191 research outputs found
Straight-wire appliances: standard versus individual prescription
No full textIn this article the individual patient (IP) appliance is described. It consists of 250 options of bracket and band variations as the straight wire appliances. Increasing the bracket capabilities means using an increasing number of brackets, each with a specific design created for a treatment situation. The objective of IP appliance is to eliminate wire bending from orthodontic treatment and improve the treatment results. To manage this technique, a computer software is needed. Internet offers significant possibilities in managing each patient by patient basis. The clinician is required to make the diagnosis and treatment plan before ordering the appliance. Two clinical cases are described with the aim to present the advantages of this technique.In this article the individual patient (IP) appliance is described. It consists of 250 options of bracket and band variations as the straight wire appliances. Increasing the bracket capabilities means using an increasing number of brackets, each with a specific design created for a treatment situation. The objective of IP appliance is to eliminate wire bending from orthodontic treatment and improve the treatment results. To manage this technique, a computer software is needed. Internet offers significant possibilities in managing each patient by patient basis. The clinician is required to make the diagnosis and treatment plan before ordering the appliance. Two clinical cases are described with the aim to present the advantages of this technique
Does surgical prophylaxis with teicoplanin constitute a therapeutic advance?
No full textAntibiotic prophylaxis has become standard care not only in operations characterized by high infection rates but also in the vast majority of clean surgical procedures, including those that use foreign materials, grafts or prosthetic devices as well as non-implant surgery. While use of antibiotics in clean implant surgery is undisputed, it is still controversial in clean non-implant surgery. As antibiotic prophylaxis should be directed against expected pathogens, the glycopeptides are considered suitable alternative antibiotics to first and second generation cephalosporins in clean surgical procedures associated with a high risk of wound infections due to Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant, and for patients allergic to beta-lactam antibiotics. In deciding whether to use a glycopeptide for prophylaxis, the current wound infection rates with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis at single institutions need to be considered, to limit the use of glycopeptides to wards where the incidence of methicillin resistance is high. Of the two available glycopeptides, teicoplanin may be preferable to vancomycin for peri-operative prophylaxis because of its excellent tissue penetration, as indicated by the large volume of distribution, lower toxicity, and particularly long half-life, allowing single-dose administration in several surgical procedures. Clinical trials with teicoplanin prophylaxis in several types of clean surgical procedures including orthopedic, cardiac, vascular and dental operations, have shown it to be efficacious. This review focuses on results from clinical studies with this glycopeptide as prophylaxis in clean surgery
Asimmetrie dentofacciali : diagnosi 3D e programmazione ortodontico-chirurgica
No full textLo scopo è evidenziare gli obiettivi del trattamento ortodontico pre-chirurgico e post-chirurgico nelle asimmetrie dento-scheletriche e sottolineare l’importanza della T.C. Cone Beam a basso dosaggio nella diagnosi 3-D.
Lo studio cefalometrico effettua l’esame simmetroscopico delle strutture cranio-maxillo-dentarie rendendo possibile la diagnosi differenziale, tra asimmetrie cranio basali, strutturali maxillari, mandibolari occluso-posizionali, mandibolari strutturali e dentarie.
La T.C. Cone Beam ha permesso di effettuare uno studio reale tridimensionale delle asimmetrie craniofacciali al fine di effettuare una corretta diagnosi con precisione elevatissima.
Le asimmetrie cranio facciali strutturali negli adulti spesso sono anomalie dell’apparato stomatognatico concomitanti a gravi malocclusioni scheletriche. Queste vengono corrette mediante un trattamento ortodontico-chirurgico complesso programmato differentemente in base all’eziologia della deformità dento-facciale.The aim is to show the objectives of pre-and post-surgical orthodontic treatment to correct dentofacial asymmetries and underline the importance of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), for a more accurate and precise diagnosis.
The cephalometric analysis performs symmetroscophic exam of dental and craniofacial diagnosis. It is useful to evaluate: gradual change in facial appearance, history of facial trauma or syndrome, difficulty biting and chewing, skeletal/dental relationship, facial asymmetry.
CBCT permitted to achieve a better and more accurate diagnosis of facial asymmetry and helped in treatment planning.
Craniofacial asymmetries are often associated to severe dento-skeletal deformities. These are corrected by a complex combined surgical orthodontic treatment, programmed in a different way depending on the etiology
A New Possible Application of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Case Report
No full textBackground: Trans Cranial Magnetic stimulation is a novel technique for non-invasive cerebral stimulation that is finding many application
for neurologic and psychiatric disorders such as Parkinson disease and depression.
The Physical laws that underlie the TMS permit further applications such as drug delivery. As a matter of fact according to the Biot Savart and Maxwell Faraday electromagnetic laws it is possible to concentrate magnetic
substances like gadolinium in specific areas.
Case Description: A 67 year old woman underwent TMS for drug resistant depression. Casually she underwent to gadolinium
enhanced MRI in the same day as she performed TMS. The result was of Gadolinium concentration on the same side of stimulation
Methicillin-resistant staphylococci in clean surgery. Is there a role for prophylaxis?
No full textThe incidence of infection in clean surgery (i.e. surgery with no major contamination of the operative site) should be less than 2%, although the incidence of postoperative infections can be higher in patients with various risk factors (namely insertion of foreign bodies, a compromised immune status or prolonged duration of surgery). Although antibiotic prophylaxis has been shown to reduce the incidence of postoperative infections in clean surgery, there is still no consensus regarding its use in this area. However, for clean surgical procedures that involve implantation of foreign material, grafts or prosthetic devices, prophylaxis is well accepted and justifiable, since this practice is indicated when the benefits exceed the expected risks. Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci are responsible for 70 to 90% of wound infections in this type of surgery. First and second generation cephalosporins are considered the drugs of choice for surgical prophylaxis. Cefazolin and other cephalosporins have good tissue penetration but poor coverage against methicillin-resistant staphylococci. The frequency with which methicillin-resistant staphylococci have been recovered in nosocomial infections has increased steadily during recent years. This provides a rationale for the use of alternative antibiotics, such as the glycopeptides (vancomycin and teicoplanin), for prophylaxis in clean surgery in hospitals where the prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci is high. The effectiveness and tolerability of teicoplanin as prophylaxis for orthopaedic surgery involving joint replacement were analysed in 4 randomised controlled trials. Two compared teicoplanin with cefamandole, while the others compared teicoplanin with either cefuroxime or cefazolin. The overall early wound infection rates (within 3 months) in these studies were 1.1% for teicoplanin and 1.7% for the comparator cephalosporin. The overall late infection rate was 0.2% for both treatment groups. Adverse events were attributed to the drug in 1% of patients in both treatment groups. Therefore, on the basis of these trials, single dose teicoplanin is as efficacious and as well tolerated as multiple dose cephalosporin regimens for prophylaxis in prosthetic joint surgery
Headache and transverse maxillary discrepancy
No full textThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of rapid palatal expansion in growing patients to eliminate the nasal pyramid stenosis as a cause of primary headache. Patients were invited to participate in the clinical study at the University of Milan, Department of Orthodontics. Forty-one growing patients of both genders suffering from primary neurovascular headaches and having transverse maxillary deficiency were studied before and after rapid palatal expansion. A clinical examination, postero-anterior radiography and rhinomanometry were performed. After rapid palatal expansion (RPE) therapy all patients showed a constant and important increase in the values relating to both skeletal and dental structures, a significant reduction in the mean nasal resistance, and a significant decrease or elimination of headache symptoms. This therapy provides a preventive alternative for surgical procedures, such as the neurovascular decompressive septo-ethmoidosphenoidectomy performed in adult patients
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