328,352 research outputs found
Pharmacoeconomic analysis of adjuvant oral capecitabine vs intravenous 5-FU/LV in Dukes' C colon cancer: the X-ACT trial
Full text linkOral capecitabine (Xeloda<sup>®</sup>) is an effective drug with favourable safety in adjuvant and metastatic colorectal cancer. Oxaliplatin-based therapy is becoming standard for Dukes' C colon cancer in patients suitable for combination therapy, but is not yet approved by the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in the adjuvant setting. Adjuvant capecitabine is at least as effective as 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (5-FU/LV), with significant superiority in relapse-free survival and a trend towards improved disease-free and overall survival. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of adjuvant capecitabine from payer (UK National Health Service (NHS)) and societal perspectives. We used clinical trial data and published sources to estimate incremental direct and societal costs and gains in quality-adjusted life months (QALMs). Acquisition costs were higher for capecitabine than 5-FU/LV, but higher 5-FU/LV administration costs resulted in 57% lower chemotherapy costs for capecitabine. Capecitabine vs 5-FU/LV-associated adverse events required fewer medications and hospitalisations (cost savings £3653). Societal costs, including patient travel/time costs, were reduced by >75% with capecitabine vs 5-FU/LV (cost savings £1318), with lifetime gain in QALMs of 9 months. Medical resource utilisation is significantly decreased with capecitabine vs 5-FU/LV, with cost savings to the NHS and society. Capecitabine is also projected to increase life expectancy vs 5-FU/LV. Cost savings and better outcomes make capecitabine a preferred adjuvant therapy for Dukes' C colon cancer. This pharmacoeconomic analysis strongly supports replacing 5-FU/LV with capecitabine in the adjuvant treatment of colon cancer in the UK
O kung Fu e o desenvolvimento infantil : desenvolvimento motor
No full textEste trabalho busca elementos para verificar a ligação do Kung Fu, uma arte
marcial chinesa, com o desenvolvimento motor infantil, baseando-se no conceito do
desenvolvimento motor de GALLAHUE, D. L.; OZMUN, J. C e MEINEL, K., e assim poder
associar estes conceitos a pratica desta, que atualmente é uma das artes marciais mais praticadas
no mundo. Mas antes de apresentar o desenvolvimento motor, passa-se por uma revisão da
história do Kung Fu, e uma revisão sobre o desenvolvimento, para que se possa desenvolver
com clareza a idéia da ligação das duas coisas. Durante a pesquisa foi realizado como forma de
busca de dados, um sistema de diário de observação de alunos praticantes de Kung Fu em
diversos níveis de aprendizagem e treinamento, respeitando a faixa etária proposta pelo trabalho,
para poder apresentar conclusões consistentes. Sem aprofundar-se no tipo de treinamento
realizado e nos estilos existentes da modalidade esportiva, mas se atentando exclusivamente as
crianças no treinamento, com os dados coletados, foi possível observar uma grande relação entre
o Kung Fu e a melhora do desenvolvimento de capacidades como coordenação motora geral,
equilíbrio, lateralidade, noção de direita e esquerda, posição e sentido.This paper searches for elements to verify the connection of Kung Fu, a
Chinese martial art, with the motor development of children, based on the concept of motor
development of GALLAHUE, D. L.; OZMUN, J. C e MEINEL, K., and this way be able to
associate these concepts to it, which is currently one of the most practiced martial arts in the
world. But before presenting the motor development, it will go through a review of the history
of Kung Fu, and a review about the development, so that it can develop a clear idea of the
connection of both things. During the research it was conducted as a way of data searching, a
system of observation journal of students practicing Kung Fu at different levels of learning and
training, respecting the age proposed for the work, to present consistent conclusions. Without
going too deep into the kind of training conducted and in the different existing styles of the
sport, but exclusively paying attention to the children in training, with the collected data, it was
possible to observe a strong relation between Kung Fu and the improvement of capacities as
general motor coordination, balance, laterality, sense of right and left, position and direction
The Influence of Material Modification and Residues on Space Charge Accumulation in XLPE for DC Power Cable Application
