23,870 research outputs found
NADPH oxidase (NOX) in the heart : the interplay of NOX-derived ROS in β1-integrin-induced survival signalling
No full textModerate levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as mediators in cellular signalling processes. An important source of cardiac ROS is the highly expressed NADPH oxidase (NOX) family isoform NOX2. However, little is known about whether NOX-derived ROS are protective in the heart.
In this study we show that CD29 (β1-integrin), a cell adhesion receptor highly expressed on cardiac muscle cells, induces NOX-dependent ROS. CD29 is known to be mandatory in cell growth and survival, and non-functional CD29 causes severe heart disease. We demonstrate that NOX2-derived ROS are essential for CD29-induced survival signalling, including the PI3K/PKB and MEK/ERK pathways. Furthermore, CD29-induced NOX-derived ROS are indispensible in the inhibition of the pro-apoptotic kinase GSK-3β, which we uncovered as a downstream target of both the ERK and PKB survival pathways in cardiac muscle cells. These findings clearly add to the growing body of evidence suggesting that moderate ROS levels are beneficial to the cell and highlight the crucial role of NOX2-derived ROS for cell survival in the heart
ROS-Industrial. Technologies, Trends, Applications
No full textEstablished already in robotics research, the open source "Robot Operation System (ROS)" ist getting more and more interesting for industrial applications. ROS offers a multitude of intelligent software components, e. g. for 2D-vision and 3D-point cloud sensor processing, as well as robot motion planning. Transferring these capabilities to industrial platforms could revolutionize robotic manufacturing applications. ROS-Industrial will enable more and more flexible automation solutions with exchangable components, that are able to cope with dynamic enviroments and a large diversity of objects to be handled. Although ROS bears a huge potential, there are still some draw backs on comparison to established proprietary industrial software: little longterm evaluations of ROS on shop floors with respect to non-functional requirements like robustness, safety and dependability, no guaranteed support. The ROS-Industrial initiative founded in 2012 aims at eliminating these draw backs and tap the full potential of ROS for industrial robotics. In this conference organized by Fraunhofer IPA, current trends, technologies and experiences from industrial use cases within the European ROS-Industrial community are presented
G-003M reduces lethal radiation induced ROS level in mice intestinal epithelial cells (IEC).
No full text(A) Flow cytometry histogram showing changes in the ROS levels of IEC in mice (n = 3) that were left untreated (U/t), given G-003M without 9Gy radiation (G-003M), or exposed to 9 Gy TBI 60 min after injection of DMSO (9 Gy) or G-003M (G-003M+9 Gy). Bar diagram showing % change in intracellular ROS production at different time intervals post irradiation compared to untreated mice and in different treatment groups is also shown. (B) Fluorescent microscope (magnification; 40X) imaging of ROS levels in IEC was observed in mice injected with G-003M or DMSO 60 min before 9 Gy TBI. The ROS levels were measured in IEC after 1 hr of treatment by staining with 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) dye. All the figures are representative of three independent experiments and expressed as mean± SD. A value of p<0.05 is considered statistically significant. ns = nonsignificant, * = p < 0.05, ** = p < 0.01, *** = p < 0.001.</p
Leveraging the ROS–TME Axis for Cancer Treatment
No full textThe discovery of reactive oxygen species (ROS) dates back to the early 20th century [...
Alpha-Tocopherol Significantly Improved Squalene Production Yield of Aurantiochytrium sp. TWZ-97 through Lowering ROS levels and Up-Regulating Key Genes of Central Carbon Metabolism Pathways
No full textMedia supplementation has proven to be an effective technique for improving byproduct yield during microbial fermentation. This study explored the impact of different concentrations of bioactive compounds, namely alpha-tocopherol, mannitol, melatonin, sesamol, ascorbic acid, and biotin, on the Aurantiochytrium sp. TWZ-97 culture. Our investigation revealed that alpha-tocopherol was the most effective compound in reducing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) burden, both directly and indirectly. Adding 0.7 g/L of alpha-tocopherol led to an 18% improvement in biomass, from 6.29 g/L to 7.42 g/L. Moreover, the squalene concentration increased from 129.8 mg/L to 240.2 mg/L, indicating an 85% improvement, while the squalene yield increased by 63.2%, from 19.82 mg/g to 32.4 mg/g. Additionally, our comparative transcriptomics analysis suggested that several genes involved in glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, TCA cycle, and MVA pathway were overexpressed following alpha-tocopherol supplementation. The alpha-tocopherol supplementation also lowered ROS levels by binding directly to ROS generated in the fermentation medium and indirectly by stimulating genes that encode antioxidative enzymes, thereby decreasing the ROS burden. Our findings suggest that alpha-tocopherol supplementation can be an effective method for improving squalene production in Aurantiochytrium sp. TWZ-97 culture
Towards an open-source social middleware for humanoid robots
No full text09.12.13 KB. Ok to add author version to spiral.Recent examples of robotics middleware including YARP, ROS, and NaoQi, have greatly enhanced the standardisation, interoperability and rapid development of robotics application software. In this paper, we present our research towards an open source middleware to support the development of social robotic applications. In the core of the ability of a robot to interact socially are algorithms to perceive the actions and intentions of a human user. We attempt to provide a computational layer to standardise these algorithms utilising a bioinspired computational architecture known as HAMMER (Hierarchical Attentive Multiple Models for Execution and Recognition) and demonstrate the deployment of such layer on two different humanoid platforms, the Nao and iCub robots. We use a dance interaction scenario to demonstrate the utility of the framework
