1,328 research outputs found
Transcriptome Analysis of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) by Paired-End RNA Sequencing
No full textThe silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) is among the most intensively pond-cultured fish species and is used in the wild to counteract water bloom in China. However, little genomic information is available for this species, especially regarding its ability to grow rapidly in water, even water contaminated with high concentrations of poisonous microcystin. In this study, we performed de novo transcriptome assembly and analysis of the 17.10 million short-read sequences produced by the Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. Using an improved multiple k-mer contig assembly method coupled with further scaffolding, 85 759 sequences were obtained. There were 23 044 sequences annotated with 3423 gene ontology terms for 104 196 term occurrences and the three corresponding organizing principles. A total of 38 200 assembled sequences were involved in 218 predicted Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes metabolic pathways. We also recovered 41 of 44 genes involved in the biosynthesis of glutathione. Of these, five genes were identified as experienced positive selection between silver carp and zebrafish, as determined by the likelihood ratio test. This report is the first annotated review of the silver carp transcriptome. These data will be of interest to researchers investigating the evolution and biological processes of the silver carp. This work also provides an archive for future studies of recent speciation and evolution of Cyprinidae fishes and can be used in comparative studies of other fishes.The silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) is among the most intensively pond-cultured fish species and is used in the wild to counteract water bloom in China. However, little genomic information is available for this species, especially regarding its ability to grow rapidly in water, even water contaminated with high concentrations of poisonous microcystin. In this study, we performed de novo transcriptome assembly and analysis of the 17.10 million short-read sequences produced by the Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. Using an improved multiple k-mer contig assembly method coupled with further scaffolding, 85 759 sequences were obtained. There were 23 044 sequences annotated with 3423 gene ontology terms for 104 196 term occurrences and the three corresponding organizing principles. A total of 38 200 assembled sequences were involved in 218 predicted Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes metabolic pathways. We also recovered 41 of 44 genes involved in the biosynthesis of glutathione. Of these, five genes were identified as experienced positive selection between silver carp and zebrafish, as determined by the likelihood ratio test. This report is the first annotated review of the silver carp transcriptome. These data will be of interest to researchers investigating the evolution and biological processes of the silver carp. This work also provides an archive for future studies of recent speciation and evolution of Cyprinidae fishes and can be used in comparative studies of other fishes
Die Ermittlung der Einstellwerte fuer die Entwicklung des fotothermoplastischen Filmes in der EM-TPC und FU-TPC
No full textZiel der beschriebenen experimentellen Untersuchungen ist es, die thermische Entwicklung des fotothermoplastischen Filmes in der EM-TPC und FU-TPC (TPC=Thermoplastic Camera, EM=Engineering Model, FU=Flight Unit) bei Verwendung unterschiedlicher Heizplaettchenwiderstaende durch die Ermittlung korrespondierender Widerstandswerte der Potentiometer zu optimieren. Ein weiteres Anliegen dieser Untersuchungen ist es, den Zusammenhang zwischen Heizplaettchenwiderstand, Potentiometereinstellung und Beugungswirkungsgrad fuer beide Anlagen in einer graphischen Darstellung sichtbar zu machen. (orig.)The objective of the experimental investigations described is to optimize thermal development of the photothermoplastic film in the EM-TPC and FU-TPC (TPC=Thermoplastic Camera, EM=Engineering Model, FU=Flight Unit) by using different heating plate resistances and determining the corresponding resistance values of the potentiometers. Another objective of these investigations is to visualize the interrelationship between heating plate resistance, potentiometer setting and diffraction efficiency for both systems in a graphic presentation. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RN 4165(1992,2) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman
The rapid generation of chimerical genes expanding protein diversity in zebrafish
