264 research outputs found
Milk production and nitrogen excretion of cow fed diets with differing starch/protein ratios
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Tribute to Raúl Martínez Crovetto and update of the “Taxonomic Note on Wilbrandia sagittifolia (Cucurbitaceae)”
No full textIntroducción y objetivos: Raúl Nereo Martínez Crovetto (1921-1988) formó parte del grupo inicial que fundó la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica el 21 de junio de 1945. Uno de sus trabajos formó parte del primer volumen del Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica. Por este motivo, es uno de los botánicos que la Sociedad ha querido homenajear con motivo de la celebración de su 80º aniversario. El presente trabajo tiene dos objetivos: en primer lugar, homenajear a Martínez Crovetto, destacando algunos aspectos de su obra menos conocidos. En segundo lugar, actualizar la historia taxonómica de Wilbrandia sagittifolia, especie estudiada en su primer trabajo en el Boletín.
M&M: Para documentar los aspectos biográficos de Martínez Crovetto se consultaron obituarios y homenajes, artículos científicos publicados por el botánico, artículos sobre compilación y actualización de datos inéditos, y trabajos donde se han mencionado los aportes del autor a diversas disciplinas. En cuanto a la historia taxonómica de Wilbrandia sagittifolia y su actualización, se consultaron descripciones originales, catálogos y listas de sinónimos.
Resultados: Se destacaron algunas temáticas de la producción científica de Martínez Crovetto: usos de especies nativas y exóticas, aportes a la flora de Tandilia, teratología, primeros aportes a temas de importancia agronómica, Fitosociología y Fitogeografía, especies invasoras, estudios taxonómicos. Se actualizó la historia taxonómica de Wilbrandia sagittifolia hasta el presente.
Conclusiones: Los aportes de Martínez Crovetto en diversas ramas de la botánica y temáticas son destacables, entre ellas en la familia Cucurbitaceae.Background and aims: Raúl Nereo Martínez Crovetto (1921-1988) was among the founding members of the Sociedad Argentina de Botánica on June 21, 1945. One of his works appeared in the inaugural volume of the Botetín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica. For this reason, he is one of the botanists the Society has chosen to honor on the occasion of its 80th anniversary. This work has two objectives: First, to pay tribute to Martínez Crovetto by highlighting some lesser-known aspects of his work. Second, to update the taxonomic history of Wilbrandia sagittifolia, a species studied in his first work for the Bulletin.
M&M: To document Martínez Crovetto´s biographical details, we consulted obituaries and tributes, scientific articles published by the botanist, articles on the compilation and updating of unpublished data, and works that mention the author\u27s contributions to various disciplines. Regarding the taxonomic history of Wilbrandia sagittifolia and its update, we consulted original descriptions, catalogues, and lists of synonyms.
Results: Some topics from Martínez Crovetto´s scientific output were highlighted: uses of native and exotic species, contributions to the flora of Tandilia (Buenos Aires province), teratology, early contributions to topics of agricultural importance, phytosociology and phytogeography, invasive species, and taxonomic studies. The taxonomic history of Wilbrandia sagittifolia has been updated to the present day.
