1,721,116 research outputs found

    Theoretical Models and Relevant Calculations of Photon Production and Photonuclear Reaction Data

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    Photon production and photonuclear reaction data, with emphasis on theoretical model aspects aimed at reliable evaluations, represent a challenge in many technological applications, from radiation shielding for different nuclear systems, including accelerators, to devices relevant to nuclear energy applications, particularly the ones concerning the Accelerator Driven Systems for nuclear waste transmutation. In this field of applied science, theoretical calculations complementing the existing experimental data play an essential role in performing valuable nuclear data evaluations, particularly when the measured quantities are discrepant, scarce, or even lacking. In this framework, new improved results of theoretical and evaluation activities carried out at ENEA, Division for Advanced Physics Technologies, are presented especially concerning photonuclear reaction cross sections. Relevant aspects of nuclear structure models are discussed together with a critical analysis of the related computing codes considered in the present ENEA evaluations, aimed at producing specific contributions to the above-mentioned nuclear programs and applications and at cooperating in the framework of the international initiatives and efforts on the inter-comparison of the evaluated data and of the relevant models and codes. An innovative method has been developed and utilized for microscopic and statistical models of nuclear structure, especially referring to algebraic models aimed at complementing the reaction models for the treatment of pre-equilibrium and compound-nucleus processes. The relevant microscopic algebraic model calculations are discussed, as they reasonably approximate the observed structure of photonuclear cross sections due to multi-polarity effects. Accordingly, theoretical calculation methods are presented for Ti and Mo isotopes, as materials relevant to nuclear applications, and significant results are reviewed for Ti natural isotopes and the element in comparison with the experimental data when available from the existing literature

    Maxillary molar distalization with MGBM-system in class II malocclusion.

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    Objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the treatment effects of the MGBM-System (G.B Maino, A. Giannelly, R. Bernard, P. Mura), a new intraoral device to treat Class II malocclusions.A retrospective study was conducted to compare the pre-distalization and post-distalization cephalograms and dental model casts of 30 patients (15 male, 15 female) with Class II malocclusion treated with MGBM-System. Mean age at the beginning of treatment was 13.3 years (standard deviation 3.3). Angular, horizontal and vertical measurements were recorded to monitor skeletal and dental-alveolar changes. Molar movements in horizontal plane were monitored by making dental measurements on dental model casts.The MGBM-System produced a rapid molar distalization and Class II relationship was corrected in 8 months ± 2.05, on average. The maxillary first molars were distalized of 4.14 (PTV-6 cemento-enamel junction), associated with a significant distal axis incline of 10. 5° referred to SN and a significant intrusion of 1.3 mm (PP). As for anchorage loss, the first premolar exhibited a significant mesial movement of 0.86 mm, associated with a significant mesial axis incline of 2.46°. No significative changes in either sagittal or vertical skeletal relationship were observed.The results suggest that the MGBM-System is an efficient and reliable device for distalizing the maxillary permanent first and second molars

    Scattering Computations with the Vector Code MCSHAPE for Applications in Cultural Heritage.

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    The vector equation is the best model known for describing the diffusion of incoherent photon beams. In this article, a brief overview of the Boltzmann transport equation (scalar and vector) will be given. Then, it will be described the state-of-the-art of the transport codes developed at Bologna based on this model. Finally, the application of the codes will be illustrated with some examples of interest in cultural heritage
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