No full textBackground: Variation of gene number among species indicates that there is a general process of new gene origination. One of the major mechanism providing raw materials for the origin of new genes is gene duplication. Retroposition, as a special type of gene duplication-the RNA-based duplication, has been found to play an important role in new gene evolution in mammals and plants, but little is known about the process in the teleostei genome. Results: Here we screened the zebrafish genome for identification of retrocopies and new chimerical retrogenes and investigated their origination and evolution. We identified 652 retrocopies, of which 440 are intact retrogenes and 212 are pseudogenes. Retrocopies have long been considered evolutionary dead ends without functional significance due to the presumption that retrocopies lack the regulatory element needed for expression. However, 437 transcribed retrocopies were identified from all of the retrocopies. This discovery combined with the substitution analysis suggested that the majority of all retrocopies are subject to negative selection, indicating that most of the retrocopies may be functional retrogenes. Moreover, we found that 95 chimerical retrogenes had recruited new sequences from neighboring genomic regions that formed de novo splice sites, thus generating new intron-containing chimeric genes. Based on our analysis of 38 pairs of orthologs between Cyprinus carpio and Danio rerio, we found that the synonymous substitution rate of zebrafish genes is 4.13x10(-9) substitution per silent site per year. We also found 10 chimerical retrogenes that were created in the last 10 million years, which is 7.14 times the rate of 0.14 chimerical retrogenes per million years in the primate lineage toward human and 6.25 times the rate of 0.16 chimerical genes per million years in Drosophila. This is among the most rapid rates of generation of chimerical genes, just next to the rice. Conclusion: There is compelling evidence that much of the extensive transcriptional activity of retrogenes does not represent transcriptional "noise" but indicates the functionality of these retrogenes. Our results indicate that retroposition created a large amount of new genes in the zebrafish genome, which has contributed significantly to the evolution of the fish genome
Consens der fürnemsten, beide alten vnnd newen Historienschreiber, auch Medicorum, von etlichen köstlichen hochnötigen frembden Artzneien, vnd erstlichen, von der rechten warhafften Mumia, vnnd dergleichen Materialien, im heiligen Lande, auch in Arabia und Egypten gebreuchlichen : welcher Gestalt allhier jetzo zu schawen ist ... /
No full textWoodcut of an Egyptian mummy on last p.The Latin ed. was published at Frankfurt in the same year by Nikolaus Basse; see VD 16.Printer's name from colophon.VD 16Mode of access: Internet.In Library's copy the author's initials on the t.p. have been expanded in MS to: Joach. Strüppe von Gelhausen.Binding: green paper wrappers. Author, brief title and date written on front cover
Development of 159 transcript-associated microsatellite markers in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)
No full textThe natural populations of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) have been declining due to habitat fragmentation, over-fishing and water pollution in China. In this study, 159 transcript-associated microsatellites were developed for silver carp by mining transcriptome sequences, and polymorphism of 27 randomly selected loci were further characterized in a wild population. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 9, the observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.067 to 0.933 and 0.326 to 0.864, respectively. These novel microsatellite markers will be powerful tools to assess the population structure and genetic diversity in silver carp.The natural populations of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) have been declining due to habitat fragmentation, over-fishing and water pollution in China. In this study, 159 transcript-associated microsatellites were developed for silver carp by mining transcriptome sequences, and polymorphism of 27 randomly selected loci were further characterized in a wild population. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 9, the observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.067 to 0.933 and 0.326 to 0.864, respectively. These novel microsatellite markers will be powerful tools to assess the population structure and genetic diversity in silver carp
„Ich kleb’ dir eine“ Experimentelle Untersuchung von adhäsiven Haftpads
No full textDer Beitrag beschreibt, wie ein Haftpad (auch bekannt als Anti-Rutsch-Pad oder Klebepad) in Bezug auf seine Haftkraft sowie die Mechanismen seiner Haftung untersucht werden kann. Dabei werden verschiedener Experimente und (Rasterkraft-) mikroskopische Untersuchungen vorgestellt. Es zeigt sich, dass eine experimentelle Bestimmung der Haftkraft schwierig ist, da sie von sehr vielen Parametern abhängt. Die Messunsicherheiten sind daher groß. Die maximale Haftkraft liegt im Bereich von 20 N/cm² (Plexiglas) bzw. 10 N/cm² (Aluminium). Die Untersuchungen legen den Schluss nahe, dass für die Haftung einerseits der Luftdruck und andererseits die van-der-Waals-Kräfte ursächlich sind und beide in vergleichbarer Größenordnung liegen.
