19,630 research outputs found
After Sulla: study in the settlement and material culture of the Piraeus peninsula in the Roman and Late Roman period
No full textModem text-based and ancient historical accounts take the sack of Piraeus, the port of Athens in Greece, by the Romans under Sulla in 86 ВС as the terminal point of the history of the area in antiquity. Archaeological work on the town has tended so far to regard the post-Classical phases of the settlement as less interesting than those marking the 'heyday' of the port in the Classical period. This thesis explores the nature and scale of settlement in the area in the centuries spanning the town's destruction by the Romans in 86 ВС and the Late Roman period. The study is based on a re-assessment of archaeological data from old and recent rescue excavations in the modem town up to 1997. It also presents and discusses in detail the results of post-excavation work by the author on unpublished material from an extensive site excavated in the early 1980s, These results are compared to and synthesized with epigraphic and other testimonies to answer questions about the nature of settlement and the degree of social and cultural change in the area during the period in focus. The discussion focuses in particular on; 1) exploring continuity and change in the settlement patterns, demography and topography of the town, 2) the changing nature of domestic space and its organization, and 3) investigating patterns of pottery consumption and trade. These issues are examined in the context of the social, economic and cultural changes documented for the Roman imperial and Late Roman period by previous archaeological fieldwork and excavations in the region of southern Greece and the Aegean
Opportunity costs of growing space – an essential driver of economical single-tree harvest decisions
No full textControlling the growing space available to trees is essential for silvicultural management. For an efficient, i.e. economical, allocation of the scarce growing space, a qualitative and quantitative knowledge of all drivers of harvest decisions is required. The fundamental Faustmann-Pressler-Ohlin-Theorem reveals these drivers at the stand level: In the economical optimum, the stand's future value increment is equal to the interest of its value plus the land rent of the following stand. However, with increasing availability of single-tree data and single-tree-oriented management of heterogeneous stands, the need to transfer these fundamental economic relationships to the single-tree level arises. While several studies already focus on this problem, approaches using practice-related growth and harvest simulations that omit assumptions on the optimal thinning type are still somewhat rare. Our study seeks to provide a deeper understanding of basic economic principles underlying single-tree harvests. We thus aim to contribute to the methodological improvement of decision support systems regarding the implementation of silvicultural-economic linkages. We present a simulation-optimization model to analyze the importance of opportunity costs of growing space for economical harvests of even-aged single-trees under varying production goals and individual tree characteristics. Here, we show that controlling the competition-based growing space efficiency should guide harvest decisions at a young age, whereas with age the focus should shift to possible investment alternatives for the financial resources fixed in a tree. Our analyses of economical harvest decisions indicate that the importance of individual tree characteristics rises with increasing heterogeneity. We found some surprising economically optimal harvest sequences in heterogeneous groups of trees, which underlines the high potential of our model to inform practical decision making at the single-tree level. By implementing economic theory in marteloscopes, our approach could enable an improved training of forest managers to face complex silvicultural decisions. In an environment shaped by scarcities, the derived principles can be applied to various ecosystem services
Fuchs und Dachs. Zur (Trans-)Formation einer interspezifischen Tiergemeinschaft im ›Roman de Renart‹ und im ›Reinhart Fuchs‹
No full textIn komparatistischer Perspektive wird die Formation und Transformation der speziesübergreifenden Figurenverbindung von Fuchs und Dachs untersucht, die für die altfranzösische wie die mittelhochdeutsche Tierepik gleichermaßen bedeutsam ist. Denn die Beziehung von Fuchs und Dachs nimmt im Erzähluniversum des ›Roman de Renart‹ wie des ›Reinhart Fuchs‹ eine Sonderstellung ein, da ihre Interaktion frei von Verrat ist. Beleuchtet werden sowohl die (nur vermeintlich zeitlosen) ›natürlichen‹ Hintergründe dieser Paarkonstellation im mittelalterlichen Tierwissen als auch die sozialen und kulturellen Prinzipien, Normen und Werte, auf welchen diese vertrauensvolle Verbindung fußt. Durch den Vergleich ausgewählter branches des ›Roman de Renart‹ mit der mittelhochdeutschen Adaptation des Fuchsepos wird dabei sowohl die Konstanz als auch die Variabilität dieser sozialen Gemeinschaft deutlich. Beantwortet werden sollen so die übergeordneten Fragen nach dem Beitrag dieses Figurenpaars zur tierepischen Reflexion politischer und kultureller Ordnungsentwürfe und nach der Veränderlichkeit jenes Nachdenkens im historischen Verlauf
