184 research outputs found
A Global Paradigm Shattered: The Jurisdictional Nihilism of the Supreme Court’s Abduction Decision in Alvarez-Machain
No full textIn the United States v. Alvarez Machain, the United States Supreme Court held that the United States could exercise criminal jurisdiction over a Mexican doctor who was abducted by agents of the American government from his office in Mexico and transported to the United States. As the Court\u27s first international law decision after the end of the cold war, this case set the stage for how it would approach the domestic application of international law in the post cold war era. Despite the importance of the case, the Supreme Court failed to articulate the conceptual understanding of the relationship between the domestic and international orders which led it to disregard international law. Working from the author\u27s own positivist theory of the relationship between the domestic and international realms, he explains why the decision lacks conceptual coherence and offers a structured analysis which leads to the conclusion that the Court should have applied the international law of jurisdiction
Utah Law Review 1993 Number 3
No full textTABLE OF CONTENTS; The Mens Rea Enigma: Observations on the Role of Motive in the Criminal Law Past and Present; The Mysterious Creation of Search and Seizure Exclusionary Rules Under State Constitutions: the Utah Example; United States v. Alvarez-Machain: an Unexpected Ally for Native American Tribal Authority; State b. Johnson and Multiple Factual Theories: A Practitioner\u27s Guide to Interpreting Utah\u27s "Patchwork Verdict" Rules; Utah\u27s Limited Liability Company Act: viable Alternative or Trap for the Unwary?; In re One Hundred Two Thousand Dollars: Cash-Friendly Civil forfeitur
Design and fabrication of a novel bioactive composite scaffold to induce anterior cruciate ligament regeneration
No full textIntroduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are one of the most common sports injuries. The injury entails devastating consequences in a person’s quality of life and leads to an early onset of osteoarthritis (OA). The current treatment of choice is associated with an unacceptable rate of donor-site morbidities due to harvesting a tendon from the already injured limb to use as a graft for the surgical reconstruction, but the alternative conservative treatment is associated with up to 87% development of post-traumatic OA. Although various approaches exist, there is currently no ideal choice of graft that could ensure knee stability and address the joint inflammatory state. Hypothesis: The addition of a biomimetic coating to the only clinically accepted synthetic graft’s material will support ligament resident cells growth and enhance ligament-like extracellular matrix deposition that would contribute to ligament healing. Methods: PET fibres were modified in a two-step process. First, O2 plasma was used to activate the surface. Next, a bioactive coating was added. Biocompatibility tests under physiologically relevant static and dynamic conditions were executed with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and patient-derived ACL cells. Results: PET surface was effectively activated by a 1-min O2 plasma exposure. The 1% chitosan glycidyl methacrylate (CS-g-GMA) / 1% hyaluronic acid (HA) coating of an O2 plasma pre-treated PET fibrous scaffold provided the maximum enhancement of collagen deposition across all the studies conducted. The effect is sustained in the context of strenuous physical activity and is further increased by low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) treatment at a frequency of 1 MHz, a duty cycle (DC) of 50% and an intensity of 0.5 W/cm2. The scaffold proved appropriate for the interaction with a MSC line and patient-derived ACL cells from individuals of different ages and gender. Conclusion: The biocomposite scaffold designed and developed in this thesis combines straightforward methodology, approved materials already in clinical use for different purposes and a favourable response to safe readily available rehabilitation options to improve the outcomes for ligament regeneration
Population Characteristics of Rattus rattus and Mus musculus present in rural communities in Yucatán, México
No full textThe aim of this study was to describe the abundance, weight and body length structures, and reproductive and health status of the black rat Rattus rattus and the house mouse Mus musculus from Yucatán, México. Rodents were trapped from May to September 2016 in rural households in the communities Xkalakdzonot (XKA) and Paraíso (PAR). A total of 236 M. musculus and 127 R. rattus were trapped over 3880 trap-nights. In XKA, R. rattus was more abundant than M. musculus, whereas in PAR, M. musculus was notably dominant over R. rattus. The sex ratio was 1:1 in both rodent species. Rattus rattus in classes 40.1?80 g and 120?139 mm were more abundant, whereas M. musculus in classes 8.1?12 g and 70?79 mm were more abundant. Mus musculus had similar weight, body length and reproductive and health parameters between communities. The majority of specimens of trapped rodents had a good body condition and few individuals had wounds. The information generated in this study is basic for understanding the ecology of commensal rodents, the dynamics of rodent-associated zoonosis transmission, and to design of integrated control programs for rodents.Fil: Panti May, Jesús Alonso. Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan; MéxicoFil: Gurubel González, Yessica M.. Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan; MéxicoFil: Palomo Arjona, Eduardo E.. Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan; MéxicoFil: Cetina Trejo, Rosy C.. Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan; MéxicoFil: Machain Williams, Carlos. Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan; MéxicoFil: Robles, Maria del Rosario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Hernández Betancourt, Silvia F.. Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan; Méxic
LA INTERVENCION COMO ACTO INTERNACIONAL ILICITO.
