bromadiolone 10 mg/kg, group III received a single dose of
bromadiolone 60 mg/kg, and group IV was the control. Eggs were
collected from groups I, III, and IV, whereas plasma was collected
from groups II and IV. The HPLC method developed was
reproducible, sensitive, accurate, and linear within the range
0.1–20 μg/g. The final HPLC conditions were as follows: mobile
phase MeOH–ammonium acetate (0.5 M) triethylamine buffer (pH
5, 51:49, v/v); analytical column Luna C18 ODS2; wavelength 260
nm; flow rate of 1.5 mL/min; and warfarin as internal standard (5
μg/mL). Recoveries for bromadiolone were in the range of 72–80%
with RSD lower than 10%. Pharmacokinetic behavior of
bromadiolone in hens results faster than that reported in other
animals and humans. Following 10 and 60 mg/kg treatment
bromadiolone was not detected in albumen but was present in yolk
from day 4 to 5 and from day 2 to 9. In conclusion, the
bromadiolone amount found in eggs was well below the toxic dose
of this anticoagulant for humans, and no anticoagulant effect
should be observed
MALICIOUS ANIMAL INTOXICATIONS: POISONED BAITS
No full textABSTRACT: Data of toxicological analyses for baits carried out in the Laboratory of Toxicology of the Department
of Veterinary Clinics (University of Pisa) over a 10-year period are summarized. The 508 lures have been
grouped according to their preparation features. This classification has generated six classes: (1) baits prepared
with discarded or out-of-date food; (2) laborious and original/particular baits; (3) baits containing more than one
toxic substance; (4) baits containing non-toxic material; (5) baits prepared with non-food material and (6) in vivo
baits. The most commonly detected toxic substances in baits were organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides
(48%), anticoagulant rodenticides (18%), zinc phosphide (12%), strychnine (9%), metaldehyde (8%) and others
(5%). This survey shows that in Italy, the deliberate misuse or abuse of toxic substances intended to kill domestic
animals, is very common and still far from being eradicated. Elaboration of a complex strategy, involving authorities
as well as veterinarians and citizens, is the first step to defeat this harmful practice
BOSSA NOVA / Augusto GARINCHA et son orchestre
No full textComprend : DESAFINADO / A.C. JOBIM - PIRANHAS / G. MENGOZZI - REY DE SAO PAULO / L. CONTI - DIAMANTE / TIERRAS - DELIRIO / L. CONTI - COM ESTA CHUVA / G. MENGOZZI - RITMO DE OTONO / TIERRAS - CANCION OTONAL / L. CONTI - SAMBA DE UMA NOTA SO / A.C. JOBIM - O MACACO / G. MENGOZZI - AGUA DEL MAR / L. CONTI - VOILA LA BOSSA NOVA / TOMASITO et SALVET - BALADA TRISTE / TIERRAS - INDIO / G. MENGOZZIBnF-Partenariats, Collection sonore - BelieveContient une table des matière
Dobutamine echocardiography for the identification of viable myocardium in patients with left ventricular dysfunction undergoing coronary surgery
No full textIn order to evaluate dobutamine echocardiography for the detection of viable myocardium in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, we scheduled 10 patients (males, mean age 59.5 ± 7.4 years, range 40-72) with severe ischemic left ventricular dysfunction (mean ejection fraction 29.1 ± 4.4%, range 19-40%). All patients underwent preoperative dobutamine echocardiography: dobutamine infusion was administered at a 5 μg/Kg/min dose for 5 min (first step), followed by a 10 μg/Kg/min dose for further 5 min (second step). Continuous electrocardiographic monitoring was performed. Echocardiographic images were digitized on-line. Regional wall motion index was scored on a 16 left ventricular segment score system (160 total segments). During dobutamine echocardiography test neither signs or symptoms of myocardial ischemia nor arrhythmia occurred. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction increased from 29.1 ± 4.4 to 40.5 ± 8.8% (p < 0.001) and mean regional wall motion index decreased from 1.44 ± 0.35 to 1.20 ± 0.40 (p < 0.001) at the end of the dobutamine infusion. Intraoperative myocardial protection was performed according to Buckberg protocol. Death or perioperative myocardial infarction were not recorded. Clinical evaluation and two-dimensional echocardiography were performed 3 months later. All patients improved their clinical status (at least one NYHA class) and no signs of recurrent ischemia were recorded. Among total 160 left ventricular segments, 61 were excluded from the analysis: 43 because normokinetic at rest and 18 because not revascularized at operation. During dobutamine echocardiography wall motion remained unchanged in 69/99 segments, thus they were considered not viable: in 60/69 of these segments wall motion remained unchanged after coronary surgery (specificity 79%). During dobutamine echocardiography wall motion impairment decreased or reversed in 30/99 segments, thus they were considered viable: in 14/30 of these segments wall motion improved after coronary surgery (sensitivity 61%). In conclusion, dobutamine echocardiography seems to be a safe, reliable and low-cost test in surgical decision-making for patients with severe ischemic left ventricular dysfunction
POISONED BAITS: A RISING CONCERN FOR ANIMAL HEALTH
No full textObjective: In Europe, malicious animal poisonings are nowadays of concern for both the animal and human health. Focusing on Italy, this problem has been afforded at the beginning of this century. In this frame, a law ruling-banning the preparation, possess, and employment of poisoned baits, was issued in 2001. Poisoned bait is a special threat to dogs and cats but it also kills birds of prey such as owls, kites and eagles, as well as foxes and badgers. The present study reports an overview on the different types of poisoned “hand made” baits found in 10 years of toxicological analysis.
Materials & Methods: Data for this retrospective study were taken from 508 pesticide based baits analyses ranging from January 1999 to December 2009. The presence or absence of a suspected pesticide in baits was investigated by validated laboratory methods using a solid-phase or liquid-liquid extraction followed by separation and characterization by chromatographic techniques. The analyses were carried out for organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides (CI), anticoagulant rodenticides (AR), zinc phosphide (ZP), strychnine (ST) and metaldehyde (MT). In the instance the bait was not positive for the above mentioned toxics, the sample underwent screening analysis in GC-MS.
Results & Conclusion: The baits found positive have been classified in 6 different: 1) baits prepared with discard or out of date food. Miscellaneous baits belong to this class and are the most frequent (n° 362, CI 52%; AR 19%; ZP 11%, ST 9%, MT 8%, other [OT] 1%). 2) laborious and original particular baits. This class groups baits that requested particular work and time in preparation, making them original (n° 85, CI 49%; AR 10%; ZP 21%, ST 2%, MT 12%, OT 4%). 3) baits containing more than one toxic substance. These baits are usually the most harmful for the animals (n° 39, CI 65%; AR 59%; ZP 20%; ST 35%; MT 12%; OT 9%). 4) baits containing non toxic material. The final intent to kill the animals is unfortunately well pursued by these baits, and for this reason this class has been inserted in the study (n° 15). 5) baits prepared with non food material. This group is seldom used (n=6, CI 50%; ST 50%), but according to officer’s reports it is a method apparently used from gypsies or other unscrupulous people to kill the guard dogs. 6) in vivo baits. This class had only a case reported
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