56,616 research outputs found
Application of the phytomass and elemental stock model "PhytoCalc" under clear-cut conditions
No full textThis study's objective was to check the applicability of the phytomass and elemental stock model "PhytoCalc" under clear-cut conditions. Two model versions were consulted, focussing upon 4 widespread and biomass-rich species at small clear-cuts within even-aged Picea abies stands in central German highlands and 1 appropriate species within them: Oxalis acetosella L., Digitalis purpurea L., Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Drejer, Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn and Rubus idaeus L. Both PhytoCalc versions failed at clear-cut sites for now, because the balances of energy, matter and water, influencing the understorey phytomass here, are significantly different compared to the forest stand. Liming effects, deviations in harvesting time and user bias were found to be possible sources of error as well as the determination of the 2 simple model parameters ground coverage and mean shoot length can be challenging in some special cases. Nevertheless, PhytoCalc was found to be an easy, cheap and fast approach that should be chased further one to obtain dry weight and elemental stocks of understorey phytomass. So e. g. the model seems to be applicable for wooden species of low height too, as shown with juvenile, up to I m high Picea abies. The calibrations efforts should now first focus on reliable functions for dry weight even under extreme conditions like clear-cuts for as much species as possible.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [ME 2078/1-1
Application of the phytomass and elemental stock model "PhytoCalc" under clear-cut conditions
No full textThis study's objective was to check the applicability of the phytomass and elemental stock model "PhytoCalc" under clear-cut conditions. Two model versions were consulted, focussing upon 4 widespread and biomass-rich species at small clear-cuts within even-aged Picea abies stands in central German highlands and 1 appropriate species within them: Oxalis acetosella L., Digitalis purpurea L., Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Drejer, Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn and Rubus idaeus L. Both PhytoCalc versions failed at clear-cut sites for now, because the balances of energy, matter and water, influencing the understorey phytomass here, are significantly different compared to the forest stand. Liming effects, deviations in harvesting time and user bias were found to be possible sources of error as well as the determination of the 2 simple model parameters ground coverage and mean shoot length can be challenging in some special cases. Nevertheless, PhytoCalc was found to be an easy, cheap and fast approach that should be chased further one to obtain dry weight and elemental stocks of understorey phytomass. So e. g. the model seems to be applicable for wooden species of low height too, as shown with juvenile, up to I m high Picea abies. The calibrations efforts should now first focus on reliable functions for dry weight even under extreme conditions like clear-cuts for as much species as possible.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [ME 2078/1-1
Anacroneuria flintorum Froehlich
No full text<i>Anacroneuria flintorum</i> Froehlich <p> <i>Anacroneuria flintorum</i> Froehlich, 2002: 93; Bispo & Froehlich 2004a: 99; Froehlich, 2010: 56.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Brazil, RJ, PNI: 1 male, Rio Campo Belo, Trilha do Véu da Noiva, 05.iii.2002, RWH, RJB, ALP, HP; 2 males, Rio Campo Belo, 7.iii.2002, RWH, RJB, ALP, HP; 1 male, Rio Campo Belo, 23.xi.2001, RWH, RJB, HP, Neto. BR, RJ, Engenheiro Passos, 4 males, BR-485, km-11 Hotel Fazenda Palmital, 26.iv.2007, JAR & F.F. Xavier.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> This species was described by Froehlich (2002) based on a single specimen collected in Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro State. In the specimens studied above, the mean length of the forewings of the males is 11.25 mm (10–12 mm) and females 16 mm (15–17 mm). <i>Anacroneuria flintorum</i> has been recorded in streams of the mountainous regions of southeastern and southern Brazil (Froehlich, 2002; Bispo & Froehlich, 2004a). This brown species exhibits much variability in color pattern (Bispo & Froehlich, 2004a). However, the penial armature of all specimens examined is elongated and has hooks well separated from the vesicles, agreeing with the original description of <i>A. flintorum</i> (Froehlich, 2002).