No full textThe effects of material modification and cross-linking by-products (residues) quantity on space charge accumulation and decay in XLPE have been investigated using the pulsed electro-acoustic technique. The threshold stress for space charge generation during voltage-ramping was found to show considerable variation and to depend upon the material and the amount of residue present. However, the modified XLPE material was found to exhibit a higher threshold for space charge accumulation than the reference XLPE whatever the conditions. De-gassed samples were found to exhibit the highest threshold stress, with that of the modified de-gassed XLPE accumulating no space charge at all even after 24 hours stressing at 70kV. In general heterocharge regions were formed when the residues were present and homocharge or no charge was formed when the residues were removed by degassing. Differences were also found in the space charge decay following short-circuit (volts-off), with the decay of heterocharge being rapid, whereas that of homocharge was slow. A tentative explanation is offered to explain these features
Frequency Domain Synthesis of Optimal Inputs for On-line Identification and Adaptive Control
No full textPygoluciola qingyu Fu et Ballantyne
No full textPygoluciola qingyu Fu et Ballantyne Figs 43–48, 63 – 4, 71, 92 Pygoluciola qingyu Fu et Ballantyne, 2008: 1. Material examined. CHINA: Eight fifth instar larvae, E Mei Mountain, Sichuan Province, July 8, 2006 (NHMHAU). Diagnosis. Very similar in morphology to larvae of L. gorhami, L. praeusta. L. terminalis, L. cerata, L. anceyi from which it differs most obviously in having 2 inner teeth on the mandibles (Figs 46, 71). Found near shallow bodies of water along road sides. Known to be actively predacious on living ants. Remarks. It is very possible that some of the other species with similar dorsal morphology, but a single toothed retinaculum, (e.g. L. gorhami, L. praeusta. L. terminalis, L. cerata, L. anceyi) could be found to be semiaquatic (Chen 2003; Fu & Ballantyne in prep.). There are however no records to suggest these species are actively predacious like P. qingyu. Chen (2003) recorded L. terminalis as terrestrial, the adults occurring close to rice fields, while L. praeusta was found alongside mountain roads in an environment that approaches that of Pygoluciola qingyu with larvae recorded as terrestrial. Fletcher (1919: 28) found L. gorhami in Pusa India under fallen and rotting leaves, indicated it fed only on dead Lepismidae (Thysanura), and would not touch living food. Mehta (1932) considered the spinose tergal plates equated with a burrowing mode of life.Published as part of Fu, Xinhua, Ballantyne, Lesley & Lambkin, Christine, 2012, The external larval morphology of aquatic and terrestrial Luciolinae fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 1-34 in Zootaxa 3405 on page 20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21130
Globally Stable Robust Tracking of Nonlinear Systems Using Variable Structure Control and with an Application to a Robotic Manipulator
No full text
EpCAM Aptamer Activated 5-FU-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles in CRC Treatment; In vitro and In vivo study
No full textIn this study, EpCAM aptamer-activated nanoparticles (Ap-NPs) were synthesized to enhance treatment efficiency in colorectal cancer (CRC). PLGA [poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide)] copolymer was fabricated by conjugation of COOH-PEG-NH2 to PLGA-COOH through an EDC/NHS-mediated chemistry. Afterward, 5‐fluorouracil-loaded (FU) nanoparticles were prepared using the water/oil/water double emulsion solvent evaporation method. The in vitro cytotoxicity of formulations was evaluated using the MTT assay in HCT-116, CT-26, and HEK-293 cell lines. For in vivo study, tumor-bearing BALB/c mice were established by subcutaneous injection of CT-26 cell line. The results indicated that fabricated AP-FU-NPs had 101 nm size with a spherical surface, relatively homogeneously and, satisfactory encapsulation efficiency (83.93%). In vitro experiments revealed that Ap-FU-NPs had a superior in vitro cytotoxicity than both FU-NPs and free 5-FU in CT-26 and HCT-116 cells but, were significantly low toxic against HEK-293 cells relative to free 5-FU. Furthermore, in vivo results showed no significant hemolytic effect, hepatic and renal injury, or weight loss. After treatment of various animal groups with formulations, notable tumor growth delay was observed followed the order: Ap-FU-NPs The overall strategy of this study is summarized in Graphical Abstract. The present study was carried out in the three steps summarized: 1) synthesis and characterization. At first, PEG was conjugated to PLGA polymers by EDC/NHS chemistry method, then the resulting polymers were used to prepare PLGA-PEG NPs via the W/O/W technique. Finally, EpCAM Aptamers were attached to fabricated NPs. 2) In the second step cytotoxicity of formulated NPs was evaluated in vitro experiments in HEK-293, CT-26, and HCT-116 cell lines. 3) In the third step in vitro results further was investigated in CT-26 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. “Created with BioRender.com.”</p
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