1,721,338 research outputs found
Temperate and Tropical Plant Collections:The changing species concept and other ideas behind their development
No full textThe first botanical gardens and collections of preserved plants in the 16th century served didactic purposes and should ensure correct identification of medicinal, ornamental and other useful plants. Collections of preserved plants were nearly all book-herbaria, emulating illustrated books and owned by individual botanists. Curiosity cabinets of nobles and prominent scholars were larger collections, in which all kinds of objects of natural history from remote regions could be incorporated. The Linnaean revolution favoured loose-leaf herbaria over the old book-herbaria: herbaria with loose sheets could be reorganised in agreement with new knowledge or theories and newly accessedspecimens could be placed next to earlier ones of the same species. However, the Linnaean collections reflected the essentialist species concept, according to which all species consisted of individuals with similar essence and separated from other species by sharp discontinuities. Therefore only few specimens were accumulated per species. A.P. de Candolle saw the need for the study of variation within species and stressed the importance of many specimens per species. The Darwinian revolution in 1859 further increased that trend, requiring more specimens to allow the study of variation both within and between species. During the 19th and the 20th centuries larger botanical gardens and large public herbaria with tropical plants developed in European countries, particularlyin countries with tropical colonies, eventually also in the United States and insome tropical countries, for example in Brazil (Rio) and India (Calcutta). Before and particularly after World War II new botanical gardens and herbaria were established in the tropics and the collections in Europe and North America continued to grow, facilitated by easier travelling and growing interest in exploring the World’s biodiversity. New trends in the 21st century included a wider focus than the study of taxonomy and plant geography: for example conservation and climate change. Many factors may influence the future of tropical plant collections: the influence of growing world population and increasing urbanisation on conservation, increasing focus on technologicallycomplex disciplines in the utilisation of collections and an increasingly complex international legislation, such as the Washington Convention, the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing
37. Ephedraceae
No full textEn taxonomisk revision af og floristisk redgørelse for alle arter af den nøgenfrøede familie Ephedraceae i Etiopien og EritreaA taxonomic and floristic account of all species in the gymnosperm family Ephedraceae recorded from Ethiopia and Eritre
26. Thelypteridaceae
No full textEn taxonomisk revision af og en floristisk redegørelse for alle arter af bregnefamilien Thelypteridaceae i Etiopien og EritreaA taxonomic revision and a floristic account of all species of the fern family Thelypteridaceae recorded from Ethiopia and Eritre
The scientific study of the flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea up to the beginning of the Ethiopian Flora Project (1980)
No full textEn redegørelse for den videnskabelige udforskning af floraen i Etiopien og Eritrea, i væsentlig grad baseret på iagttagelser gjort under arbejdet med udgivelsen af Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea og med inddragelse af den nyeste litteratur.An account of the history of the scientific exploration of the flora in Ethiopia and Eritrea, mainly based on experience from the preparation of the Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea, but with conclusions from the newest literature also taken into account
Floristic richness and endemism in the Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea
No full textEn analyse af fordelingen af artsrigdom og endemisme på de floristiske regioner, der har været anvendt ved udarbejdelsen af Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea; artiklen er baseret på en tidligere udgivet analyse af floraen på hele Afrikas Horn.An analysis of the distribution of species richness and endemism on the floristic regions that have been used for the preparation of the Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea; the article is based on a previously published and more comprehensive study of the flora of the entire Horn of Africa
13. Sinopteridaceae
No full textEn taxonomisk revision af og floristisk redegørelse for alle arter af bregnefamilien Sinopteridaceae i Etiopien og EritreaA taxonomic revision of and a floristic account of all species in the fern family Sinopteridaceae recorded from Ethiopia and Eritre
39. Cupressaceae
No full textEn taxonomisk revision af og en floristisk redegørelse for alle arter af den nøgenfrøede familie Cupressaceae i Etiopien og EritreaA taxonomic and floristic account of all the species of the gymnosperm family Cupressaceae recorded from Ethiopia and Eritre
Travelling among fellow Christians (1768-1833):James Bruce, Henry Salt and Eduard Rüppell in Abyssinia
No full textIn Yemen the Arabian Journey visited a Muslim country which was little known in Europe. Also the Christian highlands of Abyssinia, separated from Yemen by the Red Sea, were poorly known outside and were visited by few scientific travellers between 1750 and 1850. Most important were James Bruce (in 1768-1772), Henry Salt (in 1805 and 1809-1810) and Eduard Rüppell (in 1832-1833). All three interacted with all strata of Abyssinian society: rulers, nobility, clergy, traders and local peasants. They all followed similar routes in northern Abyssinia, collected general information and objects of natural history and studied Aksumite monuments. Bruce and Rüppell were also important collectors of old Abyssinian manuscripts. All three wrote travelogues for the general reader and commented on work of their predecessors. Yet their approach and attitudes to the country and its people were notably different: Bruce was an eccentricand wealthy Scottish laird with attitudes characteristic of his class. Salt, anEnglish artist and secretary to a British peer of the realm, had more liberal attitudes. Rüppell, a German naturalist sent by the Senckenberg Naturforschende Gesellschaft, a learned association in Frankfurt, approached the Abyssinians with scholarly attitudes of his time. Bruce, Salt and Rüppell expressed views about the past and present of the Christian Abyssinian civilisation; Salt also nourished a political vision for future interaction between Abyssinia and Britain
12. Negripteridaceae
No full textEn taxonomisk revision af og floristisk redegørelse for arter af bregnefamilien Negripteridaceae i Etiopien og Eritrea.A taxonomic revision of and a floristic account of the species of the fern family Negripteridaceae recorded from Ethiopia and Eritrea
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