</p>Published as part of <i>Baldin, Carolina, Bispo, Pitágoras Da Conceição & Novaes, Marcos Carneiro, 2013, New species and records of Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, pp. 391-397 in Zootaxa 3694 (4)</i> on page 394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3694.4.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/218197">http://zenodo.org/record/218197</a>
Guaranyperla guapiara Froehlich 2001
No full text<i>Guaranyperla guapiara</i> Froehlich, 2001 * <p>Froehlich 2001:378. Froehlich 2010: 134.</p> <p> <b>Material examined. Brazil. Rio de Janeiro, Teresópolis,</b> Rio Paquequer, 11.i.1990, 6n (DZRJ 2280); 13.iv.1991, 1n (DZRJ 2347), N. Ferreira, Jr; 20.vii.1991, 3n (DZRJ 2725); 17.v.2009, 1n (DZRJ 1953); 21.vii.2000, 1n (DZRJ 311), 1n (DZRJ 312); 28.v.2007, 6n (DZRJ 2351), J. L. Nessimian. Rio Paquequer, Cachoeira do Coreto, 14.xii.2009, 1n (DZRJ 2128), E. R. Silva. Cachoeira do Véu da Noiva, 27.viii.1999, 3n (DZRJ 2091), E. R. Silva. Poço da Ponte Preta. 27.viii.1999. 6n (DZRJ 2101); 03.vii.2000. 1n (DZRJ 2110); 14.iii.2000. 1n (DZRJ 2116); E. R. Silva. Rio Beija-Flor, 19.vii.2000, 2n (DZRJ 795), J. L. Nessimian. Rio Varginha, 20.vii.2000, 1n (DZRJ 797), J. L. Nessimian. Rio Paquequer. x.2011. 1Ƥ (DZRJ 3472). D. M. Takiya.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> In the present study, numerous nymphs were found but only one adult female was collected. <i>Guaranyperla</i> is an endemic southeastern Brazilian genus with three known species. The nymphs examined from Teresópolis were positively associated with a recently emerged female of <i>G. guapiara</i> Froehlich 2001 collected in the field and preserved with its exuviae. This specimen exhibits identical setal patterns of the body, antenna, and cerci as illustrated by Froehlich (2001).</p> <p> <b>Distribution. BR.</b> Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro [<b>New Record</b>], São Paulo, and Espírito Santo.</p>Published as part of <i>Avelino-Capistrano, Fernanda & Nessimian, Jorge Luiz, 2013, A new species and new records of Gripopterygidae (Plecoptera) from the Serra dos Orgãos, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, pp. 185-191 in Zootaxa 3683 (2)</i> on page 186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3683.2.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/222250">http://zenodo.org/record/222250</a>
Gusana E. M. Froehlich 1978
No full textGUSANA E.M. FROEHLICH, 1978 Ty p e s p e c i e s: G e o p l a n a c r u c i a t a G r a f f, 1 8 9 9, designated by E. M. Froehlich (1978). Neae diagnosis: Gusanini with body colour pattern with cross-banding; creeping sole broad, with more than half the body width. Sensory border wide, around the anterior tip. Cutaneous musculature thickness relative to body height at the pre-pharyngeal region ranges between 16 and 24%. Testes dorsally located. Male atrium large. Penis papilla of small intra-antral type. Female canal enters ventrally. Without adhesive musculoglandular organs and sensory papillae. Copulatory apparatus without adenodactyls. Distribution: As for that of the tribe. Remarks on Gusanini: This monogeneric tribe includes six species of Gusana (Almeida et al., 2022). This genus was recovered as a clade in Geoplaninae by Almeida et al. (2022), and also in this paper. Gusana was erected by E. M. Froehlich (1978) and re-diagnosed by Ogren & Kawakatusu (1990) and Almeida et al. (2022). The tribe is diagnosed herein by a set of diagnostic features of Gusana herein elevated to the tribe level. Therefore, the diagnosis of Gusana is shortened.Published as part of Almeida, Ana Laura, Álvarez-Presas, Marta & Carbayo, Fernando, 2023, The discovery of new Chilean taxa revolutionizes the systematics of Geoplaninae Neotropical land planarians (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida), pp. 837-898 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197 (4) on page 859, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac072, http://zenodo.org/record/781397
Gripopteryx japi Lecci & Froehlich, 2011, n. sp.
