148 research outputs found
Supplemental Material - Temporal Error Monitoring Does Not Depend on Working Memory
No full textSupplemental Material for Temporal Error Monitoring Does Not Depend on Working Memory by Tutku Öztel, Fuat Balci in Psychological Reports</p
Mice make temporal inferences about novel locations based on previously learned spatiotemporal contingencies
No full textAnimals learn multiple spatiotemporal contingencies and organize their anticipatory responses accordingly. The representational/computational capacity that underlies such spatiotemporally guided behaviors is not fully understood. To this end, we investigated whether mice make temporal inferences of novel locations based on previously learned spatiotemporal contingencies. We trained 18 C57BL/6J mice to anticipate reward after three different intervals at three different locations and tested their temporal expectations of a reward at five locations simultaneously, including two locations that were not previously associated with reward delivery but adjacent to the previously trained locations. If mice made spatiotemporal inferences, they were expected to interpolate between duration pairs associated with previously reinforced hoppers surrounding the novel hopper. We found that the maximal response rate at the novel locations indeed fell between the two intervals reinforced at the surrounding hoppers. We argue that this pattern of responding might be underlain by spatially constrained Bayesian computations.WOS:0008849477000012-s2.0-8514219764336394657Science Citation Index ExpandedArticleUluslararasi isbirligi ile yapilmayan - HAYIRYÖK - 2022-23Kasi
Risk assessment in mice and men
No full textUncertainty is a ubiquitous property of both physical and mental realms. Goal-directed actions that take place under these conditions thus probabilistically predict their consequences. Traditional decision-making research has shown that particularly humans are non-normative decision-makers under uncertainty. On the other hand, considering the cognitive system as an output of evolutionary history, it is not unlikely that it models the uncertainties that partly determine the consequences of its actions. It is also natural to assume that the same system uses these models of uncertainty originating from multiple stochastic processes along with its metric representation of the consequences in planning its actions. Indeed, more recent research has shown closer to optimal performance in decision-making tasks in which the uncertainty was experienced and/or originated from the sensori-motor system. In this research, we investigated this very process in the context of temporal decision-making in both human and mice subjects. We further used this experimental context to answer the essential questions regarding the functional architecture of mind. This questioning specifically targeted the degree of representational and computational power needed to account for decision-making under uncertainty. In order to answer this question, we conducted computer simulations providing different degrees of representational substitution/power and compared their outputs to the empirical data. We conclude that both human and mice are optimal decision-makers under uncertainty that originates from extrinsic and intrinsic (mental) stochastic processes and observed performance can be better explained by information-processing rather than associative frameworks of mind.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-157)
Can Normal Fracture Healing Be Achieved When the Implant Is Retained on the Basis of Infection? An Experimental Animal Model
No full textInfection after open fractures is a common complication. Treatment options for infections developed after intramedullary nailing surgery remain a topic of controversy. We therefore used a rat fracture model to evaluate the effects of infection on osseous union when the implant was maintained
MİRJAQIP DUWLATOV AS A NEWSPAPER AUTHOR
No full textKazak edebiyatının ve Alaş Hareketi’nin en önemli isimlerinden biri olan, yazar, şair, siyaset adamı kimliklerini taşıyan Duwlatov’un edebi hayatında gazetecilik önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. 1907’den 1927’ye kadar 20 yıl boyunca pek çok gazete yazısı kaleme alan yazar, bu yazılarında siyasî hareketlerden salgın hastalıklara, önemli şahıslardan Kazak halkının adetlerine, siyahi kölelerden edebi eleştiriye kadar pek çok farklı konuyu işlemiştir. Yazarın üzerinde en çok durduğu meselelerden biri de eğitim meselesidir. Duwlatov’un gazetecilik hayatında Qazaq Gazetesi’nin önemli bir yeri bulunmaktadır. Yazar, Qazaq Gazetesi kapatılana kadar bu gazeteye çok önem vermiş ve pek çok yazısını bu gazetede yayımlamıştır. Yazarın yazılarını yayımladığı birkaç gazete şunlardır: Ayqap, Eŋbekşi Qazaq, Qızıl Qazaqstan.Yazar, bu gazete yazılarında pek çok farklı müstear kullanmıştır. Madiyar ve M.D. yazarın en çok kullandığı müstearlardır. Bu isimler arasında Türik Balası (Türk Evladı) ismi o dönemin şartları düşünülünce son derece dikkat çekicidir. Bu yazıda Mirjaqıp Duwlatov’un gazete yazıları ve bu yazılarında işlediği konular ele alınacaktır. Sonuç kısmında ise bir değerlendirme yapılacaktır.Journalism has an important place in Duwlatov’s literary life as one of the most famous names of the Kazakh literature and the Alash Movement who has the identities of writer, poet and politician. The author, who wrote many newspaper articles for 20 years from 1907 to 1927, covered many different topics like political movements, epidemic diseases, important people, the traditions of Kazakh people, black slaves, literary criticism etc. The issue of education is one of the most emphasized issues by the author.Qazaq Newspaper has an important place in Duwlatov's journalistic life. Until Kazakh Newspaper was closed, he attached great importance to this newspaper and published many of his articles in this newspaper. A few newspapers in which the author has published his articles are: Ayqap, Eŋbekşi Qazaq, Qızıl Qazaqstan.The author used many different nicknames in these newspaper articles. Madiyar and M.D. are the most commonly used nicknames by the author. Among these names, the name of Türik Balası (Turkish Son) is extremely remarkable when considering the conditions of that period.In this article, the newspaper articles of Mirjaqıp Duwlatov and the topics covered in these articles will be discussed. An evaluation will be made in the conclusion section