Über die experimentellen Erkenntnisse hinausgehend wird auch eine mögliche Eignung des Haftpads als Thema für den Physikunterricht diskutiert. Dafür spricht, dass das Thema authentisch und anspruchsvoll ist und Raum für unterschiedliche Lösungswege bietet. Bei der unterrichtlichen Umsetzungen sollten aber die großen Messunsicherheiten und die Schwierigkeit eines stabilen experimentellen Aufbaus mit bedacht werden
Opbouw van een tweedraadslljn met naukeurig regelbare echo-demping door verandering van de reflecties aan de beide uiteinden
No full textIn een intercontinentaal telefooncircuit ontstaan echo's door onjuiste afsluiting der tweedraads einden. Deze echo's hebben een lange looptijd. Om niet hinderlijk te zijn moeten zij sterk gedempt worden. Dit kan geschieden in het tweedraads einde door middel van een impedantietransparante versterker als echo onderdrukker. Dit type versterker bezit in de twee richtingen waarin hij versterkt verschillende frequentie karakteristieken, beide karakteristieken vertonen een sterk slingerend verloop. De invloed van de echo onderdrukker op de verstaanbaarheid, uitgaande van verschillende echo-demping, dient onderzocht te worden. Hier is een circuit voor nodig waarmee men sprekers- en luisteraarsecho kan horen. In dit circuit moet men de echo-demping nauwkeurig kunnen regelen, en de echolooptijd dient bekend te zijn.Applied SciencesElectrotechniekTransmissie van Informati
"Heritage forming part of a limited liability company the capital of management to the acceptance of the inheritance"
No full textMantojuma masā ietilpstošo Sabiedrības ar ierobežotu atbildību kapitāla daļu pārvaldības regulējums ir nepilnīgs un vispārināts. Bakalaura darba mērķis ir analizēt būtiskākos prolēmjautājumus, kas saistīti ar mantojuma masā ietilpstošo Sabiedrības ar ierobežotu atbildību pamatkapitāla daļu pārvaldību līdz mantojuma pieņemšanai. Mērķa sasniegšanai autore pēta, kā tiek īstenota mantojuma masā ietilpstošo kapitāla daļu pārvaldība, salīdzina mantojuma kā dalībnieka tiesības un pienākumus pretstatā citu dalībnieku tiesībām un pienākumiem, kā arī noskaidro mantinieku, dalībnieku un mantojuma pārvaldnieka iespējamo rīcību to tiesību neievērošanas gadījumos.
Pēc darba tēmas izpētes autore izvirzījusi vairākus secinājumus un piedāvā savus problēmjautājumu risinājumus, atbilstoši Sabiedrības ar ierobežotu atbildību kapitāla daļu pārvaldīšanas mērķim – mantojuma saglabāšanai.Heritage mass within the limited liability company with shares management framework is incomplete and generalized. Bachelor thesis is to analyze the key challenges that are related to the succession mass within the limited liability company share capital of the management to the acceptance of the inheritance. To achieve this goal, the author explores the implementation of the succession mass part of the capital of management, compares heritage as the rights and obligations of the parties as opposed to other rights and obligations as well as to identify the heirs of participants and Heritage Manager possible actions for the rights of non-compliance cases. Following the theme of research the author has put forward a number of conclusions and offer solutions to their challenges, according to the limited liability company shares management purpose – heritage conservation
Unternehmensarchitekturen in der Praxis - Architekturdesign am Reißbrett vs. Situationsbedingte Realisierung von Informationssystemen
No full textein Instrument zur Einschätzung von Praktikumsqualität – Skriptqualität
No full textUm naturwissenschaftliche Experimentierpraktika verlässlich evaluieren zu
können, wurde an der FU Berlin der PraQ-Fragebogen entwickelt. Dieses
Instrument dient der fächerübergreifenden Qualitätssicherung von Laborpraktika
und befindet sich derzeit in der Validierungsphase. Als Teil des
Validierungsprozesses wurden die Teilskalen »Skriptqualität für die
Versuchsvorbereitung« und »allgemeine Skriptqualität« in einer quantitativen
Studie mit Studierenden und ExpertInnen untersucht. Für beide Skalen konnte so
erfolgreich eine Inhaltsvalidierung vorgenommen werden. Bezüglich der
Konstruktvalidität lieferten die Ergebnisse Hinweise auf mögliche
Optimierungen im weiteren Entwicklungsprozess
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