No full textGripopteryx japi n. sp. (Figs. 7–8) Type material. Holotype male: BRAZIL, São Paulo, Jundiaí. Parque Florestal Serra do Japi, Riacho da Cachoeira do Paraíso (23 ° 14 ’ 33 ”S / 46 ° 57 ’03”W, 1025m a.s.l.), 22.ii. 2007, light trap, Lecci, L.S. and Nascimento, E. Paratypes. 1 female, same data as holotype; 1 male, same data as holotype except for: 26–27.iii. 2007, Calor, A.R., Mariano, R. and Lecci, L.S.; 1 male, 3 females, 2 exuviae, same data as holotype except for: 27–29.viii. 2007, light trap and entomological net, Lecci, L.S., Moretto, R.A. and Nascimento, E. Additional Material. São Paulo, Jundiaí. Parque Florestal Serra do Japi, Riacho da Cachoeira do Paraíso (23 ° 14 ’ 33 ”S / 46 ° 57 ’03”W, 1025m: a.l.s.), 5 nymphs, 29.iv. 2007, Lecci, L.S. and Nascimento, E.; 3 nymphs, 2 exuviae, same data except for: 27–29.viii. 2007, Lecci, L.S., Moretto, R.A. and Nascimento, E. Diagnostic characters. This new species differ from their congeners by the male having sternum 9 forming a broad subgenital plate, its apex extending halfway across sternum 10; paraproct relatively thin, simple, apex rounded; female with a subgenital plate with a small, apical indentation and apex of paraprocts broadly rounded; nymphal pronotum with a pair of short spines, meso– and metanotum with paired anterolateral and unpaired posterior small spines; abdominal terga 1–9 with small spines and tergum 10 with a long ventrally curved spine that is longer than the gills. Description. General color light brown. Parietalia brown, a little granulose; strip along border of eyes smooth, light brown; scape and pedicel of antennae brown, flagellum mostly light brown. Epicranial line light brown (Fig. 7 a). Pronotum light brown, margins and rugosities darker. A pair of small elevations on disc. Meso– and metanotum light brown, with a longitudinal yellowish median band, pleura brownish. Femora with a light brown band ventrally. Anterior and posterior ends of tibiae with brown bands. Tarsi light brown. Forewing a little spotted, venation light brown, pterostigmatic crossveins absent. Hindwings pale brown. Male. Abdominal segments 2–7 membranous, 8–10 with weakly sclerotized terga. Sternum 9 forms a broad subgenital plate, apex extending on half of sternum 10 (fig. 7 d). Tergum 10 triangular, (Fig. 7 b). Paraproct relatively thin, simple, apex rounded (Fig. 7 c and 7 d); epiproct with small teeth (Fig. 7 e). Cerci brownish. Width of head, 1.01–1.08mm; length of forewing, 13.0– 14.4 mm; number of cercomeres 24–25. Female. Abdominal terga and sterna 1–7 membranous. Sternum 8 forms a broad subgenital plate with a small, apical indentation (Fig. 8 a, 8 b and 8 c). Apex of paraprocts broadly rounded (Fig. 7 b and 8 c). Sternum 9 sclerotized. Tergum 10 with a small, apical projection (Fig. 8 a). Width of head, 1.10–1.27 mm; length of forewing 15.6–17.8 mm; cerci damaged. Nymph. General color dark brown. Antennae light brown. Pronotum brown, irregular, with a pair of discal elevations and a pair of small spines at the posterior corners. Meso– and metanotum with paired anterolateral and unpaired posterolateral small spines (Fig. 8 d). Abdominal terga 1–9 with small spines; tergum 10 with a long ventrally curved spine (Fig. 8 d). Measurements: last instar, male, width of head 0.7–0.8 mm, length of body 8.9 –9.0 mm, length of antennae 11.4–12.3 mm, length of cerci 10.7 –13.0 mm; females: width of head 1.4–1.5 