494 research outputs found
“Segno palpebrale inferiore di Balacco Carlesimo nelle sclerodermie”
No full textGli autori rilevano la presenza bilaterale del segno di Balacco-Carlesimo nella sclerodermia. Tale segno consiste nel difficoltoso pinzettamento palpebrale inferiore: segno di Balacco-Carlesimo relativo. Rilevano, inoltre, casi di impossibilità totale al pinzettamento della palpebra inferiore: segno di Balacco-Carlesimo assoluto
White matter changes in patients with hypoxic amnesia
No full textDi Paola M, Moscatelli A, Bigler ED, Caltagirone C, Carlesimo GA. White matter changes in patients with hypoxic amnesia. Neurocase. 2011;17(1):46-56
Perceptual and conceptual priming in amnesic and alcoholic patients
No full textThis study investigated the contribution of perceptual and conceptual processes to the repetition priming effect, and evaluated alternative theoretical positions about repetition priming in amnesic patients. Toward this end, we administered three repetition priming tasks (Stem Completion, Word Identification and Free Association) and an explicit memory task (yes/no Recognition) to amnesic and alcoholic patients, and tested the sensitivity of these tasks to level of processing and to manipulations of presentation modality. Experiment 1 demonstrated that the level of priming in Stem Completion and Free Association (but not in Word Identification) was enhanced by semantic elaboration of the stimuli. Experiment 2 revealed that the magnitude of priming in Word Identification and Stem Completion (but not in Free Association) was larger in the intramodal then in the intermodal condition. Amnesic patients displayed normal perceptual as well conceptual priming. Possible interpretations of these results according to theoretical models that distinguish memory tasks along an explicit-implicit dichotomy (multiple memory system theory), or on the basis of the extent to which they depend upon perceptual or conceptual processing (transfer-appropriate procedures approach), or that assumes a possible contamination of priming performance by explicit strategies of retrieval are discussed
Memory disorders in patients with cerebral tumors
No full textIn patients with cerebral tumors, deficits in declarative episodic memory typically result from damage to structures of the Papez circuit. These deficits can arise directly from the action of the tumor mass or indirectly from the surgical intervention. Memory deficits are also frequently seen in patients who show no direct involvement of the Papez circuit. In these patients, the memory impairment probably results from disruption of frontal lobe functioning (caused by localization of the tumor at this level or disconnection from subcortical afferents). Here, I review the neuropsychological tools used to differentiate amnesic syndromes resulting from lack of consolidation of new memory traces (as a consequence of damage to the Papez circuit) from amnesias resulting from reduced efficiency of elaborative encoding and/or strategic retrieval processes (as a consequence of frontal lobe damage). The clinical and rehabilitative implications of this distinction are briefly discussed
Short-term memory deficits are not uniform in Down and Williams syndromes
No full textNeuropsychological investigation of the development of the mnesic function in mental retardation has primarily focused on evaluating short-term memory (STM). Studies have often documented a reduced verbal short-term memory span in individuals with mental retardation and with Down syndrome in particular, compared to groups of mental age-matched controls. However, recent evidence suggests that verbal short-term memory is not equally impaired in all individuals with mental retardation. Findings in children with Williams syndrome are particularly relevant in this regard. Also, data concerning STM for visual information suggest that visual-object and visual-spatial working memory may be differently compromised in people with mental retardation. In particular, individuals with Williams syndrome exhibit specific difficulties in visual-spatial but not in visual-object working memory tasks compared to typically-developing children matched for mental age. Instead, people with Down syndrome show reduced performance in both visual-spatial and visual-object tests. Taken together, these results reinforce the view that intellectual disability is not a unitary condition characterized by homogeneous slowness of cognitive development but a variety of conditions in which some cognitive functions may be more disrupted than others. The finding that the working memory deficit in individuals with Williams and Down syndrome may be qualitatively differentiated also supports the hypothesis that it is not simply a manifestation of general cognitive impairment but, rather, the expression of a specific deficit of a discrete cognitive ability
Selective deficit of time perception in a patient with right prefrontal cortex lesion
No full textThe neural systems underlying subjective perception of time are of
increasing interest for neuroscientists. Previous studies in humans and in animals have documented a role of the cerebellum
and basal ganglia as an internal clock of discrete temporal units.1,2
Recent data from focal lesion investigations have suggested that
the frontal and the parietal lobes also are critical for time perception, especially for their role in attention and in maintaining the
representation of subjective time in the working memory.3,4 Neuropsychological and functional imaging studies have supported
the importance of the prefrontal cortex in the perception and in
the comparison of time intervals.5
We describe the case of a patient who had a selective impairment in the perception of events’ duratio
Components in the visual processing of known and unknown faces
No full textThis study investigated the neural basis and cognitive mechanisms of disorders affecting the visual processing of human faces. Two patients affected by prosopagnosia (PA), 45 unilateral brain-damaged patients not previously selected for gnosic disturbance, and 52 normal subjects were administered three tasks involving visual matching of unfamiliar faces, identification of famous faces, and age attribution to unknown faces. Results confirmed that the right hemisphere (and particularly the posterior region) is critical for all of the main aspects of facial processing. Neuroradiological and PET examination in both PA patients revealed a lesion in the territory of the right posterior cerebral artery (infero-mesial areas of temporal and occipital lobes). Moreover, group comparisons showed that patients affected by a right posterior lesion obtained the worst scores on all tasks of our battery. Both group comparisons and single-case analyses pointed out that a deficient recognition of familiar faces is generally independent of perceptual disorders and, as such, should be considered mnestic in nature. Disorders in the age attribution, on the contrary, appear to be strictly associated with deficits in the perceptual analysis of unfamiliar faces
“Studio clinico di confronto tra fluocinolone acetonide cerotto (8μg/cm) e betametasone valerato pomata allo 0,1% in dermatologia”.
No full textThe contribution of neurodegenerative diseases to the modelling of semantic memory: A new proposal and a review of the literature
No full textThis paper provides a focused review of the literature on semantic impairment in semantic dementia (SD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). An attempt is made to interpret the most relevant phenomena in the light of a new model of semantic memory. This model comprises a language-based component (disrupted in SD and AD), which supports our ability to establish reliable token vs. type relationships in the service of propositional thinking, and a philogenetically older sensorimotor component, which is needed to categorize our environment in a more implicit way. Extant neuropsychological models of semantic memory are also reviewed and compared with the new model in terms of their ability to explain the observed phenomena and to deal with the problem of establishing token vs. type relationships starting from inconsistent cross modal input representations and arbitrary category boundaries
- …