Conclusions: Martínez Crovetto´s contributions to various fields and topics within botany are remarkable, including in the Cucurbitaceae family
Effect of dietary starch concentration and fish oil supplementation on milk yield and composition, diet digestibility, and methane emissions in lactating dairy cows
No full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. The experiment was conducted as a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentra- tions of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/ starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). The diets contained the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays). The starch concentration was balanced using different pro- portions of corn meal and soybean hulls. The cows were housed in metabolic stalls inside open-circuit respira- tion chambers to allow measurement of CH4 emission and the collection of separate urine and feces. No differences among treatments were observed for DM intake. We observed a trend for FO to increase milk yield: 29.2 and 27.5 kg/d, on average, for diets with and without FO, respectively. Milk fat was affected by the interaction between dietary starch and FO: milk fat decreased only in the HSO diet. Energy-corrected milk (ECM) was affected by the interaction between starch and FO, with a positive effect of FO on the LS diet. Fish oil supplementation decreased the n-6:n-3 ratio of milk polyunsaturated fatty acids. High-starch diets negatively influenced all digestibility parameters measured except starch, whereas FO improved neutral detergent fiber digestibility (41.9 vs. 46.1% for diets without and with FO, respectively, and ether extract digestibility (53.7 vs. 67.1% for diets without and with FO, respectively). We observed a trend for lower CH4 emission (g/d) and intensity (g/kg of milk) with the high-starch diets compared with the low-starch diets: 396 versus 415 g/d on average, respectively, and 14.1 versus 14.9 g/kg of milk, respectively. Methane intensi- ty per kilogram of ECM was affected by the interaction between starch and FO, with a positive effect of FO for the LS diet: 14.5 versus 13.3 g of CH4/kg of ECM for LS and LSO diets, respectively
Animal board invited review - Beef for future: technologies for a sustainable and profitable beef industry
No full textThe global consumption, notably in developing countries, and production of beef are increasing continuously, and this requires the industry to improve performance and to reduce the environmental impact of the production chain. Since the improvement in efficiency and the highest impacts occur at farm level, it is appropriate to focus on the profitability and environmental sustainability of these enterprises. In many areas of the world, beef production is economically and socially relevant because it accounts for a significant portion of the agricultural production and represents a vital economic activity in mountain and hill districts of many regions, where few alternatives for other agricultural production exist. Due to the important role in the agricultural and food economy worldwide, the future of the beef industry is linked to the reduction of ecological impacts, mainly adopting the agroecological mitigation practices, and the simultaneous improvement of production performances and of product quality. This review analyses the technical and managerial solutions currently available to increase the efficiency of the beef industry and, at the same time, to reduce its environmental impacts in response to the growing concerns and awareness of citizens and consumers. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Animal Consortium. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Prestazioni produttive ed emissioni ammoniacali in suini alimentati conformemente ai disciplinari di consorzi di produzione del prosciutto D.O.P.
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Looking for high-production and sustainable diets for lactating cows : A survey in Italy
No full textThe aim of the present study was to evaluate, through a survey conducted on commercial farms, the global warming potential (GWP) of different lactating cow total mixed rations (TMR) and to identify the best dietary strategies to increase feed efficiency (FE) and reduce enteric CH4 emission. A total of 171 dairy herds were selected: data about dry matter intake (DMI), lactating cow TMR composition, and milk production and composition were provided by farmers. Diet GWP (kg of CO2 equivalents; CO2eq) was calculated as sum of GWP (kg of CO2eq) of each included ingredient, considering inputs needed at field level, feed processing, and transport. For soybean solvent meal, land use change was included in the assessment. Enteric methane production (g/d) was estimated [using the equation CH4 (g/d) = 2.54 + 19.14 × DMI] to calculate CH4 emission for kilograms of fat- and protein-corrected milk (FPCM). The data set was analyzed by generalized linear model and logistic analysis using SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). The frequency distribution showed wide variation among farms for GWP (kg of CO2eq) of TMR: approximately 25% of the surveyed farms showed a diet GWP of 15 kg of CO2eq, 20% showed a GWP of 13 kg of CO2eq, and 16.7% showed a GWP of 17 kg of CO2eq. The variation among farms was due to the feedstuffs used. Among feedstuffs, soybean meal (SBM) had the highest correlation with the GWP of the TMR as shown by the following equation: TMR GWP (kg of CO2eq) = 2.49 × kg of SBM + 6.9 (R2 = 0.547). Moreover, diets with inclusion of SBM >15% of dry matter (DM) did not result in higher milk production than diets with a lower inclusion of SBM (≤15%). Average daily milk production of cows was 29.8 [standard deviation (SD) 4.83] kg with fat and protein contents of 3.86% (SD 0.22) and 3.40% (SD 0.14), respectively. The average DMI (kg/d) of lactating cows was 22.3 (SD 2.23). Logistic analysis demonstrated that corn silage ≤30% of diet DM was associated with higher FE. Almost 50% of farms had an average value of 15.0 g of CH4/kg of FPCM and about 30% of farms had an average of 12.5 g of CH4/kg of FPCM. The results demonstrated that lower enteric CH4 production was related to inclusion (% of diet DM) of ≤12% alfalfa hay and >30% corn silage. Diets with >34% neutral detergent fiber had higher CH4 production (>14.0 g/kg of FPCM) than those with lower neutral detergent fiber content. In contrast, lower enteric CH4 production (≤14.0 g/kg of FPCM) was related to diets characterized by net energy of lactation (NEL) >1.61 Mcal/kg and >4% ether extract. The variability in TMR GWP shows significant potential for reducing the GWP of a diet through choice and inclusion levels of ingredients (mainly SBM) and the possibility of decreasing methane enteric emission associated with milk production on a commercial scale
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