No full textEn español(A propósito del fallo de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de los Estados Unidos de América Norte 15/6/1992).- Este artículo analiza a la "soberanía" como SUSTRATO AUTONOMICO del Estado y sus diversas concepciones. Se distingue Estados plenamente soberanos y Estados suzeranos y se analizan los denominados "derechos fundamentales de los Estados soberanos". Se estudian los "principios generales del Derecho Internacional Público" o "principia iuris gentium", que aparecen lesionados por la sentencia como el de respeto a la independencia política, respeto al honor, a la supremacía territorial, la abstención del uso de la fuerza en el territorio de otros Estados; el derecho de jurisdicción exclusiva, el de respeto mutuo entre Estados civilizados, el de arreglo pacífico de las controversias y -especificamente- el de "no intervención" en los asuntos internos de otros Estados; todos ellos transgredidos por la sentencia dictada en el caso del súbdito mexicano ALVAREZ MACHAIN. Se distingue entre "intervención" y "no intervención" a la luz de la más reciente doctrina, así como los componentes del ilícito internacional. Se hace un análisis pormenorizado del fallo, con las opiniones mayoritarias y las disidentes. Por último, se expresan las conclusiones del autor, a la luz del derecho y la política internacional.En inglés(Sentence of the United States Supreme Court. 15/6/92). This article analizes "Sovereignty" as an autonomous element of the State as well as its different meanings. A distinction is made between Sovereign States and "suzerans" States by the author, who analises as well the fundamental rights of a sovereign state. Then, general principles of public international law- "Principia iuris Gentium"- are reviewed as they were seriously harmed by the recent sentence in Alvarez Machain Case. Having in mind international doctrine, a distinction is also made between "intervention" and "non- intervention" principles. On the other hand, a very careful analysis of the sentence in Alvarez Machain\u27s Case is made, taking into account not only the majority vote of the Court, but also the minority one. Finally the conclusion is outlined according to International Law and Foreign Policy
Soft-bottom decapod and stomatopod crustaceans of the continental shelf off Jalisco and Colima, Mexico [Crustáceos decápodos y estomatópodos de fondos blandos de la plataforma continental de Jalisco y Colima, México]
No full textA systematic list of decapod and stomatopod crustaceans of the soft bottoms of the continental shelf off Jalisco and Colima, Mexico, is presented. The specimens were obtained as part of an integral study on the biodiversity and fisheries potential of the marine resources of the eastern tropical Pacific region. Eighty-four shrimp trawls were done at seven localities, with four stations within each locality, at 20, 40, 60 and 80 m depth. The sampling schedule was repeated three times during one annual cycle (from May 1995 to March 1996) in order to include seasonal changes of the fauna. A total of 60 species, included in 20 families of decapods and 4 of stomatopods, were identified. This number of species is 13.7% of the total reported for the region between Banderas Bay and Guatemala (457 species). Some zoogeographie and biodiversity aspects are discussed that confirm previous results for the region. The extension of geographic ranges for two species is reported
Soft-bottom decapod and stomatopod crustaceans of the continental shelf off Jalisco and Colima, Mexico [Crustáceos decápodos y estomatópodos de fondos blandos de la plataforma continental de Jalisco y Colima, México]
No full textA systematic list of decapod and stomatopod crustaceans of the soft bottoms of the continental shelf off Jalisco and Colima, Mexico, is presented. The specimens were obtained as part of an integral study on the biodiversity and fisheries potential of the marine resources of the eastern tropical Pacific region. Eighty-four shrimp trawls were done at seven localities, with four stations within each locality, at 20, 40, 60 and 80 m depth. The sampling schedule was repeated three times during one annual cycle (from May 1995 to March 1996) in order to include seasonal changes of the fauna. A total of 60 species, included in 20 families of decapods and 4 of stomatopods, were identified. This number of species is 13.7% of the total reported for the region between Banderas Bay and Guatemala (457 species). Some zoogeographie and biodiversity aspects are discussed that confirm previous results for the region. The extension of geographic ranges for two species is reported
Judicial Integrity: A Call for its Re-Emergence in the Adjudication of Criminal Cases
