31 research outputs found
The use of digital models in microclimatic studies : First steps in coupling CityGML with ENVI-met
No full textIn recent years, the need to reduce the global warming of the planet has become more imperative than ever. Global warming and, at local scale, Urban Heat Island phenomena are among the primary effects of the increased building carbon emissions. Nevertheless, understanding and controlling the parameters which intensify, or mitigate, the increasing in temperatures in the surroundings of a building are pivotal, as sustainable design can significantly reduce the buildings’ energy demand. Micro-climate simulations can provide more accurate input for building energy simulations since they can accurately simulate the interactions between those parameters to calculate detailed weather data. Despite the increasing knowledge about the significance of the microclimate, energy simulation users still rely on derived, or interpolated weather data from sparsely located weather stations, located generally outside the urban environment. The reason behind this commonly adopted approach is that the generation of microclimate data is costly in terms of time, and currently standards for storing this generated data have not been developed. ENVI-met is a microclimatic simulation software that requires a model of an urban area and weather parameters on its boundaries to generate a large extent of data like air, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed etc. Constructing this model manually contains a number of significant limitations, such as high design cost in time and need for data collection from different sources – thus the chance of design errors is high. In this thesis a novel approach is introduced where the ENVI-met software is used for microclimatic simulations at district scale. However, the input model in this case is created by data extracted from a CityGML-based 3D city model. In addition, the generated microclimatic data is stored back to CityGML, where it can be re-used. The proposed methodology is implemented via a Graphics User Interface, divided in two main phases, serving the required bi-directional data flow. It was designed and implemented based on the following specifications: i) the user involvement in the whole process needs to be minimum, ii) the interface should create simulation-ready input models of various resolutions and iii) it must work with different CityGML datasets.A data requirement analysis indicated that a CityGML-based city model can feed its data to ENVI-met by the interface, so that the input model required by ENVI-met can be constructed fully automatically. In return, the storage of the generated results data is also possible. Therefore, an automated data flow between a CityGML-based city model and ENVI-met can be achieved, offering the following advantages: i) the ENVI-met input model can be constructed fast and automatically and ii) ENVI-met outputs can be translated to real world coordinates – thus can be visualized and processed in GIS software and ultimately stored back into the CityGML-based 3d city model.Geomatic
SPACERGY: 3D City Model of the Floriade District in Almere, the Netherlands
No full textThe dataset contains a digital 3D City model of the Floriade district in Almere, the Netherlands. The digital model is encoded in CityGML standard, and includes different CityGML thematic modules:
Building, Vegetation, Land_Use and Relief (topography).
The model is derived from a masterplan provided by the Urban Design Department, City of Almere in October 2018. The original data included AutoCad plans, a SketchUp model of the buildings, a tree database and a raster image of the topography. The harmonization of the original data was carried out in Safe Software's FME
A worldwide correlation of lactase persistence phenotype and genotypes
No full textBackground: The ability of adult humans to digest the milk sugar lactose - lactase persistence - is a dominant Mendelian trait that has been a subject of extensive genetic, medical and evolutionary research. Lactase persistence is common in people of European ancestry as well as some African, Middle Eastern and Southern Asian groups, but is rare or absent elsewhere in the world. The recent identification of independent nucleotide changes that are strongly associated with lactase persistence in different populations worldwide has led to the possibility of genetic tests for the trait. However, it is highly unlikely that all lactase persistence-associated variants are known. Using an extensive database of lactase persistence phenotype frequencies, together with information on how those data were collected and data on the frequencies of lactase persistence variants, we present a global summary of the extent to which current genetic knowledge can explain lactase persistence phenotype frequency.
Results: We used surface interpolation of Old World lactase persistence genotype and phenotype frequency estimates obtained from all available literature and perform a comparison between predicted and observed trait frequencies in continuous space. By accommodating additional data on sample numbers and known false negative and false positive rates for the various lactase persistence phenotype tests (blood glucose and breath hydrogen), we also apply a Monte Carlo method to estimate the probability that known lactase persistence-associated allele frequencies can explain observed trait frequencies in different regions.
Conclusion: Lactase persistence genotype data is currently insufficient to explain lactase persistence phenotype frequency in much of western and southern Africa, southeastern Europe, the Middle East and parts of central and southern Asia. We suggest that further studies of genetic variation in these regions should reveal additional nucleotide variants that are associated with lactase persistence
Digitizing Real-World Scenes from Images
No full text3D computer models are starting to play a more and more important role in our society. Realworldsituations are often too complex to explain in a 2D map and also the interest in virtualreality, serious gaming and other technologies that can be based on 3D computer models, isgrowing.Synthesis Project 2018Geomatic
LACTOSE-MALABSORPTION IN GREEK ADULTS - CORRELATION OF SMALL BOWEL TRANSIT-TIME WITH THE SEVERITY OF LACTOSE-INTOLERANCE
No full textEsophageal foreign bodies and the possibilities of complications in handicapped patients
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