41 research outputs found
The use of complex fertilizers in seed production of winter wheat varieties
Get PDFThe current paper has presented the results of the estimation of productivity of the winter wheat varieties ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Polina’ and ‘Yubiley Dona’ when using liquid complex fertilizers ‘Strada N + Mono Sulfur (S)’, ‘Strada P + Mono Sulfur (S)’ and ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’. The treatment of winter wheat plants was carried out in the form of foliar top-dressings in the stages of tillering and stem extension. The study was carried out on the basis of the FSBSI “Agri- cultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2019-2020. The trials were laid in the crop rotation of the laboratory for primary seed production and seed study. The purpose was to study the effect of liquid complex fertilizers on the productivity of the studied winter wheat varieties. When using fertilizers for all varieties, there was a tendency to an increase in the density of the productive stand on 18-61 pcs/m2 in comparison with the control. The variety ‘Krasa Dona’ showed the best indicators of the traits ‘number of grains per head’, ‘grain weight per head’ and ‘1000 grain weight’ being fertilized with ‘Strada N + S’ (43 pcs., 2.19 g and 45.7 g) and ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’ (46 pcs., 2.30 g and 46.5 g). The variety ‘Polina’ showed good results after being treated with ‘Strada P + S’ (48 pcs., 2.30 g and 42.1 g) and ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’ (51 pcs., 2.43 g and 42.4 g). The variety ‘Yubiley Dona’ showed the greatest increase of the trait ‘number of grains’ with the fertilizer ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’. The trait ‘1000 grains weight’ had an increase of 2.3 g, and ‘grain weight per head’ was 0.29 g. The treatment with fertilizers did not affect the trait ‘plant height’. The highest productivity of the variety ‘Krasa Dona’ was obtained when being fertilized with ‘Strada N + S’ (9.4 t / ha) and ‘Diforma Silicon-potassium’ (9.5 t/ha); the productivity of the variety ‘Polina’ increased after ‘Strada P + S’ (8.8 t/ha) and ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’ (9.1 t/ha), and the productivity of the variety ‘Yubiley Dona’ increased after ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’ (8.9 t/ha). The maximum economic effect (19080 rubles/ha) with 9.5 t/ha of productivity was obtained from the variety ‘Krasa Dona’ after the treatment with the fertilizer ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’. The experimental results have shown that the use of complex fertilizers has a positive effect on the productivity of winter wheat plants
Standardizing a Questionnaire of Metacognitive Resources of Human Behavior Regulation in Difficult Circumstances
Get PDFModern psychology focuses on personal resources that help to overcome difficult circumstances accompanied by anxiety and stress. However, psychological diagnosis in this sphere remains understudied. The present research was an attempt to standardize a questionnaire of metacognitive regulation of human behavior in difficult circumstances. The study involved 559 participants from Tomsk (24.8% men, average age – 22.1). The exploratory factor analysis identified four factors (45.6% variance): self-control of behavior (six items, Cronbach’s alpha, α = 0.780; composite reliability = 0.863); anxiety control (four items, α = 0.823; composite reliability = 0.866); memory efficiency (three items, α = 0.817; composite reliability = 0.832); intuitive cognition of people (four items, α = 0.709; composite reliability = 0.757). Confirmation factor analysis showed high values of the model fitness indices: RMSEA = 0.044; SRMR = 0.059; CFI = 0.991; GFI = 0.986. The scales of the new questionnaire demonstrated the required external convergent validity and were found consistent with similar constructs. The study involved the following methods: D. V. Lyusin’s Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire; Subjective Risk Intelligence Scale developed by G. Craparo et al. and adapted by T. V. Kornilova and E. M. Pavlova, E. Yu. Mandrikova’s Activity Self-Organization Questionnaire, C. D. Spielberger’s Anxiety Test adapted by V. N. Karandashev, C. D. Spielberger’s Questionnaire of Personal Anxiety adapted by Yu. L. Khanin, and the Academic Motivation Scale developed by T. O. Gordeeva, O. A. Sychev, and E. N. Osin. The following scales demonstrated a good discriminative ability associated with statistically significant gender differences: self-control of behavior (p = 0.002); anxiety control (p < 0.001), and memory efficiency (p < 0.001). The questionnaire proved to be an efficient tool of studying human resources related to overcoming difficult circumstances
Seed production and variety changing periods of spring barley in the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”