Federico Santangelo, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2013
No full textFuchs Anne-Angèle. Federico Santangelo, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2013. In: ASDIWAL. Revue genevoise d'anthropologie et d'histoire des religions, n°8, 2013. pp. 205-207
A re-examination of the evidence for parade-grounds at auxiliary forts in Roman Britain
No full textThis Thesis examines the underlying evidence for parade-grounds at auxiliary forts in Roman Britain. Firstly by examining the evidence supporting forts with actual physical remains, such as the altars and the tribunal at Maryport and the artificially levelled area at Hardknott, and those with flagged areas which have been interpreted as parade-grounds, such as Ambleside and Gelligaer. The literary evidence of ancient authors is examined with particular reference to training and exercising and where this might have been undertaken. The occasions when a parade might have been appropriate in Roman times are examined, as is the possibility of a modem concept being superimposed on an ancient action
HYPOTHESIS OF RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ROMAN THEATER OF URBS SALVIA
No full textThe modern city of Urbisaglia, Roman Urbs Salvia, features many traces of its ancient origins. One of the most noteworthy is the theater, dated at around 23 d.C. The article presents a new, hypothetical virtual reconstruction of the structure, which was carried out based on the recent research of the geometric framework used by Roman architects in design. The principal intention of the article is to demonstrate the methodology of the study, in the case of a monument characterized by poor state of preservation
Re-Thinking Ritual Traditions: Interpreting Structured Deposition in Watery Contexts in Late Pre-Roman Iron Age and Roman Britain
No full textThis investigation seeks to define the strands of continuity and change in structured deposition across the Late Pre-Roman Iron Age to Early Roman transition in Britain, and interpret their significance in terms of cultural interaction. These interpretations not only examine and re-think structured deposition in relation to ritual traditions, but also explore how the continuity of such traditions was impacted by the transition between these two periods. Metalwork is a central focus but a wide range of other finds are also considered in order to take a holistic perspective on deposition. Watery deposits were an obvious starting point but comparisons with dry context deposits were necessary to provide a more complete understanding of these practices. The data were gathered from a number of individual sites throughout two contrasting case study zones defined by major waterways and labelled as such: the Severn-Thames Axis in the south and the Solway-Forth Axis in the north of Britain. Through the use of site reports as the main source of data, the analysis took a two-tiered approach. Individual episodes of structured deposition were examined and interpreted on a site-by-site basis. This then led to investigations on a broader scale by examining changes in the continuity of practices in the type of finds deposited, the contexts into which deposition took place and pre-deposition practices, such as deliberate breakage to determine patterns of deposition across the case study zones as a whole. With this comparative analysis it can be concluded that watery contexts were not a unique locus of structured deposition, and indeed that this practice is highly diverse across the zones studied. The tempora
Der Russische Frieden
No full textRoman über die Napoleonische Zeit
Die Aufzeichnungen Karl Georg Tandlop's, der während der Napoleonischen Ära als Korrespondent für die Gothaer 'National-Zeitung der Deutschen' gearbeitet hat und beim großen Brand von Moskau dabei war. In diesem Roman treten u.a. die Königin Luise von Preußen und der Dichter Heinrich von Kleist auf. Dies ist ein Buch über Politik und Weltgeschichte, und über die Menschen, die ihnen ausgeliefert sind. Aber es ist auch ein Buch über die alles Schlechte bezwingende, alles Gute erhaltende und überhaupt alles überdauernde Kraft und Macht der Kunst.
Dieser Roman ist Band 03 der 'Kleinen Werkeausgabe' von Alexander Fuchs
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