448 research outputs found
Caudal regulates the spatiotemporal dynamics of pair-rule waves in Tribolium
No full textIn the short-germ beetle Tribolium castaneum, waves of pair-rule gene expression propagate from the posterior end of the embryo towards the anterior and eventually freeze into stable stripes, partitioning the anterior-posterior axis into segments. Similar waves in vertebrates are assumed to arise due to the modulation of a molecular clock by a posterior-to-anterior frequency gradient. However, neither a molecular candidate nor a functional role has been identified to date for such a frequency gradient, either in vertebrates or elsewhere. Here we provide evidence that the posterior gradient of Tc-caudal expression regulates the oscillation frequency of pair-rule gene expression in Tribolium. We show this by analyzing the spatiotemporal dynamics of Tc-even-skipped expression in strong and mild knockdown of Tc-caudal, and by correlating the extension, level and slope of the Tc-caudal expression gradient to the spatiotemporal dynamics of Tc-even-skipped expression in wild type as well as in different RNAi knockdowns of Tc-caudal regulators. Further, we show that besides its absolute importance for stripe generation in the static phase of the Tribolium blastoderm, a frequency gradient might serve as a buffer against noise during axis elongation phase in Tribolium as well as vertebrates. Our results highlight the role of frequency gradients in pattern formation
Grassroots Participation and Repression under Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping
No full textThis study examines changes in grassroots participation and repression under the Chinese leaders Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping. Under Xi, the Party-state has launched political campaigns against a range of grassroots activists and organizations. This entails a shift in state repression from fragmentation to consolidation, and it has resulted in less room for contentious participation. However, institutionalized political participation—activities by ordinary people aimed at changing government behavior through official channels—has persisted. The Hu administration presided over the development of new institutions of public participation, and there is little evidence for their decay. Despite important breaks from the past under Xi, there are noteworthy continuities in the institutions that enable grassroots participation
KEBIJAKAN BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE (BRI) TIONGKOK PADA MASA PEMERINTAHAN XI JINPING. AUTHOR: Syaiful Anam, Ristiyani Ristiyani
No full textKEBIJAKAN BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE (BRI) TIONGKOK PADA MASA PEMERINTAHAN XI JINPING
Syaiful Anam, Ristiyani Ristiyan
Вклад неоднородного строения литосферы в ожидаемый поток геонейтрино в области детектора JinPing (Сычуань, Китай)
No full textВыпускная квалификационная работа посвящена решению прямой задачи метода геонейтрино на примере строящегося детектора JinPing (Китай). Даны теоретические основы метода геонейтрино, указаны цели его применения, плюсы и минусы, проведен анализ существующих моделей для расчета геонейтринного сигнала. Автор применяет методику расчета геонейтринного потока, отличную от опубликованных в литературе, основанную на представлении геологических тел в виде сфероидов. В результате рассчитан предполагаемый геонейтринный поток для модели геологического строения, радиусом 200 км, для различных моделей локальной коры и верхней мантии. Проведен анализ результатов и выбрана оптимальная модель локальной коры, значение геонейтринного потока для которой оценивается как 24,34 ±5,41 TNU. Проанализированы перспективы применения метода.This work is dedicated to solving direct problem of geoneutrino method for JinPing neutrino detector (China). Some theoretical aspects, advantsges and disadvantages of the method are given. Author uses new methodology - modelling geological objects as spherical bodies for geoneutrino flux prediction. As a result geoneutrino flux for JinPing detector was counted. Author made different models for local crust and upper mantle, made an analysis of them and chose the optimal one. Geoneutrino flux for this modell was esimated as 24.34 ±5.41 TNU. As a conclusion, some perspectives of geoneutrino method were given
sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X221147363 - Supplemental material for Cerebral blood flow regulates iron overload in the cerebral nuclei of hemodialysis patients with anemia
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X221147363 for Cerebral blood flow regulates iron overload in the cerebral nuclei of hemodialysis patients with anemia by Huiying Wang, Chao Chai, Gemuer Wu, Jinping Li, Chenxi Zhao, Dingwei Fu, Shengtong Zhang, Huapeng Wang, Beini Wang, Jinxia Zhu, Wen Shen, Shuang Xia in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism</p
Asymmetrically expressed axin required for anterior development in Tribolium
No full textCanonical Wnt signaling has been implicated in an AP axis polarizing mechanism in most animals, despite limited evidence from arthropods. In the long-germ insect, Drosophila, Wnt signaling is not required for global AP patterning, but in short-germ insects including Tribolium castaneum, loss of Wnt signaling affects development of segments in the growth zone but not those defined in the blastoderm. To determine the effects of ectopic Wnt signaling, we analyzed the expression and function of axin, which encodes a highly conserved negative regulator of the pathway. We found Tc-axin transcripts maternally localized to the anterior pole in freshly laid eggs. Expression spread toward the posterior pole during the early cleavage stages, becoming ubiquitous by the time the germ rudiment formed. Tc-axin RNAi produced progeny phenotypes that ranged from mildly affected embryos with cuticles displaying a graded loss of anterior structures, to defective embryos that condensed at the posterior pole in the absence of serosa. Altered expression domains of several blastodermal markers indicated anterior expansion of posterior fates. Analysis of other canonical Wnt pathway components and the expansion of Tc-caudal expression, a Wnt target, suggest that the effects of Tc-axin depletion are mediated through this pathway and that Wnt signaling must be inhibited for proper anterior development in Tribolium. These studies provide unique evidence that canonical Wnt signaling must be carefully regulated along the AP axis in an arthropod, and support an ancestral role for Wnt activity in defining AP polarity and patterning in metazoan development