Get PDFThe current paper has presented the stages of variety changing and the results of four-year study (2016-2019) of spring barley varieties bred in different years by the farmers of the Center. The area occupied by spring barley in the Rostov region in 2016-2019 ranged from 315.12 to 406.41 thousand hectares, which was from 6.7 to 8.9% of the total arable land. The average productivity in the region for all the years studied was 2.3 t/ha, varying from year to year from 1.7 t/ha in the dry 2018 year to 2.8 t/ha in the most favorable 2017 year. The 2018 year was unfavorable in terms of climatic conditions, where the area under spring barley was almost 354 thousand hectares, and the gross yield was 601.8 thousand tons. The purpose of the work was to consider the periods of spring barley variety changing in primary seed production. The study was carried out on blackearth (chernozem) soils of the southern zone of the Rostov region at the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The varieties were sown in the spring at the time optimal for spring crops. The maximum productivity of many spring barley varieties in breeding plots exceeded 5.0 t/ha. In 2016-2019 in seed plots, there were sown such spring barley varieties as “Gris”, “Ratnik”, “Leon”, “Schedry”. The year of 2018 was unfavorable for these varieties, both in scientific departments and among agricultural producers in the Rostov region. The variety “Schedry” showed the lowest productivity (4.8 t/ha and 3.9 t/ha) and 1000 grain weight (45.0 g and 42.2 g) in both PIP-2 and OS-1. In the favorable year of 2017, the variety “Gris” showed the best results, namely 8.0 t/ha of productivity and 50.6 g of 1000 grain weight. The variety “Gris” was characterized with a stable high 1000 grain weight (on average 50 g) through all years. In different years the varieties “Ratnik” and “Leon” produced the best yields
The features of primary seed production of winter bread wheat
Get PDFThe current paper has presented the features of primary seed production of winter bread wheat in the Rostov region and highlighted the main methods of varietal renewal, which make it possible to obtain high-quality seed material with strict preservation of their purity, biological and productive traits, in the amounts that meet the needs of the farms. The purpose of the research was to organize primary seed production of new and commercial varieties of winter bread wheat, which allows maintaining varietal purity and providing the required number of seeds of higher reproductions. There have been conducted the field trials to identify the best indicators of seed productivity, varietal and sowing qualities in the primary links of seed production. Seed production is based on individual-family selection with a two-year assessment of the progeny. The main percentage of variety rejection in the laboratory conditions was made according to such indicators as 1000 seed weight, family productivity, uniformity and plump condition of kernels within the family. In PIP-1 the rejection among the varieties ‘Volnitsa', ‘Volny Don', ‘Zhavoronok', ‘Polina', ‘Ambar', ‘Donskaya Stepp', ‘Yubiley Dona' was carried out for all indicators from 16 to 32%. The variety ‘Zhavoronok' was found the best according to the indicators and its rejection rate was 7%. In PIP-2 over the years of variety trials, the studied varieties of winter bread wheat were rejected in the field for all indicators from 2 to 7%. In the laboratory conditions, the rejection rate was slightly different and ranged from 1 to 8%. The highest seed productivity was formed by the varieties ‘Zernogradka 11' (11.2 t/ha), ‘Ermak' (10.8 t/ha), ‘Marafon' (11.5 t/ha) and ‘Krasa Dona' (11.5 t/ha). The percentage of seed productivity of the studied varieties varied from 67.4% to 93.3%. The maximum 1000 seed weight was identified in the varieties ‘Krasa Dona' (52.7 g), ‘Volny Don' (49.8 g), ‘Volnitsa' (49.1 g). The indicators of the main varietal and sowing qualities of winter wheat seeds corresponded to GOST R 52325-2005
Injury of winter soft wheat seeds as an indicator of reducing its sowing traits
Get PDFPresent Russian agriculture tends to increase grain production not only due to increased productivity, but also by improving the quality of seed material. Due to the large number of injured grains in the total amount, their sowing qualities deteriorate, and the future yield decreases. The purpose of the current study is to identify the degree of the effect of seed injury on their sowing qualities. The objects of the research were the winter soft wheat varieties “Aksiniya” and “Lydia” developed in the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. It has been established that it is impossible to obtain high-quality seeds without reducing grain injury during harvesting and post-harvesting processing. Seeds with a damaged hull and partly an embryo can germinate under laboratory conditions. In our trials, laboratory germination of the variety “Aksiniya” ranged from 92 to 99%, and that of the variety “Lydia” varied from 95 to 99%. The field germination rate of injured