mm, length of body 12.1–12.3 mm, length of antennae 12.1–12.3 mm, length of cerci 8.8–9.3 mm. Remarks. G. j a p i n. sp. is a medium sized, light brown species. Nymphs are found in running water, living on rocks covered with aquatic mosses. The distribution of thoracic and abdominal spines is similar to those of G. l i a n a Froehlich. In G. j a p i, however, the tergum 10 spine is longer than the gills; the other abdominal spines are also slightly longer. The paraprocts of the adult male are similar to those of G. c o r u j a Froehlich 1993, but the paraprocts of G. japi n. sp. are more slender apically and slightly wider basally; the subgenital plate does not touch the paraproct bases. Etymology. The name japi refers to Serra do Japi, the locality where this species was collected. The name is a noun in apposition.Published as part of Lecci, Lucas Silveira & Froehlich, Claudio Gilberto, 2011, Taxonomic revision of Gripopteryx (Pictet, 1841) (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae), pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 2792 on pages 13-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27697
Magnetic monopoles and charged states in four-dimensional abelian lattice gauge theories.
No full textWe construct physical states of arbitrary magnetic charge for the U(1)4 lattice gauge theory and electrically charged states for the four-dimensional, noncompact Abelian Higgs model, or spinor QED, in the massless QED phase of these models. We discuss the infraparticle structure of monopoles and charged particles and show that, in the continuum limit (if it exists), the Lorentz group cannot be implemented unitarily on charged sectors
Gripopteryx maculosa Jewett 1960
No full textGripopteryx maculosa Jewett, 1960 (Fig. 5) Gripopteryx maculosa Jewett, 1960, p. 171. Gripopteryx maculosa — Illies, 1963, p. 156. Gripopteryx maculosa — Froehlich, 1993, p. 24. Gripopteryx maculosa — Froehlich, 2010, p 133. Material examined. Holotype male: BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, Petrópolis, LeVallon – Alto Mosela: iii. 1957, Dalcy Albuquerque. Allotype female: Espírito Santo: 18.xi. 1955, Dalcy Albuquerque. Paratypes: same data as holotype, 2 males, ii–iii. 1958; same data as allotype, 1 male, 1 female. Diagnostic characters. General color brown (Jewett 1960), length of forewing 11.9–12.4 mm in males and 13.6–15 mm in females; tergum 10 of male triangular apex rounded; male paraprocts simple; male epiproct simple, with row of apical teeth clearly visible. Remarks. Jewett (1960) described the species and illustrated male and female, but his figures do not emphasize characters that are now important for the recognition of the species. In Froehlich (1990) the male terminalia is drawn in lateral view. We illustrate male terminalia, in dorsal and ventral views, and the female terminalia, in dorsal and ventrolateral views (Fig. 5), in order to ease their identification. Illies’s (1963) figure of G. m a c u l o s a actually belongs to G. c o r u j a, based on morphology and provenance.Published as part of Lecci, Lucas Silveira & Froehlich, Claudio Gilberto, 2011, Taxonomic revision of Gripopteryx (Pictet, 1841) (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae), pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 2792 on page 8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27697
Gripopteryx clemira Lecci & Froehlich, 2011, n. sp.
