1,235 research outputs found
Highlights of the Chinese exposure factors handbook (adults) /
No full textThe Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES) has conducted the Environmental exposure related activity pattern research of Chinese population (Adults). Exposure Factors Handbook of Chinese Population (Adults) was compiled based on the results from this study. Highlights of the Chinese Exposure Factors Handbook is a brief introduction to the content of Exposure Factors Handbook of Chinese Population (Adults). In each chapter, definitions, possible influence factors, and survey methods have been introduced, followed by recommended values for urban/rural areas, different genders, age groups and regions with information of mean, median and P5, P25, P75, P95 values. With the abundant data and tables, readers are provided with an accessible and comprehensive overview of Chinese exposure factors.Includes bibliographical references.Vendor-supplied metadata.The Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES) has conducted the Environmental exposure related activity pattern research of Chinese population (Adults). Exposure Factors Handbook of Chinese Population (Adults) was compiled based on the results from this study. Highlights of the Chinese Exposure Factors Handbook is a brief introduction to the content of Exposure Factors Handbook of Chinese Population (Adults). In each chapter, definitions, possible influence factors, and survey methods have been introduced, followed by recommended values for urban/rural areas, different genders, age groups and regions with information of mean, median and P5, P25, P75, P95 values. With the abundant data and tables, readers are provided with an accessible and comprehensive overview of Chinese exposure factors.Front Cover -- Highlights of the Chinese Exposure Factors Handbook (Adults) -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Foreword -- Synopsis -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Background and purpose -- 1.2 Targeted exposure factors -- 1.3 The approach to developing recommended values of exposure factors -- 1.4 Uncertainty and variability -- 1.5 Limitation and further research needs -- 2 Inhalation Rates -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Recommended values -- 3 Water Ingestion Rates -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Recommended values -- 4 Food Intake4.1 Introduction4.2 Recommended values -- 5 Time-Activity Factors Related to Air Exposure -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Recommended values -- 6 Time-Activity Factors Related to Water Exposure -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Recommended values -- 7 Time-Activity Factors Related to Soil Exposure -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Recommended values -- 8 Time-Activity Factors Related to Electromagnetic Exposure -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Recommended values -- 9 Body Weight -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Recommended values -- 10 Body Surface Area -- 10.1 Introduction10.2 Recommended values11 Life Expectancy -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Recommended values -- 12 Residential Factors -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Recommended values -- References -- AcknowledgmentsElsevie
FIGURE 1 in Complete mitogenome of Calliptamus barbarus Costa (Orthoptera: Acrididae) and its phylogeny in Acridoidea
No full textFIGURE 1. Circular map of the annotated mitogenome of C. barbarus. Protein coding and ribosomal genes are shown with standard abbreviations. Transfer RNA (tRNA) genes are indicated using the IUPAC-IUB single letter amino acid codes.Published as part of Ding, Xunhuan, Fu, Yun, Zhou, Xuan, Yang, Shubing, Cao, Yunmeng, Hou, Fuxiao, Liu, Xiaoli & Sun, Tao, 2022, Complete mitogenome of Calliptamus barbarus Costa (Orthoptera: Acrididae) and its phylogeny in Acridoidea, pp. 427-440 in Zootaxa 5213 (4) on page 430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/738150
Folate-Modified Smart Responsive Nanosystems for Enhancing Anti-Tumor Therapy Through Calcium Overload and Chemotherapy
No full textYongcheng Tang,1,2,* Jingrong Huang,3,* Cheng Cui,1,2 Fengyi Yang,1,2 Kaifu Li,1,2 Benjian Gao,1,2 Shaozhi Fu,3 Xiaoli Yang1,2 1Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China; 2Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shaozhi Fu, Email [email protected] Xiaoli Yang, Email [email protected]: The combination of DOX and 5-Fu is an important chemotherapeutic regimen but lacks targeting to solid tumor sites. Precise drug delivery via folate-modified nanomaterials is an important measure to improve efficacy and reduce toxicity.Methods: CaCO3 nanoparticles served as the carrier for loading DOX and 5-Fu, followed by encapsulation with folic acid-modified polydopamine (PDA) to form a smart dual drug-carrying nanosystem called FA-DCFP. The nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized and the release kinetics and anti-tumor effectiveness of FA-DCFP were studied in vitro and in vivo.Results: The prepared nanoparticles had an average particle size of 188.79± 0.93nm and exhibited pH-sensitive drug release. Cellular experiments demonstrated that the synergistic effect of tumor cell calcium overload and chemotherapy resulted in tumor cell death. Small animal in vivo imaging showed that FA-DCFP was well enriched in the tumour region. In vivo experiments demonstrated that FA-DCFP exhibited significant inhibition of tumour growth, attenuation of toxic side effects, and good biosafety compared to other groups.Conclusion: An intelligent-responsive nano-dual drug delivery system was developed to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of tumors through calcium overload synergistic chemotherapy, offering a novel approach to tumor treatment.Keywords: adriamycin, calcium overload, 5-fluorouracil, drug-targeting delivery, colon cance
