4,089 research outputs found
CO-OPERATIVE ORGANIZATION IN RURAL CANADA AND THE AGRICULTURAL CO-OPERATIVE MOVEMENT IN CHINA: A COMPARISON
No full textAgribusiness,
Aristoxenus Elements of rhythm: text, translation, and commentary with a translation and commentary on POxy 2687
No full textAristoxenus of Tarentum makes productive use of Aristotelian concepts and methods in developing his theory of musical rhythm in his treatise Elements of Rhythm. He applies the Aristotelian distinction between form and material and the concept of hypothetical necessity to provide an explanation for why musical rhythm is manifested in the syllables of song, the notes of melody, and the steps of dance. He applies the method of formulating differentiae, as described in Aristotle's Parts of Animals, to codify the formal properties of rhythm.
Aristoxenus' description of the rhythmic foot presents several interpretive challenges. Our text is fragmentary, and we lack Aristoxenus' definitions of several key terms. This study seeks to establish the meanings of these terms on the basis of a close examination of the structure of Aristoxenus' argument. Parallel passages in Aristides Quintilianus' On Music are considered in detail for their consistency or lack thereof with Aristoxenian usage. Parallel passages in POxy 2687 are cited as illustrations for several rhythmic constructions and principles Aristoxenus mentions; because these involve original interpretations of some points in POxy 2687, they are supported by a thorough presentation of POxy 2687 in a separate chapter.
One central conclusion of this study is that Aristoxenus viewed rhythmic feet as musical functions, analogous to the theory of melodic functions he had presented in his Elements of Harmony. Only limited conclusions about the applicability of Aristoxenus' theory to the history of ancient Greek music can be justified. While some of the extant remains of Greek music are in accord with Aristoxenian theory, others contradict it. Much of ancient poetry is more rhythmically complex than what is presented in our text of E.R., but regular poetic forms such as the anapestic dimeter and the stately rhythms of religious hymns may have provided the original starting points for subsequent rhythmic developments Aristoxenus seeks to explain.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (296-312)by Christopher C. Marchett
Oregon Justice Reinvestment Initiative: return on investment
No full textsubmitted to: Oregon Criminal Justice Commission ; principal investigator: Mauri Matsuda, Ph.D. ; co-investigators: Christopher Campbell, Ph.D., Christopher Dollar, M.S., Mark Leymon, Ph.D., Brian Renauer, Ph.D.This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references (pages 38-39).Funded by: Oregon Criminal Justice Commission.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Volterra Centennial Meetings - Invited talks given by Christopher Baker at Arlington & Tempe
No full textJune 1996 saw two meetings to mark the centennial of the mathematical work of Vito Volterra, the first being held at the University of Texas at Arlington (organised by Professors Corduneanu and Kanner) and the second at the State University of Arizona at Tempe. In invited talks at each meeting, the first-named author presented joint work that follows, in chronological sequence, in this technical report. Christopher T H Baker & Arslang Tang 2 GENERALIZED HALANAY INEQUALITIES FOR VOLTERRA FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND DISCRETIZED VERSIONS CHRISTOPHER T.H. BAKER 1 & ARSALANG TANG 2 Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics, The Victoria University of Manchester, England Abstract. Halanay's inequality provides a decreasing bound on a function satisfying a delay-differential inequality, subject to certain conditions, and it has been used by Halanay to analyze asymptotic stability of the zero solution of a certain delay-differential equations with fixed lag. The original ineq..
Pannexin-1 and P2X7-Receptor Are Required for Apoptotic Osteocytes in Fatigued Bone to Trigger RANKL Production in Neighboring Bystander Osteocytes
No full textOsteocyte apoptosis is required to induce intracortical bone remodeling after microdamage in animal models, but how apoptotic osteocytes signal neighboring “bystander” cells to initiate the remodeling process is unknown. Apoptosis has been shown to open pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels to release adenosine diphosphate (ATP) as a “find me” signal for phagocytic cells. To address whether apoptotic osteocytes use this signaling mechanism, we adapted the rat ulnar fatigue-loading model to reproducibly introduce microdamage into mouse cortical bone and measured subsequent changes in osteocyte apoptosis, receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) expression and osteoclastic bone resorption in wild-type (WT; C57Bl/6) mice and in mice genetically deficient in Panx1 (Panx1KO). Mouse ulnar loading produced linear microcracks comparable in number and location to the rat model. WT mice showed increased osteocyte apoptosis and RANKL expression at microdamage sites at 3 days after loading and increased intracortical remodeling and endocortical tunneling at day 14. With fatigue, Panx1KO mice exhibited levels of microdamage and osteocyte apoptosis identical to WT mice. However, they did not upregulate RANKL in bystander osteocytes or initiate resorption. Panx1 interacts with P2X7R in ATP release; thus, we examined P2X7R-deficient mice and WT mice treated with P2X7R antagonist Brilliant Blue G (BBG) to test the possible role of ATP as a find-me signal. P2X7RKO mice failed to upregulate RANKL in osteocytes or induce resorption despite normally elevated osteocyte apoptosis after fatigue loading. Similarly, treatment of fatigued C57Bl/6 mice with BBG mimicked behavior of both Panx1 KO and P2X7RKO mice; BBG had no effect on osteocyte apoptosis in fatigued bone but completely prevented increases in bystander osteocyte RANKL expression and attenuated activation of resorption by more than 50%. These results indicate that activation of Panx1 and P2X7R are required for apoptotic osteocytes in fatigued bone to trigger RANKL production in neighboring bystander osteocytes and implicate ATP as an essential signal mediating this process.Peer reviewe