Xi Jinping–Style Control and Civil Society Responses
No full textThis is a policy report, published by the China Leadership Monitor (Hoover Institution)On the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, grassroots civil society is in trouble. Democracy advocates in Hong Kong are being handcuffed while rights activists in the Mainland are pre-emptively smothered. Xi Jinping-style control over civil society entails a three-pronged strategy to transform civil society into a more palatable sector. The first prong of this strategy is tightening regulation of both domestic and international civil society. The second is to crack down on grassroots organizations. The third is to deepen party control over all of civil society. As a result, while some rights advocacy organizations have disappeared altogether under this rule, others have learned to adapt. A new strategy for engaging civil society actors in both mainland China and Hong Kong is needed. In pivoting from Trump’s isolationism to Biden’s multilateralism, it will also be important for the U.S. to work with its allies to help build the infrastructure for people-to-people exchanges with China.This work was sponsored by the Wilson Center
Alloxiphidiopsis emarginata Tinkham 1944
No full text2. Alloxiphidiopsis emarginata (Tinkham, 1944) Xiphidiopsis emarginata, Tinkham, 1944. Proc. U. S. National Museum., 94: 526; Otte, 1997, Orthoptera Species File, 7. Tettigonioidea: 92. Alloxiphidiopsis emarginata, Liu & Zhang, 2007, Zootaxa, 1581: 39; Eades & Otte, 2010, Orthoptera Species File Online. Version 2.0/ 3.5. Material examined. 13, Mengla, Yunnan, 30 July, 2006, collected by Hao-Yu Liu; 131 Ƥ, Jinping, Yunnan, 23 July, 2006, collected by Fu-Ming Shi; 335 Ƥ, Chishui, Guizhou, 21 September, 2000, collected by Fu- Ming Shi; 335 Ƥ, Xishui, 25–28 September, 2000, collected by Fu-Ming Shi; 836 Ƥ, Libo, Guizhou, 16–23 August, 2000, collected by Fu-Ming Shi; 83, Wangmo, Guizhou, 3 August, 2000, collected by Fu-Ming Shi; 13, Wufeng, Hubei, 18 August, 2002, collected by Yan-Lin Chang; 13310 Ƥ, Nandan, Guangxi, 26 July, 2006, collected by Fu-Ming Shi and Shao-Li Mao. Distribution. China (Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan).Published as part of Shi, Fu-Ming & Li, Rui-Lian, 2010, Remarks on the genus Alloxiphidiopsis Liu & Zhang, 2007 (Orthoptera, Meconematinae) from Yunnan, China, pp. 63-68 in Zootaxa 2605 on page 64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19764
Relações bilaterais sino-sul coreanas na época de Xi Jinping
No full textA China e a Coreia do Sul têm um passado histórico milenar com momentos altos e baixos. Com a guerra da Península da Coreia na década de 50 os dois países terminaram com as relações diplomáticas, só sendo estabelecidas em 1992, contudo nunca foram próximas uma vez que ambas tinham ideologias políticas diferentes. Em 2013,com a subida de Xi Jinping na China e Park Geun-hye na Coreia do Sul, as relações aproximam-se, contudo esta estabilidade dura apenas três anos quando a Coreia do Sul, de forma a defender-se dos testes nucleares norte coreanos instala um sistema norte-americano denominado por Defesa Terminal de Área de Alta Altitude (THHAD), com receio de ter a sua segurança nacional em causa devido ao aproximamento geográfico a China inicia um conjunto de retaliações “seletivas” para com a Coreia do Sul de forma a mostrar o seu descontentamento.
O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar quais os fatores que afetam as relações bilaterais sino-sul coreanas desde a chegada de Xi Jinping ao poder.
Nessa ótica o autor recorreu ao método qualitativo, a características do método quantitativo e ao método descritivo de forma a responder às suas questões de partida.China and South Korea have a millenary historical past with ups and downs. With the war on the Korean Peninsula in the 50s, the two countries ended diplomatic relations, only being established in 1992, however they were never close since both had different political ideologies. In 2013, with the rise of Xi Jinping in China and Park Geun-hye in South Korea, relations got closer, however this stability lasts only three years when South Korea, in order to defend themselves from North Korean nuclear tests, installs a north american system called Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD), fearful of having it´s national security at stake due to geographical approximation, China initiates a set of "selective" retaliations against South Korea in order to show their displeasure.
The objective of this work is to verify the factors that affect the Sino-South Korean bilateral relations since the arrival of Xi Jinping to power.
In this perspective, the author resorted to the qualitative method, characteristics of the quantitative method and the descriptive method in order to answer his starting questions.Mestrado em Estudos Chinese
The Tribolium castaneum cell line TcA: a new tool kit for cell biology
No full textThe red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, is an agriculturally important insect pest that has been widely used as a model organism. Recently, an adherent cell line (BCIRL-TcA-CLG1 or TcA) was developed from late pupae of the red flour beetle. Next generation transcriptome sequencing of TcA cells demonstrated expression of a wide variety of genes associated with specialized functions in chitin metabolism, immune responses and cellular and systemic RNAi pathways. Accordingly, we evaluated the sensitivity of TcA cells to dsRNA to initiate an RNAi response. TcA cells were highly sensitive to minute amounts of dsRNA, with a minimum effective dose of 100 pg/mL resulting in significant suppression of gene expression. We have also developed a plasmid containing two TcA-specific promoters, the promoter from the 40S ribosomal protein subunit (TC006550) and a bi-directional heat shock promoter (TcHS70) from the intergenic space between heat shock proteins 68a and b. These promoters have been employed to provide high levels of either constitutive (TC006550) or inducible (TcHS70) gene expression of the reporter proteins. Our results show that the TcA cell line, with its sensitivity to RNAi and functional TcA-specific promoters, is an invaluable resource for studying basic molecular and physiological questions
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