Antioxidant ascorbic acid modulates nlrp3 inflammasome in lps-g treated oral stem cells through nfκb/caspase-1/il-1β pathway
No full textHuman gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) and endothelial committed hGMSCs (e-hGMSCs) have considerable potential to serve as an in vitro model to replicate the inflammation sustained by Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontal and cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ascorbic acid (AA) on the inflammatory reverting action of lipopolysaccharide (LPS-G) on the cell metabolic activity, inflammation pathway and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in hGMSCs and e-hGMSCs. Cells were treated with LPS-G (5 μg mL−1 ) or AA (50 μg mL−1 ) and analyzed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay, immunofluorescence and Western blot methods. The rate of cell metabolic activity was decreased significantly in LPS-G-treated groups, while groups co-treated with LPS-G and AA showed a logarithmic cell metabolic activity rate similar to untreated cells. AA treatment attenuated the inflammatory effect of LPS-G by reducing the expression of TLR4/MyD88/NFκB/NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β, as demonstrated by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence acquisition. LPS-G-induced cells displayed an increase in ROS production, while AA co-treated cells showed a protective effect. In summary, our work suggests that AA attenuated LPS-G-mediated inflammation and ROS generation in hGMSCs and e-hGMSCs via suppressing the NFκB/Caspase-1/IL-1β pathway. These findings indicate that AA may be considered as a potential factor involved in the modulation of the inflammatory pathway triggered by LPS-G in an vitro cellular model
Farm to Fork: impatti possibili in aziende melicole trentine
No full textSono stati ipotizzati 4 scenari di applicazione della F2F. Lo scenario 4 (scenari 1 + 2, ossia minor ricorso a insetticidi e fertilizzanti di sintesi, più almeno il 10% della superficie agricola a strutture ecologiche) evidenzia nell’azienda integrata una perdita di resa di circa il 23,8% (457 q/ha anziché 600) e in termini di prezzi si ipotizza una riduzione del 6% per le mele a causa del maggior deprezzamento qualitativ
ROS-Responsive 4D Printable Acrylic Thioether-Based Hydrogels for Smart Drug Release
No full textReactive oxygen species
(ROS) play a key role in several biological
functions like regulating cell survival and signaling; however, their
effect can range from beneficial to nondesirable oxidative stress
when they are overproduced causing inflammation or cancer diseases.
Thus, the design of tailor-made ROS-responsive polymers offers the
possibility of engineering hydrogels for target therapies. In this
work, we developed thioether-based ROS-responsive difunctional monomers
from ethylene glycol/thioether acrylate (EGnSA) with different lengths of the EGn chain (n = 1, 2, 3) by the thiol-Michael
addition click reaction. The presence of acrylate groups allowed their
photopolymerization by UV light, while the thioether groups conferred
ROS-responsive properties. As a result, smart PEGnSA hydrogels were obtained, which could be processed by four-dimensional
(4D) printing. The mechanical properties of the hydrogels were determined
by rheology, pointing out a decrease of the elastic modulus (G′) with the length of the EG segment. To enhance
the stability of the hydrogels after swelling, the EGnSA monomers were copolymerized with a polar monomer,
2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), leading to P[(EGnSA)x-co-HEAy] with improved compatibility in aqueous
media, making it a less brittle material. Swelling properties of the
hydrogels increased in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, a kind of
ROS, reaching values of ≈130% for P[(EG3SA)7-co-HEA93] which confirms the
stimuli-responsive properties. Then, the P[(EG3SA)x-co-HEAy] hydrogels were employed as matrixes for the encapsulation
of a chemotherapeutic drug, 5-fluorouracil (5FU), which showed sustained
release over time modulated by the presence of H2O2. Finally, the effect of the 5-FU release from P[(EG3SA)x-co-HEAy] hydrogels was tested in vitro with
melanoma cancer cells B16F10, pointing out B16F10 growth inhibition
values in the range of 40–60% modulated by the EG3SA percentage and the presence or absence of ROS agents, thus confirming
their excellent ROS-responsive properties for the treatment of localized
pathologies
The Broad Spectrum HDAC Inhibitor PCI-24781 Induces Caspase- and ROS-Dependent Apoptosis and is Synergistic with Bortezomib in Lymphoma
No full textWe investigated the cytotoxicity and biology of the novel broad-spectrum hydroxamic acid-based histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), PCI-24781. PCI-24781 was studied alone and combined with bortezomib in Hodgkin lymphoma (L428) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cell lines (Ramos, HF1, SUDHL4). PCI-24781 induced dose-dependent apoptosis that was associated with prominent G0/G1 arrest, decreased S-phase, increased p21 protein expression, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, PCI-24781-induced apoptosis was shown to be ROS- and caspase-dependent. Combined PCI-24781 and bortezomib exposure resulted in strong synergistic apoptosis in all cell lines (combination indices 0.19-0.6). Furthermore, compared to either agent alone, PCI-24781/bortezomib resulted in increased caspase cleavage, mitochondrial depolarization, and histone hyperacetylation. Microarray analyses showed that PCI-24781 alone significantly downregulated several antioxidant genes, proteasome components, and NF-kappaB pathway genes, effects which were enhanced further with bortezomib. RT-PCR confirmed downregulation of NF-kappaB targets NF-kappaB1 (p105), c-Myc, and IkappaB-kinase subunits, while gel-shift showed decreased NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity. Taken together, these results suggest that increased oxidative stress and NF-kappaB inhibition, leading to caspase activation and apoptosis, are likely responsible for the activity of PCI-24781 as well as the observed synergy with bortezomib. These data indicate that PCI-24781 has potential therapeutic value in lymphoma as a single-agent and combined with bortezomib
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