No full text<i>Gripopteryx clemira</i> n. sp. <p>(Fig. 9)</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype, male, BRAZIL, <b>Bahia</b>, Camacan, Reserva Serra Bonita (15°23’02”S / 39°34’00”W, 806 m a.s.l.), 04.viii.2008, light trap, Calor, A.R., Lecci, L.S., Pinho, L.C. and Moretto, R.A. Paratypes. 1 female: same data as holotype; 1 male: same data as holotype except for: 05.xi.2009, light trap, Calor, A.R. <i>et al.</i></p> <p> <b>Diagnostic characters.</b> This new species differs from the congeners by males having a broad paraproct that is concave medially; the male epiproct is short, scythe–shaped, with sharp apex; female paraprocts have a triangular apex.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> General color brownish. Parietalia brown; brownish band along the border of the eyes; scape and pedicel of antennae brown, flagellum brownish. Epicranial line brownish (Fig 9 a). Pronotum brownish, margins and rugosities darker (Fig. 9 a). Meso– and metanotum brown, pleurae brownish. Legs: femora brownish; base of tibia with a brown band, the rest light brown, tarsus light brown. Forewing with a few spots, venation brown. A pterostigmatic crossvein present.</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. Abdominal segments sclerotized. Sternum 9 forms a short, elliptical subgenital plate (Fig. 9 d). Posterior portion of abdominal tergum 10 triangular, the apex rounded and curved ventrally (Fig. 9 b). Paraprocts broad and concave internally (Fig. 9 b and 9c); epiproct short, scythe–shaped, with pointed apex and a row of apical denticles (Fig. 9 e). Basis of cerci brown. Width of head, 1.6 mm; length of forewing, 12.8 mm; antennae and cerci damaged.</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. Abdominal segments sclerotized. Sternum 8 of abdomen with a broad subgenital plate and a deep median notch (Fig. 9 f). Paraprocts simple with triangular apex (Fig. 9 f). Sternum 9 fully sclerotized. Bases of cerci brown. Width of head, 1.9 mm; length of forewing 13.3 mm; antennae broken; number of cercomeres, 18.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Gripopteryx clemira</i> <b>n. sp.</b> is a medium–sized species. The male paraprocts of <i>G. clemira</i> are concave as in <i>G. p i n i m a</i>, but those of <i>G. c l e m i r a</i> are much broader; the subgenital plate is elliptical and rounded, while that of <i>G. pinima</i> have a small apical notch. The epiproct of <i>G. clemira</i> <b>n. sp.</b> is short, scythe–shaped.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species is named in honor of Clemira Ordonez Souza, founder of Uiraçu Institute, a non–governmental organization that preserves Reserva Serra Bonita. The name is a noun in apposition.</p>Published as part of <i>Lecci, Lucas Silveira & Froehlich, Claudio Gilberto, 2011, Taxonomic revision of Gripopteryx (Pictet, 1841) (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae), pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 2792</i> on pages 15-16, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/276976">10.5281/zenodo.276976</a>
Ulmeritoides uruguayensis (Traver) Dominguez 1991
No full textUlmeritoides uruguayensis (Traver) Domínguez, 1991 Diagnosis. The nymph of U. uruguayensis can be distinguished from its congeners by the following differential characters: 1) middle tibia with an apical black spot; 2) glossa with digitate bristles on apex; 3) segment I and base of segment II of maxillary palpi brown; 4) posterolateral projections on abdominal segments II–IX. Mature Nymph. Body length: 8.8 mm. Caudal filaments: 12 mm. General coloration: brown, dark brown and yellow. Head: dark brown with yellow spots; clypeus equal in width to labrum, anterior margin of clypeus almost straight. Antenna: yellow. Mouthparts: yellow and brown. Labrum (Fig. 1): yellowish brown, anteromedian region wide, deep and U-shaped, with inconspicuous remains of four denticles and one middle larger denticle. Mandibles (Fig. 2): yellow and brown with black spots, outer dorsal margin with fine bristles. Maxillae (Fig. 3): yellow; segment