The role of GLI1 for 5-Fu resistance in colorectal cancer
No full textAbstract Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy as the major treatment for advanced disease. Many patients with advanced colorectal cancer eventually succumb to the disease despite some patients responded initially to chemotherapy. Thus, identifying molecular mechanisms responsible for chemotherapy resistance will help design novel strategies to treat colorectal cancer. In this study, we established an acquired 5-FU resistant cell line, LoVo-R, from LoVo cells. Through exome sequencing, we discovered that elevated GLI1 signaling axis is a major genetic alteration in the 5-FU resistant cells. Hh signaling, a pathway essential for embryonic development, is an important regulator for residual cancer cells. We demonstrated that knockdown of GLI1 or GLI2 sensitized LoVo-R cells to 5-FU treatment, reduced cell invasiveness. The relevance of our studies to colorectal cancer patients is reflected by our discovery that high expression of GLI1 signaling molecules was associated with a high incidence of cancer relapse and a shorter survival in a larger cohort of colorectal cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy (containing 5-FU). Taken together, our data demonstrate the critical role of the GLI1 signaling axis for 5-FU resistance in colorectal cancer
Effects of two perennials, fallow and millet on distribution of phosphorous in soil and biomass on sloping loess land, China
No full textSoil erosion causes sequential eco-environmental problems in the Loess Plateau of China. Therefore, vegetation restoration measures were adopted in this area by converting steep cropland into alternative land uses in order to remedy the erosion problem and alleviate land degradation. As part of the effort to understand the potential of this management practice in sequestering nutrients, the present study assessed the impact of vegetation restoration on the distribution of phosphorus (P) and aboveground biomass on a sloping land in this area. The study compared four land uses, Korshinsk Peashrub (KOP), alfalfa (ALF), natural fallow (NAF), and millet (MIL). KOP, ALF and NAF were adopted as vegetation restoration patterns, while MIL was an example of crop land. For the sampling time the average aboveground P pools of KOP, ALF, and MIL were 1.118. 0.406. and 0.091 g m(-2), respectively. The magnitudes of the aboveground biomass and tissue P concentration of the three land uses followed the same order. Both vertical and horizontal distributions of soil Olsen P of KOP were relatively uniform. Soil Olsen P of ALF accumulated significantly at the down-slope position within the surface 60 cm soil profile. The down-slope accumulation of soil Olsen P was significant at the depth of 80 to 100 cm and 0 to 20 cm for NAF and MIL, respectively. The soil Olsen P concentrations in deeper soil layers of KOP and ALF were clearly lower than that of NAF, while MIL had apparent higher concentrations of soil Olsen P in the 0 to 20 cm layer of soil. Generally, the vegetation restoration did not present a significant effect on total soil P level,with the average values of 0.722,0.751,0.747, and 0.729 kg m(-2) for KOP,ALF, NAF and MR, respectively. However, an apparent accumulation of total soil P at the down-slope position was observed for NAF and MIL treatments. For ALF and KOP, the soil Olsen P and the soil moisture content were correlated positively to the aboveground P pool. For MIL, however, the higher aboveground P corresponded to a higher soil Olsen P but to a lower soil moisture content. Results from the four years of data suggest that ALF is the fastest absorber of soil P, while KOP is the best vegetation to sequester soil P of the soil-plant systems in this study. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Changes in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen after 28 years grassland afforestation: effects of tree species, slope position, and soil order
No full textThe effect of conversion of grassland to woodland on organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) has significance for global change, land resource use and ecosystem management. However, these effects are always variable. Here, we show results of a study in an arid area in China on profile distribution of OC and TN in soils covered by two different woody tree canopies and outer canopy space (grassland between woody plant canopies). The soils were at various slope positions (upper, middle and lower slopes) for Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) and Korshrinsk peashrub (Caragana korshinskii) lands, and of different soil orders (Castanozems, Skeletal, Loessial and Aeolian soils). The objectives were to relate the effects of land use change on OC and TN to slope position and soil order. Soil OC and TN were significantly larger at Korshrinsk peashrub slope locations than at Chinese pine slope locations. Soil OC and TN were small at the lower slope position for Korshrinsk peashrub, however, they were largest at the middle slope for Chinese pine. Korshrinsk peashrub always increased soil OC and TN under brush canopy at the three slope positions, while Chinese pine increased them at lower slopes and decreased them at upper slopes. For the soil types, OC and TN in Korshrinsk peashrub land were in the order of Castanozems > Skeletal > Loessial > Aeolian soils. Korshrinsk peashrub also increased OC and TN under brush canopy in the four soils. Our results indicated that soil OC and TN in canopy soils differed greatly from associated values in the outer canopy soils, and the effects of grassland afforestation varied significantly with tree species, slope position, and soil type. Therefore, we suggest that differentiating such factors can be an effective approach for explaining variances in OC and N changes caused by land use conversion
Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen as affected by vegetation types in Northern Loess Plateau of China
No full textOne of the most fragile areas in the China Loess Plateau, is the transitional belt that is subjected to wind and water erosion. The transitional belt accounts for about 30% of the Loess Plateau area. To reduce soil degradation in the Loess Plateau, the Chinese government initiated a state-funded vegetation restoration project in 1999. The effectiveness of this project on transitional belt soils is unknown. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of four dominant vegetation types on soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) in a selected catchment within the transitional belt. Korshinsk Peashrub (KOP), purple alfalfa (ALF). and natural fallow (NAF) were selected as vegetation restoration types because they have been used widely to remedy soil degradation. The fourth vegetation type selected was millet (MIL) because it has been an important crop in the region. In 2004, four 61 x 5 m plots were established on 12 degrees slope land. The plots were parallel and separated by 80 cm. Based upon soil samples collected in August of 2007, there were large variations in the distributions and stocks of SOC and N across the four vegetation types. Compared with MIL, KOP significantly increased the concentration and stock of SOC and total nitrogen (TN) in 0-100 cm soil profiles, while ALF and NAF were not significantly different. The distributions of SOC and TIN concentrations and stocks of KOP, ALF and NAF were relatively uniform along a hillslope, while there was an increasing trend along the hillslope in MIL This result suggests that ALF and NAF would be beneficial in SOC and TN sequestration over a long-term because of their ability to reduce the loss of SOC and TN by soil erosion. We also found that both vegetation types and hillslope position had no significant effects on C:N ratio. Our Study demonstrated that improvements of SOC and TN stocks in the transitional belt could be made through well managed vegetation restoration measures. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V
Distribution of soil organic C, N and P in three adjacent land use patterns in the northern Loess Plateau, China
No full textThe northern Loess Plateau is an important cropping-pastoral ecotone and wind-water erosion crisscross region in China, but the distribution of soil organic carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in different land uses across this vulnerable ecoregion is not well understood. This study was carried out to determine the distribution patterns of soil organic C, N and P in native grassland and in two woody lands (Chinese Pine land and Korshinsk Peashrub land) that were established on the native grassland 28 years ago. In the north part of the Loess Plateau, the concentrations of soil organic C, N and P were lower than in the southern Loess Plateau either across or within the land use patterns. The concentrations and stocks of organic C and total N were significantly decreased in Chinese Pine and Korshinsk Peashrub lands compared with those in native grassland in the surface 0-40 cm soil layer, where more than 70% of the roots were distributed. The decreases in organic C in 0-40 cm soil layers were 2.6 and 3.0 Mg C ha(-1) (26.3 and 27.7%) by Chinese Pine and Korshrinsk Peashrub, while those of total N were 0.6 and 0.4 Mg N ha(-1) (31.5 and 17.2%), respectively, compared with native grassland. Both concentration and stock of total P varied only slightly with land use. The findings suggested that the conversion of natural grass into Chinese Pine and Korshinsk Peashrub resulted in decreased soil organic C and total N in the surface 0 to 40 cm soil layer of the northern Loess Plateau. Our results further indicated that a combination of low temperatures, little precipitation and large soil degradation impede increasing C and N stocks by afforestation, and the afforestation on grassland should be viewed very critically in such areas
Rab23 negatively regulates Gli1 transcriptional factor in a Su(Fu)-dependent manner
No full textHedgehog (Hh) signaling, via the key signal transducer Smoothened (SMO) and Gli transcription factors, is essential for embryonic development and carcinogenesis. While the biological relevance of hedgehog signaling to cancer is well established, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which signaling transduction of this pathway occurs. Rab23 was discovered as a negative regulator of the Hh pathway through a mouse genetic study. Here we report that Rab23 directly associates with Su(Fu) and inhibits Gli1 function in a Su(Fu)-dependent manner. By confocal microscope and immunoprecipitation, we detected interaction between Rab23 and Su(Fu). Using Gli1-mediated reporter gene analysis, we found that Rab23 can suppress Gli1 transcriptional activity in wild type but not Su(Fu) null fibroblasts. Similarly, Rab23 expression reduced the nuclear localization of Gli1 in wild type but not Su(Fu) null fibroblast cells. Consistent with the GTPase motif in the protein, we showed that Rab23 has GTPase activity. The dominant negative form of Rab23 was unable to suppress Gli1-mediated transcriptional activity. Taken together, these data provide evidence to support that Rab23 negatively regulates Gli1 activity in a Su(Fu)-dependent manner
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