Experiencing the armed struggle : the Soweto generation and after
No full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 354-369).This study explores the experiences of the rank-and-file soldiers of Umkhonto we Sizwe and the Azanian People's Liberation Anny. Extensive interviews by the author and other researchers reveal the voices of the soldiers themselves. The African National Congress and Pan African Congress archives at the University of the Western Cape and the University of Fort Hare supplement and verify these oral testimonies, as do some published sources. Most previously published materials about the armed struggle against apartheid have already focused on diplomacy, strategy and tactics, operations, leadership, and human rights abuses to the neglect of the soldiers' actual experiences. This study complements these with significant new oral history materials from the Soweto generation of soldiers and their successors. When dealing with MK, many authors have documented issues of the camp structure in Angola, and operations inside South Africa, so much of this detail is only addressed briefly, leaving space to explore the soldiers' experiences. In the case of APLA, very little has been written on its history, and more detail is provided on these subjects. This study therefore deals with the soldiers' politicisation and motivation for joining the armed struggle, their experiences in leaving South Africa and training in exile, the crises in exile which limited their effectiveness for a time, their return to fight in South Africa, and their difficulties in the "new" South Africa. These materials reveal that vast problems remain facing these veterans of the struggle against apartheid, and that they have the potential, if properly supported and employed, to contribute substantially to the development of present day South Africa. Conversely, if their neglect continues, they also have the potential to bring vast harm to the country. Further use of the investigative tools of oral history, especially if extended to the former soldiers' vernacular languages, is necessary to augment the history of South Africa, and these soldiers' contributions
Differential development of central dopaminergic and serotonergic systems across select mouse strains
No full textAlthough the etiology of autism is unclear, disruptions of the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems have been associated with the disorder. Based upon behavioral differences observed in the BALB/c strain of mice in comparison to other strains, notably, C57BL/6J mice, it has been suggested that the BALB/c strain may serve as an animal model of autism. However, to date, most work investigating neural and behavioral abnormalities in this strain has been performed in adult animals. Therefore, experiment 1 was conducted to examine the development of the central dopaminergic and serotonergic systems of BALB/c mice as compared to C57BL/6J mice. Levels of dopamine, serotonin, and their metabolites in several different brain regions and at three ages during development were measured. Alterations in both monoaminergic systems associated with age and strain were detected across brain regions indicating that there are neurochemical differences between these strains early in life. However, despite these differences in the development of brain monoaminergic systems, it remains difficult to declare this strain as a valid model of autism. Glutathione is an endogenous antioxidant, and gene mutations affecting glutathione have been linked to autism. One such gene mutation involves the altered expression of glutathione-S-transferase M1 (GSTM1). An animal model of autism incorporating this genetic mutation may be useful in studying the disorder. Therefore, experiment 2 was performed to investigate the neurochemical development of GSTM1 wildtype and knockout animals. Like experiment 1, dopamine, serotonin, and their metabolites were measured in several brain regions at three developmental time points. Neurochemical analysis revealed alterations in both dopaminergic and serotonergic systems associated with age and genotype. An understanding of these mice may help to further develop this animal model of autism.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Christopher M. Medveck
"Gesta Romanorum". A New Translation by Christopher Stace with an Introduction by Nigel Harris
No full textThis is the first modern English translation of the 'Gesta Romanorum' (c.1300), one of the primary sources of western European literature. Its 'Vulgate' corpus of 180 tales and moralizations (originally in Latin) is presented in accurate and fluent translations by Christopher Stace. I contribute a 14-page introduction, which summarizes all that can be known about the collection's author, date, textual history, sources and didactic intention, and suggests a revised interpretation of its didactic purport and literary style which draws particular attention to its focus on the sacrament of penance and its use of dialogue. I was also responsible for checking and commenting on the translation, for providing a number of footnotes to it, and for compiling a thematic index
"Gesta Romanorum". A New Translation by Christopher Stace with an Introduction by Nigel Harris
No full textThis is the first modern English translation of the 'Gesta Romanorum' (c.1300), one of the primary sources of western European literature. Its 'Vulgate' corpus of 180 tales and moralizations (originally in Latin) is presented in accurate and fluent translations by Christopher Stace. I contribute a 14-page introduction, which summarizes all that can be known about the collection's author, date, textual history, sources and didactic intention, and suggests a revised interpretation of its didactic purport and literary style which draws particular attention to its focus on the sacrament of penance and its use of dialogue. I was also responsible for checking and commenting on the translation, for providing a number of footnotes to it, and for compiling a thematic index
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