31,699 research outputs found
The study of Lu Fu in the early Song Dynasty
No full text碩士一、研究目的：
本文擬從歷代賦學審美意識中，觀看宋初律賦的內容。包括破題、音律、對偶，以及影響宋初律賦主題的因素。
二、研究範圍：
時間上，由宋太祖趙匡胤陳橋兵變，建年號建隆元年（960）開始，歷太宗、真宗，至宋仁宗親政的明道元年（1032）止，作為本文時間的依據。
文本的選擇，此時期文士所撰寫的律賦，無論是應制之作、科舉考試之律賦，或是習作等，都是本文討論的範圍。然本文以單篇律賦為主，吳淑著《事類賦注》一百篇雖皆屬律賦，然因其為類書，且意義獨具，當另以專書論述。
依作者生年及登進士第的順序，參閱《現存宋人著述總錄》、《全宋文》、《歷代賦彙》，共錄律賦一百一十六篇。
三、研究方法：
律賦常為後人所詬病，筆者由傳統賦學的審美觀，自漢賦、曹丕《典論‧論文》、陸機《文賦》、鍾嶸《詩品》，賦的審美意識皆與各時代的文風及流行文體或政治風氣有所相涉，至劉勰《文心雕龍‧詮賦》篇，將賦體的特色獨立，也確立了名為賦體所該擁有的價值。
將傳統的審美意識帶入律賦中，探討宋初律賦是否合乎賦的標準，便是本文所著重的。其次則是在宋代初年的政治風氣及文學風氣中，律賦何以成為科舉考試之要項。本文將由演繹方式，例舉代表宋初律賦之作家，羅列以證宋初律賦之特色。
四、研究結論：
筆者認為律賦之美，不僅是因其題下限韻，因難而巧。更難能可貴的是律賦的破題、對偶及音律之美，讀之錯落有致，更添美感。希望本文可作為拋磚引玉之效，使律賦復其文學之地位，也可由本文得知宋初律賦與唐代及後世律賦的獨特之處。Abstract:
The purpose of the study:
This study is trying to analyze the content of Lu Fu in the early Song dynasty, including its introductory, rhythm, symmetry and the theme of the verse.
The scope of the study:
The research materials are selected within four kingdoms period, Emperor Taizu, Emperor Taizong, Emperor Zhenzong and Emperor Renzong, from 960 B.C. to 1032 B.C.; and the contents are chosen from imperial examinations in former times and personal practice writing. Although this study is focusing on independent Fu, Shi Lei Fu Ju, a very important work, written by Shu Wu is a tool book consisting a hundred correlated Fu which can not be left out when discussing Fu in this study.
Total 116 Fu are picked in this study and according to Comprehensive Index of Extant Works by Song Persons, Chuan Song Wen and Li Dai Fu Lu, those pomes are listing by year of author’s birth or year that a author success in the highest imperial examinations.
Methodology:
This study makes generality comments on Lu Fu in Early Song dynasty based on traditional aesthetic and literary criticism book, for example Han Fu, A Discourse on Literature by Pi Cao, Wen Fu by Ji Lu and Shi Ping by Ron Chung. The aesthetic on Fu was changing by the literature trend and the political situation in different dynasty. Until the first work of aesthetics and also the first systematic work of literary criticism, The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragon by Xie Liu, Fu formed a unique characteristic and style of its own and became a major poetic genre.
Comparing to the former aesthetic views to look for if Lu Fu match to the traditional criterion is the key emphasis in this study. The second, this study is trying to find out why Lu fu became a main stream in the imperial examination in the Song dynasty. This research using the approach of natural deduction, brining up several famous writers to proof the magnificent features of Lu Fu.
Conclusion:
The limitation of rhyme scheme makes Lu fu very difficult to compose, but the perplexity of Lu Fu brings out the true beauty within the verse. Furthermore, when reading a Lu Fu, readers can appreciate the beautiful introductory, symmetry and rhyming pattern of it. Hoping through study, Lu Fu can be rehabilitated its reputation and status in Chinese literature history.目錄
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 2
第二節 研究範圍 4
一、宋初律賦文本 7
二、宋初律賦作者 13
（一）、田錫 14
（二）、王禹偁 14
（三）、王曾 14
（四）、夏竦 15
（五）、范仲淹 15
（六）、宋庠 15
（七）、宋祁 15
（八）、文彥博 16
三、宋初考試制度相關資料 16
第三節 研究方法 21
第二章 賦的功能與審美要求 23
第一節 賦的功能 23
第二節 賦的審美要求 29
一、鋪采摛文 30
二、體物寫志 33
三、音律流麗 39
第三節 結語 42
第三章 律賦的形成及發展 44
第一節 律賦「新體」的特徵 44
第二節 律賦的句式 47
第三節 律賦之用韻 52
第四節 律賦之使事 56
第五節 律賦遭詬病的原因 60
第六節 結語 63
第四章 宋初律賦的特色 65
第一節 宋人賦論 66
第二節 律賦章法 72
第三節 律賦押韻 77
第四節 律賦的對偶與使事 80
第五節 結語 82
第五章 宋初律賦的內容 84
第一節 宋初律賦的內涵 84
一、田錫 84
二、王禹偁 86
三、夏竦 87
四、范仲淹 89
五、宋庠、宋祁 92
六、文彥博 93
第二節 宋初律賦的題材 94
第三節 影響律賦主題的因素 99
一、矛盾與沉潛 100
二、儒學的復興 104
三、釋道的交融 112
第四節 結語 116
第六章 結論 118
參考文獻 121學號: 695010305, 學年度: 9
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A MODEL FOR EVALUATION OF ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIC WASTE - FOCUSING ON KINETICS, RATE-LIMITING STEP
No full textA kinetic study for an anaerobic batch reactor was performed to evaluate quantitatively the effect of substrate characteristics on the anaerobic degradation of organic waste. The kinetic behavior of anaerobic degradation was described as a first order series reaction that is a consecutive reaction of acidogenic- and methanogenic-fermentation. DR (Determinant of Rate limiting step) that is based on balancing between the rates of the reaction steps was defined, that is the logarithmic difference between maximum acidification rate and maximum methanation rate. Anaerobic degradation characteristics, such as the kinetic and rate limiting step, could be evaluated by the value of DR. DR depended on PR (Pivotal Ratio) that is a ratio of ultimate methane yield to maximum methane production rate. PR could be obtained easily by using a first order kinetic analysis for overall anaerobic degradation, and it was considered as a useful parameter to estimate approximately the characteristics of anaerobic degradation for organic waste. This simple evaluation method for the degradation characteristics of organic waste might be used for the optimization of performance, staler operation, as well as better control and design of anaerobic digestion system
Che-yin Song Li Ming-tchong Ying tsao fu che
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Investigating representational biases in stock photo website search results