seeds is much lower than laboratory germination and it was 81 to 92% for the variety “Aksiniya”, and 92% for the variety “Lydia”. This is due to the fact that soil microflora has a negative effect on injured seeds. Seed processing increased a number of injured seeds from 11 to 17% of the total injury after a combine threshing, which resulted in a decrease of the number of sprouts and their dry weight for the variety “Aksiniya” by 7 pieces and 0.13 g; for the variety “Lydia” by 8 pieces and 0.1 g, respectively. The study of the injured seeds of winter soft wheat revealed that sprouts from injured seeds lag behind not only in growth and development, but also form a smaller weight of sprouts compared to the weight of sprouts grown from non-injured seeds. It was established that harvesting equipment injures from 11 to 39% of seeds, and the share of grain processing equipment accounts for 11–17% of injured seeds
Productivity and sowing qualities of spring barley seeds when using biostimulants in the primary seed production
Get PDFThe current paper has presented the study results of 2017–2019 on estimating the indices of productivity and sowing seed qualities of the spring barley varieties ‘Gris’ and ‘Leon’. Ther was conducted pre-sowing treatment of seed material, depending on the fractional composition of grain and plants during the growing season. There were used the growth biostimulants based on algae Ruter and Stimax Start in the conditions of the southern part of the Rostov region. There has been found out that seed and plant treatment with biostimulants had an effect on the sowing qualities and yield properties of seeds. There has been established that the seeds isolated on sieves with a hole diameter of 2.4 × 20 mm, when using the biological product Ruter, had the highest germination energy (93–94%) and laboratory germination (97%), as well as the highest yield in the studied spring barley varieties ‘Gris’ (8.8 t/ha) and ‘Leon’ (8.3 t/ha). The largest grain size was obtained from the 2.4 × 20 fraction using the biological product Ruter (the variety ‘Leon’ produced 43.1 g and the variety ‘Gris’ produced 50.1 g). The maximum seed yield in the studied varieties after treatment (86.4 and 90.1%, respectively) was also identified in the 2.4 × 20 mm fraction when using the biostimulator Ruter. On the control without biostimulants, the seed yield of the variety ‘Leon’ in the 2.4 × 20 fraction was 80.3%, and that of the variety ‘Gris’ was 81.4%. There has been shown an economic efficiency of the biological products depending on the fraction of sowing material in the cultivation technology of spring barley. The largest productivity increase (the variety ‘Leon’ 1.2 t/ha (2.4 × 20 mm fraction) and ‘Gris’ 0.9 t/ha (2.2 × 20 mm fraction)) was obtained in the variants when using the bioproduct Ruter with the maximum (195.8%) profitability of the variety ‘Gris’. The results of the trials have shown that the use of biostimulants based on algae in general had a positive effect on the development of spring barley varieties and the production of high-quality seed material in the Rostov region
Response of spring barley variety ‘Leon’ on the growth regulators used together with the seed disinfectants
No full textThe modern technologies of barley growing include grain disinfection as the primary agro method, as sowing quality of seeds greatly influences on the formation of high and stable yields. The article considers the effect of tank mixtures of the disinfectant ‘Vintsit Forte’ with the growth stimulators ‘Fertingrein Start’ and ‘Melafen’ on the elements of structure and productivity of the spring barley variety ‘Leon’. The use of tank mixture of the fungicide ‘Vintsit Forte’ with these growth stimulators has a positive effect on such elements of yield structure as productive tillering and productive plant stand (density) that greatly increases the crop productivity. The tank mixture of the disinfectant ‘Vintsit Forte’ with the growth stimulators ‘Fertingrein Start’ and ‘Melafen’ gave the largest increase of spring barley productivity due to the strengthening of the processes of growth and formation. The use of ‘Fertingrein Start’ and ‘Melafen’ increased the productivity of the crop on 1.4 t/ha (42.4%) and 1.1 t/ha (33.4%) respectively. The seeds disinfected with the mixture ‘Vintsit Forte’+‘Fertingrein Start’ showed the greatest indexes of all qualitative traits (length of head, number of grains per spikelet, weight of head, number of spikelets per head). The economic efficiency of presowing treatment of seeds has been studied as well. The seed treatment with the tank mixture of the growth stimulators ‘Fertingrein Start’ (88.9%) and ‘Melafen’ (76.9%) provided the highest profitability of spring barley production. The results of the study can be recommended to the farmers growing spring barley in the Rostov region
Grain loss during winter wheat harvesting (review)