I and base of segment II of palpi brown, segment III of palpi ½ of the length of segment II, with tuft of bristles on apex and many bristles on apical region; 10–14 subapical pectinate setae. Labium (Fig. 4): yellow; segment II of palpi similar in length to segment I and five times length of segment III; labium yellow with black spots on paraglossa and with many antero-dorsal bristles; glossa with digitate bristles on apex (Fig. 5). Abdomen (Fig. 6): brown and dark brown with lateral margin in yellow; posterolateral projections on abdominal segments II–IX. Thorax: dark brown with yellow spots. Legs: yellow. Fore leg (Fig. 7): black spots on middle of femur, apex and part of base of tibia; femur with some plumose bristles (Fig. 8) at base of inner margin, remaining bristles filiform, in the outer margin long bristles; inner surface of tibia with plumose bristles (Fig. 8); apex of tarsal claws (Fig. 9) hooked, narrow and brown, with small spines basally and progressively larger denticles apically. Middle leg (Fig. 10): femur with a median black spot; tibia with bristles on the inner surface and long slender bristles on the outer margin; a black spot on the apex. Hind leg (Fig. 11): femur with several dorsal bristles; tibia with row of bristles on the inner and outer surface, numerous plumose bristles at apical margin and a row of plumose bristles on the ventral side. Material examined: 6 nymphs: Brazil, São Paulo State, Salesópolis, Estação Biológica de Boracéia, Córrego Venerando (23 ° 39 ’ 14 ”S 45 ° 53 ’ 28 ”W), 09-x- 2004, Froehlich, C.G.; Mariano, R.L.S., Siegloch, A.E. and Silveira, G.A. 1 nymph: same data except Córrego Mutuca (23 ° 38 ’ 22 ”S 45 ° 50 ’ 49 ”W), 11 -x- 2004, Froehlich, C.G.; Mariano, R.L.S., Siegloch, A.E. and Silveira, G.A. 4 nymphs: same data except Córrego Venerando (23 ° 39 ’ 14 ”S 45 ° 53 ’ 28 ”W), 12 -x- 2001, Froehlich, C.G.; Mariano, R.L.S. and Polegatto, C. M. 2 nymphs: same data except Córrego Venerando (23 ° 39 ’ 14 ”S 45 ° 53 ’ 28 ”W), 26 -iii- 2003 Froehlich, C.G.; Mariano, R.L.S. and Spies, M.R. 1 nymph: same data except Ribeirão Coruja (23 ° 40 ’05”S 45 ° 53 ’ 57 ’’W), 28 -iii- 2003, Froehlich, C.G.; Mariano, R.L.S. and Spies, M.R. 5 nymphs: same data except Córrego Venerando (23 ° 39 ’ 14 ”S 45 ° 53 ’ 28 ”W), 27 -iii- 2003, Froehlich, C.G.; Mariano, R.L.S. and Spies, M.R. 1 nymph: same data except Córrego Mutuca (23 ° 38 ’ 22 ”S 45 ° 50 ’ 49 ”W), 27 -iii- 2003, Froehlich, C.G.; Mariano, R.L.S. and Spies, M.R. 5 nymphs: same data except Córrego Mutuca (23 ° 38 ’ 22 ”S 45 ° 50 ’ 49 ”W), 28 -iii- 2003, Froehlich, C.G.; Mariano, R.L.S. and Spies, M.R. 6 nymphs: same data except Córrego Venerando (23 ° 39 ’ 14 ”S 45 ° 53 ’ 28 ”W), 26 -iii- 2003, Froehlich, C.G.; Mariano, R.L.S. and Spies, M.R. The material is deposited in Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil (MZUSP). Remarks. The nymphs were collected in leaf packs in pools of low order permanent stony bottom streams. U. uruguayensis adults were collected in the same places, thus providing an indirect association with the nymphs described here. Light trap collections at the same sites over six years have not provided any other Ulmeritoides species. The vegetation of the collection site (Estação Biológica de Boracéia) is Atlantic Rainforest. The nymph of U. uruguayensis stands probably near U. oepa and U. misionensis by possessing a large middle denticle in the anteromedian emargination of the labrum; thus U. uruguayensis could be a third member of the species group proposed by Lopes et al. (2003). The main difference between the nymph of U. uruguayensis and the others congeners is a posterolateral projection on abdominal segments II–IX, instead of VI– IX, as described for the genus.Published as part of Mariano, Rodolfo & Froehlich, Claudio G., 2007, Description of the nymph of Ulmeritoides uruguayensis (Traver) (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), pp. 61-64 in Zootaxa 1642 on pages 61-63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17968
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