No full textStock photos have been widely used in various media, such as newspapers and blogs. They are relatively understudied in media and advertising, perhaps because the concept of stock photos encompasses a wide range of images, and websites dedicated to gathering, displaying, and selling stock photos haven't been popular until recent decades. Therefore, this paper aims to bring into light the representation biases that digital stock photos have regarding races and genders across different occupations. Compared to the employment statistics dataset published by the US Labor of Bureau Statistics and to the ideal situation where all genders and races are represented equally, stock photos collected from Shutterstock have demonstrated different degrees of representation bias regarding perceived race and gender. Stock photo creators have used several techniques to make their images suitable for a wide range of topics and audiences, including using illustrations instead of actual photos, taking pictures about parts of human bodies (primarily hands and arms), and depicting people's silhouettes and shadows. These techniques can undoubtedly improve the diversity of stock photos, but their effects are limited as many visual cues for genders and races still exist. Finally, whether jobs are popular in rural and metropolitan areas in the United States has mixed effects on perceived gender and racial biases.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2023-05-01The student, Hang Song, accepted the attached license on 2021-04-22 at 18:34.The student, Hang Song, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2021-04-22 at 18:37.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2021-04-28 at 14:59.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #16515 on 2021-09-16 at 17:04:53Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-17T02:34:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Extending Temporal Logics with Data Variable Quantifications
No full textAlthough data values are available in almost every computer system, reasoning about them is a challenging task due to the huge data size or even infinite data domains. Temporal logics are the well-known specification formalisms for reactive and concurrent systems. Various extensions of temporal logics have been proposed to reason about data values, mostly in the last decade. Among them, one natural idea is to extend temporal logics with variable quantifications ranging over an infinite data domain. In this paper, we focus on the variable extensions of two widely used temporal logics, Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) and Computation Tree Logic (CTL). Grumberg, Kupferman and Sheinvald recently investigated the extension of LTL with variable quantifications. They defined the extension as formulas in the prenex normal form, that is, all the variable quantifications precede the LTL formulas. Our goal in this paper is to do a relatively complete investigation on this topic. For this purpose, we define the extensions of LTL and CTL by allowing arbitrary nestings of variable quantifications, Boolean and temporal operators (the resulting logics are called respectively variable-LTL, in brief VLTL, and variable-CTL, in brief VCTL), and identify the decidability frontiers of both the satisfiability and model checking problem. In particular, we obtain the following results: 1) Existential variable quantifiers or one single universal quantifier in the beginning already entails undecidability for the satisfiability problem of both VLTL and VCTL, 2) If only existential path quantifiers are used in VCTL, then the satisfiability problem is decidable, no matter which variable quantifiers are available. 3) For VLTL formulas with one single universal variable quantifier in the beginning, if the occurrences of the non-parameterized atomic propositions are guarded by the positive occurrences of the quantified variable, then its satisfiability problem becomes decidable. Based on these results of the satisfiability problem, we deduce the (un)decidability results of the model checking problem
Author Identification from Song Lyrics
No full textMachine Learning (ML) tools have been used extensively in a wide variety of domains
recently. Due the enormous amount of data being produced, machine learning techniques
are being heavily used to make sense of data & derive meaningful results. Using machine
learning tools, we can turn the data into knowledge.
Music is one of the truest forms of art. Bangladesh has a great history of music with a
great tradition of song writing over centuries. Authorship attribution is the way of
identifying the author from a linguistic corpus.
This paper demonstrates a guideline to identify the author of a Bengali song from the
lyrics of that song using machine learning. This research work presents the first work on
machine learning approach for author attribution from the lyrics of a song. Here six
methods of machine learning are used for the author identification and high accuracies
have been achieved from these methods. It is observed that Naïve Bayes method provides
higher accuracy in comparison with the other methods
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