No full textA court can invalidate or rectify certain kinds of offensive official action on the grounds of judicial integrity. In the past, it has served as a check on overzealous law enforcement agents whose actions so seriously impaired due process principles that they shocked the bench’s conscience. The principle not only preserves the judiciary as a symbol of lawfulness and justice, but it also insulates the courts from becoming aligned with illegal actors and their bad acts. The 1992 case of U.S. v. Alvarez-Machain, however, may have signaled a departure from past practices. This article reviews current Supreme Court cases and finds that judicial integrity is no longer the bulwark it once was for justifying Fourth Amendment exclusionary remedies, sanctioning the Court’s use of supervisory powers, and the application of due process. The author contrasts the current Court’s view on judicial integrity with examples from Australia and New Zealand, where the doctrine has re-emerged and gained force. The author argues that in the United States, the pendulum has swung too far toward neglecting concerns inherent in the principles of judicial integrity and that judicial integrity needs to be restored
Distribution and density of juveniles of Lutjanus peru (Nichols and Murphy, 1922) (Pisces: Lutjanidae) on the coast of Jalisco and Colima, Mexico
No full textThe abundance and bathymetric distribution of juveniles of Lutjanus peru on the continental shelf of Jalisco and Colima, Mexico, were analyzed. Shrimp trawl samples were taken from three expeditions during one year. A total of 641 juveniles of L. peru were caught, ranging in total length from 3.7 to 21.9 cm and in weight from 0.6 to 153 g. The juveniles exhibited an aggregate spatial distribution pattern. Significant differences were observed in the bathymetric distribution of the organisms, since their occurrence was limited to shallow waters between 20 and 40 m depth. Two size classes were identified during the May-June cruise (DEM I) and the March cruise (DEM III), but only one class was found in the November-December cruise (DEM II). According to the growth model known for the species, the two size classes found could be of 1 and 1.5 years, respectively. Significant differences were observed in the individual sizes and weights among sites during DEM I and DEM III, whereas the average sizes and weights of DEM II were homogeneous among sites. The juveniles presented isometric growth in the size ranges analyzed
The intervention as an international tort
No full text(A propósito del fallo de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de los Estados Unidos de América Norte 15/6/1992).- Este artículo analiza a la "soberanía" como SUSTRATO AUTONOMICO del Estado y sus diversas concepciones. Se distingue Estados plenamente soberanos y Estados suzeranos y se analizan los denominados "derechos fundamentales de los Estados soberanos". Se estudian los "principios generales del Derecho Internacional Público" o "principia iuris gentium", que aparecen lesionados por la sentencia como el de respeto a la independencia política, respeto al honor, a la supremacía territorial, la abstención del uso de la fuerza en el territorio de otros Estados; el derecho de jurisdicción exclusiva, el de respeto mutuo entre Estados civilizados, el de arreglo pacífico de las controversias y -especificamente- el de "no intervención" en los asuntos internos de otros Estados; todos ellos transgredidos por la sentencia dictada en el caso del súbdito mexicano ALVAREZ MACHAIN. Se distingue entre "intervención" y "no intervención" a la luz de la más reciente doctrina, así como los componentes del ilícito internacional. Se hace un análisis pormenorizado del fallo, con las opiniones mayoritarias y las disidentes. Por último, se expresan las conclusiones del autor, a la luz del derecho y la política internacional.(Sentence of the United States Supreme Court. 15/6/92). This article analizes "Sovereignty" as an autonomous element of the State as well as its different meanings. A distinction is made between Sovereign States and "suzerans" States by the author, who analises as well the fundamental rights of a sovereign state. Then, general principles of public international law- "Principia iuris Gentium"- are reviewed as they were seriously harmed by the recent sentence in Alvarez Machain Case. Having in mind international doctrine, a distinction is also made between "intervention" and "non- intervention" principles. On the other hand, a very careful analysis of the sentence in Alvarez Machain's Case is made, taking into account not only the majority vote of the Court, but also the minority one. Finally the conclusion is outlined according to International Law and Foreign Policy.Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales (IRI
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