Get PDFGrain loss during winter wheat harvesting (review) Harvesting is an important stage of grain production. It’s necessary to harvest grain crops with a minimum loss and better quality, with a minimum technical and after-harvesting energy costs. Biological direct losses include grain fall from heads, or even the breaking off of the heads, the germination of grain on the root or in the rolls, and finally decrease of the yield from various pests during the harvesting period. The source of biological losses of grain is the harvesting period, including the beginning and duration of harvesting. Mechanical direct losses are losses by roller cutters and pick-ups during a separate harvesting of wheat and losses caused by harvesters (at direct combining). Mechanical losses are the result of grain fall from the head, breaking off the head, leaving non-harvested heads on the field. Winds and rains accelerate the grain fall from the head and sprouting it on the root. Classification of the causes of losses and mechanical damage of grain during combine harvesting show, that all factors are connected with each other. Biological and mechanical direct losses can be equal; one kind of loss can prevail. The grain fall of a variety is a genetically determined complex feature, which depends on the abiotic factors of the environment. That is, the fall of grain directly depends on the weather conditions and varietal characteristics of the head. The grain fall depends on external conditions (air dryness, humidity, etc.) and does not always characterize the resistance of the variety to shedding. This all makes essential to study the dynamics of the formation of traits of resistance to grain fall in varieties of winter soft wheat of different maturing groups and species
The analysis of dynamics of winter barley sown area and productivity in the Russian Federation
Get PDFThe article presents the main biologic and economic advantages of winter barley, shows the main directions of its use in the industrial processing. The article informs about the dynamics of the sown area and productivity of winter barley in Russia, their distribution through Federal Districts. There has been established that the North-Caucasus and Southern Federal Districts are the main winter barley producers with 153.6–245.6 thousand hectares and 131.2–28.7 thousand hectares respectively. The use of great number of seeds of mass reproduction together with low sowing traits significantly reduces productivity and qualitative characteristics of the obtained products. The article gives the analysis of winter barley seed-growing from 2012 to 2017. There has been analyzed data on the amount of original sown (OS-1.2), basic (BS) and reproductive seeds (RS1, RS2, RS3). There has been determined a tendency to an increase in the volume of sown seeds of winter barley in the total area from 54.3 thousand hwt in 2013 up to 74.1 thousand hwt in 2016. The largest amount of sown seeds of the basic seeds (14.1 thousand hwt) took place in 2015, the smallest one (6.3 thousand hwt) occurred in 2017. It was found that the number of reproductive seeds remains high and ranges from 78.8 to 88.5% with an annual reduction in volumes in absolute terms. In this regard, there is a periodical need to update the seeds of the used winter barley varieties. In order to stabilize the winter barley productivity, it is necessary to sow the seeds of varieties recommended for sowing in the Rostov region by the State Commission for Variety Testing
STATE OF SEED-GROWING AND VARIETY CONTENT OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE ROSTOV REGION
Get PDFDuring a long reproduction any variety tends to decrease its economic-biological traits and properties, which it initially possesses. The reasons for this are different diseases, especially infectious, mechanical and biological littering, which results in decreasing of productivity and grain quality of winter wheat. To overcome it we have to carry out a variety upgrade (renewal), e.i. replacement of the low productive seeds with highly productive ones possessing good sowing features. In the Rostov region winter wheat is one of the basic grain crops. During last 14 years its area varied from 813,1 (in 2000) till 2096,5 thousand ha (in 2014). The maximum productivity was 36,7 c/ha in 2004. The work gives the average data about the amount of sown original, basic and reproductive seeds of winter wheat in the Rostov region during 2012-2014 years. 38.300 tons of original and basic seeds of winter wheat were sown in 2012, 26.500 t in 2013 and 37.700 t in 2014. Nevertheless, we should note the fact that the most part of the area was sown with the seeds of 1-4 reproduction. We have been analyzing the variety content of winter wheat in different parts of the Rostov region. The main breeding institutions-originators which produce winter wheat varieties for the Rostov region in 2014 are ARRIGC (38,4%), DRIA (28,6%) and KRIA (27,8%), the seeds of which were sown on 94,8% of the area. The varieties of SRIA and SSI occupied 4,6% of the area, the rest (0,6%) belonged to the cultivars of the other institutions