Age-dependent decline in learning and memory performances of WAG/Rij rat model of absence epilepsy
No full textRecent clinical studies revealed emotional and cognitive impairments associated with absence epilepsy. Preclinical research with genetic models of absence epilepsy however have primarily focused on dysfunctional emotional processes and paid relatively less attention to cognitive impairment. In order to bridge this gap, we investigated age-dependent changes in learning and memory performance, anxiety-like behavior, and locomotor activity of WAG/Rij rats (a valid model of generalized absence epilepsy) using passive avoidance, Morris water maze, elevated plus maze, and locomotor activity cage. We tested 5 month-old and 13 month-old WAG/Rij rats and compared their performance to age-matched Wistar rats. Results revealed a decline in emotional and spatial memory of WAG/Rij rats compared to age-matched Wistar rats only at 13 months of age. Importantly, there were no significant differences between WAG/Rij and Wistar rats in terms of anxiety-like behavior and locomotor activity at either age. Results pointed at age-dependent learning and memory deficits in the WAG/Rij rat model of absence epilepsy
Age-dependent decline in learning and memory performances of WAG/Rij rat model of absence epilepsy (vol 8, 51, 2012)
No full textSelf-Grooming Behaviors in the Maternal Immune Activation Mouse Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder
No full textAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that effects approximately 1% of children worldwide. Hence, it is vital to develop animal models of ASD so that thorough investigation of the disorder’s contributing developmental factors and underlying etiology can take place. Mice remain one of the best animal models used in ASD research as they share genetic, physiological, and anatomical similarity to humans, of which transgenic strains can be used to represent neurodevelopmental disorders including ASD. Considering that most clinical cases of ASD are idiopathic in nature, where it is suspected that environmental conditions play a substantial role in the development of ASD in the fetus, it is important to develop and validate idiopathic mouse models of ASD. Ultimately, we hope these mouse models would provide insight on idiopathic manifestation of ASD that syndromic models might lack. The maternal immune activation (MIA) mouse model of ASD uses an inflammatory response in a pregnant mouse dam to induce ASD-like symptom in the pups. In our experiments, this was achieved using a poly-IC injection in the pregnant dam. In this study we look to further validate the MIA model of autism by carrying out an open-field test looking at the self-grooming behaviours of MIA autistic mice and comparing them to an unmanipulated control group. We used parameters in grooming behaviour that past open-field tests on syndromic models of ASD have shown deviation from control groups in terms of self-grooming behaviours. While our sample size was too small to establish significant
differences, we established future corrections in the methodology of the open field self-grooming tests and provide suggestions on the improvement of their accuracy
An analysis of human rights violations of the Turkish security forces during the European Union harmonization process of Turkey
No full textThis study is intended to measure the impact of international organizations on individual states’ behavior during the era of globalization. In an effort to do so, it focuses on the relationship between Turkey and the European Union. With the goal of becoming a member of the Union, Turkey has passed a myriad of laws and regulations in addition to amendments to the Constitution during the past two decades. While these legislative improvements were intended to elevate the standards of democracy and human rights in the country, considerable development has also been achieved on the practical level. It has been observed that members of the security forces have undergone a significant transition during this process. Analyzing 863 cases before the European Court of Human Rights, the study found that there has been a noticeable decline in the quantity of violations committed by the security forces. Additionally, interviews with officials in the field disclosed that a new security perception and policing mentality has emerged during this process. To sum up, the study revealed that there has been a legal and professional improvement in the field of law enforcement particularly with the impact of the EU harmonization process.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Hudaverdi Balc
Mice can monitor their timing errors
No full textThe ability to accurately monitor the passage of time is pivotal for many functions such as associative learning and planning. Earlier experiments show that humans and rats can integrate their representational (endogenous) uncertainty about time intervals into decisions in a nearly normative fashion, suggesting that they can monitor their timing errors. This ability can be formalized as knowing whether and how much one has under- or over-estimated the duration of an event without any feedback, which we refer to as metric error monitoring (MEM). Although MEM has been documented in humans and very recently in rats (with two-alternative two choice procedure), whether mice can monitor their timing errors based on confidence-like measures is unknown. I tested this hypothesis in C57BL/6 male mice (N=16). Mice were trained to depress a lever for a minimum target duration in order to receive a reward in the food hopper. No reward was given when mice under-produced the minimum required target interval. During test trials, the rate of nose-pokes into the food hopper during a variable response window after releasing the lever was recorded. Mice nose-poked more vigorously (reflecting higher reward expectancy) following temporal productions around the target duration compared to when they under-produced the minimum target interval. This result suggests that mice judge whether or not their temporal production was close to meeting the task criterion to receive a reward, and thus show temporal error monitoring abilities in mice. Our findings also provide the necessary behavioural tool to study the neural basis based on correlational and manipulative methods in non-human animals.October 202
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